辽东湾北部JZ16-2围区古近系东营组层序、沉积体系分析
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摘要
本文以层序地层学、地震地层学、沉积学以及石油地质学为理论基础,综合利用三维地震、测井、录井和岩心等资料,研究了辽东湾盆地北部JZ16-2围区古近系东营组的层序、沉积体系空间分布及其控制因素。
研究区横跨辽西凹陷、辽西凸起和辽中凹陷三个二级构造带。东营组从下到上共发育三个层序:东三段层序(SQd3)、东二段层序(SQd2)和东一段层序(SQd1)。其中东三层序和东二层序识别出最大湖泛面mfsd3和mfsd2,进一步分为东三湖扩域(ESTd3)、东三高位域(HSTd3)、东二湖扩域(ESTd2)和东二高位域(HSTd2)。
SQd3时期断裂发育,主要分布于辽西凸起边缘1号断裂和2号断裂附近,NE-SW向展布,多表现为分段性。在断裂上升盘形成正地貌,总体为“两隆三凹”的构造格局。SQd2时期时期,同沉积断裂明显减少,断裂活动减弱,同沉积断裂活动主要位于西北部。辽西凸起隐没,北部中央凸起以西形成大的连片凸起,总体显示西北高,东南低的构造格局。SQd1地形特征继承SQd2层序时期,基本上为西高东低凹隆格局不明显的缓坡。
研究区东营组发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇沉积体系。ESTd3时期湖泊面积较大,深湖—半深湖广泛发育,北部中央凸起断裂坡折之下以及南部断坡带的可见扇三角洲近源沉积,北部古凌河水系控制辫状河三角洲短轴沉积;HSTd3时期,湖泊沉积分布广泛,研究区东部古辽河水系物源供应形成辫状河三角洲。ESTd2时期,北部古凌河水系和东部古辽河水系控制辫状河三角洲发育,深湖面积扩大,并在东部形成滑塌湖底扇。HSTd2时期湖泊萎缩,西部发育大型辫状河三角洲,东部和北部见曲流河三角洲;东一层序(SQd1)发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系。
沉积体系时空分布主要受控于物源体系和坡折体系的有效配置。沉积时期来自古凌河和古辽河两大物源体系控制沉积作用比较明显;断裂及其陡坡带组合控制了扇三角洲沉积,缓坡带及其“沟谷”组合控制辫状河三角洲发育;反向断裂阻碍沉积体系展布;构造坡折带是沉积相域分带的重要界线;水下低凸起阻碍物源供应。
Based on sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, sedimentology and petroleum geology, integrated with 3D seismic data, logging data as well as cores,this paper studied the spatial distribution of sequence and sedimentary systems along with its control factors in JZ16-2 surrounding area in the north of Liaodongwan basin .
The Dongying formation here developed three sequences: SQd3, SQd2 and SQd1 upwardly, while the maximum flooding surface can be identified in SQd3 and SQd2 which be further divided into ESTd3, HSTd3, ESTd2 and HSTd2.
In SQd3, the synsedimentary faults was well developed near Liaoxi Salient extending northeast to southwest discontinuously. The rising blocks of the synsedimentary faults performed as salients showed two uplifts and three sags overall.
The synsedimentary faults in ESTd2 and HSTd2 decreased apparently and fault activities weakened, which was predominately located in the northwest. Simultaneously Liaoxi Salient disappeared and Central Salient combined with its western parts comprised a united uplift. The tectonic activity in SQd1 ceased on the whole, and the northwest part uplifted, resulting as a southeast-dip slope.
The fan delta, braided river delta, meandering river delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan sedimentary systems developed in Dongying Formation. The lacustrine system dominated earlier stage whereas delta dominated the latter. The distribution of sedimentary system in the tectono-sequence framework present as follow: in SQd3, lake is very vast and fan delta developed under fault break zone in Central Salient and also in the south part of the area. The braided delta in the west was controlled by Paleo-Liaohe river. In ESTd2, Paleo-Linghe river and Paleo-Liaohe river determined the braided river delta, and the lake-floor-fan present in the east from slump. In HSTd2, the lake shrinked and braided river delta as well as meandering river delta appeared. In SQd1 braided river delta and lacustrine developed.
The spatial distribution of sedimentary system was dominated by the coupling of provenance system and the slope-break. Paleo-Linghe river and Paleo-Liaohe river were significant to the sedimentary system researched. The fan delta was attributed to steep fault-break zones whereas braided delta to gentle slope-break zones and the relevant valley. The tectonic slope-break zone separated the facies critically.
