低孔低渗低压气藏开发模式研究
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摘要
合理开模式的研究对任何一个气田的开发都有重要的意义。确定合理的开发模式可减少投资，提高油田整体开发效率和经济效益。
论文从大牛地气田盒3气藏的储层构造特征、物性特征、储层非均质性特征出发，对气藏低孔低渗低压的特征有了比较全面的认识。并在此基础上，开展单井生产动态分析，按产量大小，将盒3气藏分为低产井（日产量<1×104m3）、中产井（1×104m3<日产量<2×104m3）、高产井（日产量>2×104m3）三种类型，并分析每一种类型井的产气，产水、油套压差的变化情况；从产水类型出发，将盒3气藏的井分为产水上升型，产水下降型，产水平稳性以及产水无规律型；分析影响单井的生产因素，以及单井生产是否合理。分析产量递减规律和压力递减规律，进行产量和压力预测，确定大部分气井稳产年限基本能达到5年，并为气藏增压输气时机提供依据。大牛地气田盒3气藏生产规律表现在2005年以前为产量上升阶段，2005年其进入稳产阶段；在气藏能量方面，地层能量呈直线下降的趋势，2006年以后下降比较快,如何保持地层能量，持续稳产是该气藏需要解决的问题。总结国内外各类气田的开发模式，分析各类气田开发模式的相同点和不同点，经过对比分析，找出影响气田开发模式的因素,为确定盒3气藏开发模式提供理论基础。结合开发地质特征和生产动态特征，利用气藏工程方法，类比方法，划分开发层系，确定开发方式，确定盒3气藏的合理采气速度；结合单井的控制储量，无阻流量以及稳产情况确定单井的合理配产；结合井底积液情况确定合理生产压差；采用规定单井产能法、经济评价方法，类比法，综合确定井网形式、井距和井网密度。对比2004年开发方案预测开发指标与实际生产的开发指标，提出气藏综合调整建议：现在的采气速度达到了5.77%，迫使气藏压力下降迅速，影响气藏最终采收率，适当控制盒3气藏采气速度在2.5~3%之间；适当的调整井网，将部分井网密度过大的区域，采取间歇生产，对于井距过大的，不能控制住动用储量的井，建议适当的增加一些井，使盒3气藏的储量能够均匀动用;建议对盒3气藏运用水平井及其分段压裂改造技术，减少生产井数，大幅度提高单井产能，最终延长气藏稳产期;随着气藏压力的降低，建议适时运用增压输气技术，可延长气井寿命，提高气藏最终采收率。
本论文的研究结果，对保持盒3气藏的能量，实现气藏持续稳产，改善气藏规模效益，提高气藏开发技术水平具有指导意义，而且可以为同类低孔低渗低压气藏的有效开发模式奠定理论基础。
The study about reasonable development mode has important menaing to everygas field·The determination of reasonable development mode can cut downinvestment and improve the development efficiency and economic benefit of theWhole gas field.
In this paper though studying the tectonic characteristic, reservoirs physicalproperty, heterogeneity in He-3 Member of Daniudi gas field,a comprehensivecognition about geology characteristic in exitra-low permeability porous,pressure.Onthe basis of the cognition,developing performance analysis,acording to the standard ofproduct size,it will be divided into three types,such as high-productivity,medium-productivity and low-productivity,and it will be analyzevd changes of gas,water and Producing Pressure between tubing and casing.And it will be divided intofour types,rising water production,declining water production,stable water productionand irregular water production then analyse the effect factors of production, and judgethe reasonableness well production. Analysis of production decline rule and pressuredecline,studing pressure prediction. Most gas well have stable production period for 5years.this can tell us when to provide compressor.The production is rising before2005,and then start produce stably.At the same time,the formation pressure is deliningand it fell more quickly in 2006. How to maintain the formation energy andcontinuous stable production of the gas reservoir need to be resolved. Summarize thedevelopment mode of various domestic and international gas fields, and tihen contrastand analyze the similarities and differences of various types of gas field developmentmode which provides theoretical basis for the study of. He-3 gas.Combininggeological characteristics and dynamic characteristics, determines the reservoirdevelopment principle,development layer, development,reasonable gas velocity, andcombines single well controlled reserves, open flow and stable conditions to determine the reasonable allocation of single well production. and combines bottomhole liquid situation to determine reasonable production pressure. Using single wellproduction by the provisions of law, economic evaluation method, analogy methoddetermines the form of Integrated Well, well spacing and well density.Finally contrastthe predicted development index of developing plan in 2004 and the actualproductionevelopment index, and then put forward comprehensive revision proposalgas reservoir. Now gas production rate has reached 5.77%, and it force reservoirpressure drops rapidly and affect the ultimate recovery of gas reservoirs. Soappropriate control box 3 gas reservoir gas production rate of between 2.5 to 3%.Appropriate adjustments well. Use Batch production well where some of the welldensity area is too large. While increase some wells appropriately where the wellspacing is too large and where the use of reserves can not control that the He-3 gasfield can uniformly produce. Propose play Horizontal and use sub-fracturingtechnique reduce the number of production wells that can reduce the number ofproduction wells and substantial increase individual-Well Productivity, and extendedperiod of stable gas reservoir. With the lower pressure of gas reservoir, timely use ofpressurized gas transmission technology that can extend the life of gas wells andImprove the ultimate recovery ration of gas reservoirs
The results of this paper has instructional meaning to He-3 gas field in keepingthe formation pressure,and insisting on stable production,in changing the large-scaleproduction and improving the development technology.It also can provide theoreticalbase for effective mode and production technology in devolping other gas field whichare exitra-low permeability porous,pressure,too.
