冀中坳陷深县凹陷沙一段沉积相研究及有利区带预测
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摘要
深县凹陷位于冀中坳陷南部,是由两条同沉积断裂控制发育的陆相断陷盆地,断裂系统复杂。其资源转化率低,勘探潜力较大。深县凹陷勘探历史已久,但研究目标大都集中于构造因素为主的油气圈闭。为拓展油气勘探潜力,结合构造圈闭研究,开展岩性地层圈闭的研究工作是今后油气勘探的重点。沙一段沉积早期经历了一次广泛湖侵,形成了本区烃源岩的重要发育层段,而沙一段本身也具备发育岩性地层圈闭的良好条件。
本文以岩心观察与描述为基础,结合区域地质背景,应用地质与地球物理相结合的新理论与新技术,采用点(井)→线(剖面)→面(平面图)→域(时间演化与空间展布)→点(有利区域)的研究思路,对深县凹陷沙一段的沉积相展布特征和岩性地层圈闭进行研究,并对有利区带进行预测。通过上述研究,本文主要取得以下认识:
1、应用高分辨率层序地层理论,通过对沙一段层序界面和最大洪泛面的识别,将沙一段划分为2个长期旋回(相当于三级层序级别)。以长期基准旋回为等时地层对比单元,对研究区沙一段进行等时地层对比,建立了等时地层格架。通过地层对比可以看出沙一段早期构造活动强烈,地层厚度变化快;沙一晚期构造活动微弱,地层厚度变化不大。
2、本文在系统岩心观察与描述的基础上,应用粒度分析资料对其水动力条件进行了探讨,结合相序和测井资料分析识别出4种沉积相类型:三角洲、水下扇、滩坝、湖泊。
3、以单井相分析和含砂率等值线图为基础,以沉积模式为指导,结合古地貌、地震属性和构造特征以三级层序半旋回为单元绘制了沙一时期的沉积相平面图。平面上,陡岸发育多个水下扇,呈现小而多特点;缓岸发育有辫状河三角洲,其分布范围广;垂向上,沉积相展布受湖泊水体变化影响明显,在沙一早期湖侵明显,三角洲呈现“大前缘小平原”的展布特征;而在沙一晚期湖泊水退,三角洲总体呈现“小前缘大平原”的展布格局。
4、研究区发育岩性上倾尖灭和砂岩透镜体两种岩性圈闭、剥蚀不整合和超覆不整合两种地层圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭。本区岩性圈闭发育主要受坡折带控制;地层圈闭主要受不整合控制;构造-岩性圈闭主要发育在深南背斜。采用叠合的思路评价了岩性地层圈闭的有利区带,并在区带评价的基础上在深南背斜西翼提出了一个勘探目标。
Shenxian depression was located in the south part of Jizhong subbasin, which was a nonmanne faulted basin controlled by two contemporaneous faults and whose rift system was complicated. The resources conversion of Shenxian depression was low and the exploration potential was high. Shenxian depression had a long exploration history, but the pre-research target was mainly focused on the structural trap. Hence, it was significant to carry on researches on subtle traps for making a breakthrough in the petroleum exploration in Shenxian depression.Lacus intrusion water intrusion come at the early stage of the first member of Shahejie formation, which not only formed important oil producing formation in the area but also made good conditions for subtle traps development.
On the basis of observation and description of core, combining the analysis of the regional geologic settings,applying the geology and geophysics then, following the research path of point(well) -line(profile) -plane(planar map) -tract(temporal evolution and special distribution)- point(potential sand bodies), the sedimentary system's planar distribution and subtle traps of the first member of Shehejie formation in Shenxian depression were studied and the potential zones were predicated in this thesis. Through the above researches, the achievements of this thesis were as follows:
1. The first member of Shahejie formation was divided into two long-term cycles (third-order sequence) by the application of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and recognition of the Shahejie formation sequence boundary. Isochronic chronostratic framework was established by the isochronic strata correlation on the long-term cyclic sequence scale, which indicated that tectonic activity was severe and formation thickness changed quickly at the early stage of the first member of Shahejie formation, while at the late stage, tectonic activity was feeble and formation thickness changed little.
2. Four types of sedimentary facies that were delta、subsea apron、beach bar and lake were identified on the basis of systematic core observation and description, using grain size analysis which can reflect hydrodynamic force and combined with facies sequence and well logging data.
3.On the basis of single well sedimentary facies, guided by sedimentation model, combined with palaeogeomorphology、seismic attribution and tectonic feature, sedimentary system's planar distribution maps were described on the long-term cyclic sequence scale.On plane map, many subsea aprons were developed along steep bank with characteristics of "small and many"; braided stream delta was development along gentle slope and its distribution range was vast. In vertical direction, distribution of sedimentary facies was influenced by lake water obviously. At the early stage of the first Member of Shahejie formation lacus water intrusion was obvious and delta presented the characteristics of "big front and small plain"; while at the late stage of the first Member of Shahejie formation lacus water subsided and delta presented the characteristic of "small front and big plain".