研究区横跨辽西凹陷、辽西凸起和辽中凹陷三个二级构造带。东营组从下到上共发育三个层序:东三段层序(SQd3)、东二段层序(SQd2)和东一段层序(SQd1)。其中东三层序和东二层序识别出最大湖泛面mfsd3和mfsd2,进一步分为东三湖扩域(ESTd3)、东三高位域(HSTd3)、东二湖扩域(ESTd2)和东二高位域(HSTd2)。
SQd3时期断裂发育,主要分布于辽西凸起边缘1号断裂和2号断裂附近,NE-SW向展布,多表现为分段性。在断裂上升盘形成正地貌,总体为“两隆三凹”的构造格局。SQd2时期时期,同沉积断裂明显减少,断裂活动减弱,同沉积断裂活动主要位于西北部。辽西凸起隐没,北部中央凸起以西形成大的连片凸起,总体显示西北高,东南低的构造格局。SQd1地形特征继承SQd2层序时期,基本上为西高东低凹隆格局不明显的缓坡。
研究区东营组发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇沉积体系。ESTd3时期湖泊面积较大,深湖—半深湖广泛发育,北部中央凸起断裂坡折之下以及南部断坡带的可见扇三角洲近源沉积,北部古凌河水系控制辫状河三角洲短轴沉积;HSTd3时期,湖泊沉积分布广泛,研究区东部古辽河水系物源供应形成辫状河三角洲。ESTd2时期,北部古凌河水系和东部古辽河水系控制辫状河三角洲发育,深湖面积扩大,并在东部形成滑塌湖底扇。HSTd2时期湖泊萎缩,西部发育大型辫状河三角洲,东部和北部见曲流河三角洲;东一层序(SQd1)发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系。
沉积体系时空分布主要受控于物源体系和坡折体系的有效配置。沉积时期来自古凌河和古辽河两大物源体系控制沉积作用比较明显;断裂及其陡坡带组合控制了扇三角洲沉积,缓坡带及其“沟谷”组合控制辫状河三角洲发育;反向断裂阻碍沉积体系展布;构造坡折带是沉积相域分带的重要界线;水下低凸起阻碍物源供应。
Based on sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, sedimentology and petroleum geology, integrated with 3D seismic data, logging data as well as cores,this paper studied the spatial distribution of sequence and sedimentary systems along with its control factors in JZ16-2 surrounding area in the north of Liaodongwan basin .
The Dongying formation here developed three sequences: SQd3, SQd2 and SQd1 upwardly, while the maximum flooding surface can be identified in SQd3 and SQd2 which be further divided into ESTd3, HSTd3, ESTd2 and HSTd2.
In SQd3, the synsedimentary faults was well developed near Liaoxi Salient extending northeast to southwest discontinuously. The rising blocks of the synsedimentary faults performed as salients showed two uplifts and three sags overall.
The synsedimentary faults in ESTd2 and HSTd2 decreased apparently and fault activities weakened, which was predominately located in the northwest. Simultaneously Liaoxi Salient disappeared and Central Salient combined with its western parts comprised a united uplift. The tectonic activity in SQd1 ceased on the whole, and the northwest part uplifted, resulting as a southeast-dip slope.
The fan delta, braided river delta, meandering river delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan sedimentary systems developed in Dongying Formation. The lacustrine system dominated earlier stage whereas delta dominated the latter. The distribution of sedimentary system in the tectono-sequence framework present as follow: in SQd3, lake is very vast and fan delta developed under fault break zone in Central Salient and also in the south part of the area. The braided delta in the west was controlled by Paleo-Liaohe river. In ESTd2, Paleo-Linghe river and Paleo-Liaohe river determined the braided river delta, and the lake-floor-fan present in the east from slump. In HSTd2, the lake shrinked and braided river delta as well as meandering river delta appeared. In SQd1 braided river delta and lacustrine developed.
The spatial distribution of sedimentary system was dominated by the coupling of provenance system and the slope-break. Paleo-Linghe river and Paleo-Liaohe river were significant to the sedimentary system researched. The fan delta was attributed to steep fault-break zones whereas braided delta to gentle slope-break zones and the relevant valley. The tectonic slope-break zone separated the facies critically.
引文
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Hanebuth T J, Stattegger K, Schimanski A, et al. Late Pleistocene forced-regressive deposits on the Sunda Shelf(Southeast Asia). Marine Geology, 2003, 199:139-157
Hübscher C, Spie? V. Forced regression systems tracts on the Bengal Shelf Marine Geology, 2005, 219: 207-218
Hunt D, Sedimentary responses to forced regression Sedimentary Geology, 2001, 14(3):325-327
Howell J, Boyd R, Flint S, et al, High-resolution sequence-stratigraphic correlation between shallow-marine and terrestrial strata: Examples from the Sunnyside Member of the Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation. Book Cliffs, eastern Utah Roy Davies, AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90 (7):1121-1140
Mcpherson J G, Shanmugam G, Motola R J. Fan- deltas and braid- deltas : varieties of course-grant deltas. Geological Society of America Balletin, 1987, 99 (3):331-340
Nadon G C, (Toni) Simo J A, Dott R H, et al. High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the St Peter Sandstone and Glenwood Formation (Middle Ordovician), Michigan Basin. U.S.A. AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84 (7):975-996
Plint A G, McCarthy P J, Faccini U F, Nonmarine sequencestratigraphy: Updip expression of sequence boundaries and systems tracts in a highresolution framework, Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, Alberta foreland basin, Canada AAPG Bulletin, 2001, 85 (11):1967-2001
蔡东升,罗毓晖,武文来,等.渤海浅层构造变形特征、成因机理与渤中坳陷及其周围油气富集的关系.中国海上油气(地质), 2001, 15(1): 35-43
陈莹,林畅松.歧口凹陷古近纪同沉积断裂对层序和沉积体系的控制.地质力学学报, 2006, 12(3): 379-356
邓宏文.高分辨率层序地层学.地质出版社, 2002
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