微波提取中药有效成分实验研究
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摘要
本文主要从实验研究出发,根据微波特殊的加热特性和复杂的药材结构,对微波理论、中药提取及特殊与复杂的传热传质机理进行深入研究。其主要研究内容和结果如下。
1.研制了新的、测量精度高的轻、重挥发油提取器与测定器,可同时提取轻、重挥发油。并可同时读取轻、重挥发油的动态提取数据。此装置可研究提取动力学参数,有益于传热传质机理与药材微观结构研究。
2.研制开发了功率连续可调的工业微波炉提取实验装置。比间歇脉冲式家用微波炉实验波动小、易控制、功率大、提取量大、节能显著,效果好。
3.将家用微波炉改造为能提取挥发油与中药有效成分的实验装置。采用均匀设计法对中药挥发油及有效成分进行微波提取工艺优化,将优化结果与传统回流提取法进行了比较。结果表明微波法提取率高、省时、节能。
4.丹参酮ⅡA位于丹参表皮部且溶于乙醇,采用95%乙醇长时间浸泡,其提取量大于传统回流法提取量。且在乙醇中长时间浸泡药材不发生霉变,此法不消耗能源又节省资源(溶剂少、提取率高),属能源与资源节约型、环保型工艺。这一发现将为丹参酮ⅡA工程提取提供技术支撑。具有重要的理论与工程意义。
5.采用微波提取技术可提取100nm以下的纳米中药有效成分,结果表明:微波提取纳米中药粒度与提取材料、提取方法、提取工艺参数、提取次数、提取液浓缩条件及保存期有关。
6.本文有针对性的对药材颗粒内部及外部的传热传质过程建立了微波提取数学模型。
According to the experimental investigation, This dissertation based on special microwave heating characteristics and complex construction of Chinese herbal medicine has made a thorough study of the microwave theories, the extraction of Chinese herbal medicine and the particular and complicated heat and mass transfer. The main work and results are as follows.
1.The new accurate measuring and extracting volatile oil device was created. Light and heavy oil was extracted simultaneously and the dynamic data was recorded at the same time. The device is applicable to study the mechanism of heat and mass transfer during microwave extracting process.
2. The device of industry microwave oven has been developed and which power can be arranged. Its performance is more steady than household microwave oven. Tt is easy to control, and has more power and more yields of extraction. It is outstanding to save energy.
3.The household was made over into experimental device that extract volatile oil and efficacious components from Chinese herbal medicine. Optimum experiments that extract volatile oil and efficacious components from Chinese herbal medicine were carried out with uniform design. Optimum results compare with traditional so that the yields by microwave extracted is more than traditional and save energy and time.
4.TanshinoneⅡA is mostly at scarfskin and can be extracted by direct immersion in 95% ethanol for a long time, and it is no energy consumption. Chinese herbal medicine immersed in ethanol for a long time didn’t mildew. The experimental data can supply theoretical foundation for engineering.
5.Efficacious components of nano-Chinese medicine whose size are under 100 nanometer can be extracted by microwave radiation. The results show that nano-Chinese medicine microwave extracted depend on drug material, on extracting process, method and times, on concentrated condition of extracted liquids and storetime.
6.the microwave extracting dynamic model and equation in and out of medicine particle have been established during heat and mass transfer process.
1.研制了新的、测量精度高的轻、重挥发油提取器与测定器,可同时提取轻、重挥发油。并可同时读取轻、重挥发油的动态提取数据。此装置可研究提取动力学参数,有益于传热传质机理与药材微观结构研究。
2.研制开发了功率连续可调的工业微波炉提取实验装置。比间歇脉冲式家用微波炉实验波动小、易控制、功率大、提取量大、节能显著,效果好。
3.将家用微波炉改造为能提取挥发油与中药有效成分的实验装置。采用均匀设计法对中药挥发油及有效成分进行微波提取工艺优化,将优化结果与传统回流提取法进行了比较。结果表明微波法提取率高、省时、节能。
4.丹参酮ⅡA位于丹参表皮部且溶于乙醇,采用95%乙醇长时间浸泡,其提取量大于传统回流法提取量。且在乙醇中长时间浸泡药材不发生霉变,此法不消耗能源又节省资源(溶剂少、提取率高),属能源与资源节约型、环保型工艺。这一发现将为丹参酮ⅡA工程提取提供技术支撑。具有重要的理论与工程意义。
5.采用微波提取技术可提取100nm以下的纳米中药有效成分,结果表明:微波提取纳米中药粒度与提取材料、提取方法、提取工艺参数、提取次数、提取液浓缩条件及保存期有关。
6.本文有针对性的对药材颗粒内部及外部的传热传质过程建立了微波提取数学模型。
According to the experimental investigation, This dissertation based on special microwave heating characteristics and complex construction of Chinese herbal medicine has made a thorough study of the microwave theories, the extraction of Chinese herbal medicine and the particular and complicated heat and mass transfer. The main work and results are as follows.
1.The new accurate measuring and extracting volatile oil device was created. Light and heavy oil was extracted simultaneously and the dynamic data was recorded at the same time. The device is applicable to study the mechanism of heat and mass transfer during microwave extracting process.
2. The device of industry microwave oven has been developed and which power can be arranged. Its performance is more steady than household microwave oven. Tt is easy to control, and has more power and more yields of extraction. It is outstanding to save energy.
3.The household was made over into experimental device that extract volatile oil and efficacious components from Chinese herbal medicine. Optimum experiments that extract volatile oil and efficacious components from Chinese herbal medicine were carried out with uniform design. Optimum results compare with traditional so that the yields by microwave extracted is more than traditional and save energy and time.
4.TanshinoneⅡA is mostly at scarfskin and can be extracted by direct immersion in 95% ethanol for a long time, and it is no energy consumption. Chinese herbal medicine immersed in ethanol for a long time didn’t mildew. The experimental data can supply theoretical foundation for engineering.
5.Efficacious components of nano-Chinese medicine whose size are under 100 nanometer can be extracted by microwave radiation. The results show that nano-Chinese medicine microwave extracted depend on drug material, on extracting process, method and times, on concentrated condition of extracted liquids and storetime.
6.the microwave extracting dynamic model and equation in and out of medicine particle have been established during heat and mass transfer process.
引文
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