4. Two types of lithologic traps that were lithologic updip pinchout trap and sand lens trap, two types of stratigraphic traps that were denudation unconformity trap and overlap unconformity trap and structural lithologic trap were developed in the study area.The development of lithologic traps was controlled chiefly by break belt and stratigraphic traps chiefly by unconformity. Structural lithologic traps were developed in ShenNan anticline. The favorable area of subtle traps was optimized following the "superposition" path and pointed out an exploratory target in the west flank of ShenNan anticline.
本文以岩心观察与描述为基础,结合区域地质背景,应用地质与地球物理相结合的新理论与新技术,采用点(井)→线(剖面)→面(平面图)→域(时间演化与空间展布)→点(有利区域)的研究思路,对深县凹陷沙一段的沉积相展布特征和岩性地层圈闭进行研究,并对有利区带进行预测。通过上述研究,本文主要取得以下认识:
1、应用高分辨率层序地层理论,通过对沙一段层序界面和最大洪泛面的识别,将沙一段划分为2个长期旋回(相当于三级层序级别)。以长期基准旋回为等时地层对比单元,对研究区沙一段进行等时地层对比,建立了等时地层格架。通过地层对比可以看出沙一段早期构造活动强烈,地层厚度变化快;沙一晚期构造活动微弱,地层厚度变化不大。
2、本文在系统岩心观察与描述的基础上,应用粒度分析资料对其水动力条件进行了探讨,结合相序和测井资料分析识别出4种沉积相类型:三角洲、水下扇、滩坝、湖泊。
3、以单井相分析和含砂率等值线图为基础,以沉积模式为指导,结合古地貌、地震属性和构造特征以三级层序半旋回为单元绘制了沙一时期的沉积相平面图。平面上,陡岸发育多个水下扇,呈现小而多特点;缓岸发育有辫状河三角洲,其分布范围广;垂向上,沉积相展布受湖泊水体变化影响明显,在沙一早期湖侵明显,三角洲呈现“大前缘小平原”的展布特征;而在沙一晚期湖泊水退,三角洲总体呈现“小前缘大平原”的展布格局。
4、研究区发育岩性上倾尖灭和砂岩透镜体两种岩性圈闭、剥蚀不整合和超覆不整合两种地层圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭。本区岩性圈闭发育主要受坡折带控制;地层圈闭主要受不整合控制;构造-岩性圈闭主要发育在深南背斜。采用叠合的思路评价了岩性地层圈闭的有利区带,并在区带评价的基础上在深南背斜西翼提出了一个勘探目标。
Shenxian depression was located in the south part of Jizhong subbasin, which was a nonmanne faulted basin controlled by two contemporaneous faults and whose rift system was complicated. The resources conversion of Shenxian depression was low and the exploration potential was high. Shenxian depression had a long exploration history, but the pre-research target was mainly focused on the structural trap. Hence, it was significant to carry on researches on subtle traps for making a breakthrough in the petroleum exploration in Shenxian depression.Lacus intrusion water intrusion come at the early stage of the first member of Shahejie formation, which not only formed important oil producing formation in the area but also made good conditions for subtle traps development.
On the basis of observation and description of core, combining the analysis of the regional geologic settings,applying the geology and geophysics then, following the research path of point(well) -line(profile) -plane(planar map) -tract(temporal evolution and special distribution)- point(potential sand bodies), the sedimentary system's planar distribution and subtle traps of the first member of Shehejie formation in Shenxian depression were studied and the potential zones were predicated in this thesis. Through the above researches, the achievements of this thesis were as follows:
1. The first member of Shahejie formation was divided into two long-term cycles (third-order sequence) by the application of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and recognition of the Shahejie formation sequence boundary. Isochronic chronostratic framework was established by the isochronic strata correlation on the long-term cyclic sequence scale, which indicated that tectonic activity was severe and formation thickness changed quickly at the early stage of the first member of Shahejie formation, while at the late stage, tectonic activity was feeble and formation thickness changed little.
2. Four types of sedimentary facies that were delta、subsea apron、beach bar and lake were identified on the basis of systematic core observation and description, using grain size analysis which can reflect hydrodynamic force and combined with facies sequence and well logging data.
3.On the basis of single well sedimentary facies, guided by sedimentation model, combined with palaeogeomorphology、seismic attribution and tectonic feature, sedimentary system's planar distribution maps were described on the long-term cyclic sequence scale.On plane map, many subsea aprons were developed along steep bank with characteristics of "small and many"; braided stream delta was development along gentle slope and its distribution range was vast. In vertical direction, distribution of sedimentary facies was influenced by lake water obviously. At the early stage of the first Member of Shahejie formation lacus water intrusion was obvious and delta presented the characteristics of "big front and small plain"; while at the late stage of the first Member of Shahejie formation lacus water subsided and delta presented the characteristic of "small front and big plain".
4. Two types of lithologic traps that were lithologic updip pinchout trap and sand lens trap, two types of stratigraphic traps that were denudation unconformity trap and overlap unconformity trap and structural lithologic trap were developed in the study area.The development of lithologic traps was controlled chiefly by break belt and stratigraphic traps chiefly by unconformity. Structural lithologic traps were developed in ShenNan anticline. The favorable area of subtle traps was optimized following the "superposition" path and pointed out an exploratory target in the west flank of ShenNan anticline.
引文
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