论文从大牛地气田盒3气藏的储层构造特征、物性特征、储层非均质性特征出发，对气藏低孔低渗低压的特征有了比较全面的认识。并在此基础上，开展单井生产动态分析，按产量大小，将盒3气藏分为低产井（日产量<1×104m3）、中产井（1×104m3<日产量<2×104m3）、高产井（日产量>2×104m3）三种类型，并分析每一种类型井的产气，产水、油套压差的变化情况；从产水类型出发，将盒3气藏的井分为产水上升型，产水下降型，产水平稳性以及产水无规律型；分析影响单井的生产因素，以及单井生产是否合理。分析产量递减规律和压力递减规律，进行产量和压力预测，确定大部分气井稳产年限基本能达到5年，并为气藏增压输气时机提供依据。大牛地气田盒3气藏生产规律表现在2005年以前为产量上升阶段，2005年其进入稳产阶段；在气藏能量方面，地层能量呈直线下降的趋势，2006年以后下降比较快,如何保持地层能量，持续稳产是该气藏需要解决的问题。总结国内外各类气田的开发模式，分析各类气田开发模式的相同点和不同点，经过对比分析，找出影响气田开发模式的因素,为确定盒3气藏开发模式提供理论基础。结合开发地质特征和生产动态特征，利用气藏工程方法，类比方法，划分开发层系，确定开发方式，确定盒3气藏的合理采气速度；结合单井的控制储量，无阻流量以及稳产情况确定单井的合理配产；结合井底积液情况确定合理生产压差；采用规定单井产能法、经济评价方法，类比法，综合确定井网形式、井距和井网密度。对比2004年开发方案预测开发指标与实际生产的开发指标，提出气藏综合调整建议：现在的采气速度达到了5.77%，迫使气藏压力下降迅速，影响气藏最终采收率，适当控制盒3气藏采气速度在2.5~3%之间；适当的调整井网，将部分井网密度过大的区域，采取间歇生产，对于井距过大的，不能控制住动用储量的井，建议适当的增加一些井，使盒3气藏的储量能够均匀动用;建议对盒3气藏运用水平井及其分段压裂改造技术，减少生产井数，大幅度提高单井产能，最终延长气藏稳产期;随着气藏压力的降低，建议适时运用增压输气技术，可延长气井寿命，提高气藏最终采收率。
本论文的研究结果，对保持盒3气藏的能量，实现气藏持续稳产，改善气藏规模效益，提高气藏开发技术水平具有指导意义，而且可以为同类低孔低渗低压气藏的有效开发模式奠定理论基础。
The study about reasonable development mode has important menaing to everygas field·The determination of reasonable development mode can cut downinvestment and improve the development efficiency and economic benefit of theWhole gas field.
In this paper though studying the tectonic characteristic, reservoirs physicalproperty, heterogeneity in He-3 Member of Daniudi gas field,a comprehensivecognition about geology characteristic in exitra-low permeability porous,pressure.Onthe basis of the cognition,developing performance analysis,acording to the standard ofproduct size,it will be divided into three types,such as high-productivity,medium-productivity and low-productivity,and it will be analyzevd changes of gas,water and Producing Pressure between tubing and casing.And it will be divided intofour types,rising water production,declining water production,stable water productionand irregular water production then analyse the effect factors of production, and judgethe reasonableness well production. Analysis of production decline rule and pressuredecline,studing pressure prediction. Most gas well have stable production period for 5years.this can tell us when to provide compressor.The production is rising before2005,and then start produce stably.At the same time,the formation pressure is deliningand it fell more quickly in 2006. How to maintain the formation energy andcontinuous stable production of the gas reservoir need to be resolved. Summarize thedevelopment mode of various domestic and international gas fields, and tihen contrastand analyze the similarities and differences of various types of gas field developmentmode which provides theoretical basis for the study of. He-3 gas.Combininggeological characteristics and dynamic characteristics, determines the reservoirdevelopment principle,development layer, development,reasonable gas velocity, andcombines single well controlled reserves, open flow and stable conditions to determine the reasonable allocation of single well production. and combines bottomhole liquid situation to determine reasonable production pressure. Using single wellproduction by the provisions of law, economic evaluation method, analogy methoddetermines the form of Integrated Well, well spacing and well density.Finally contrastthe predicted development index of developing plan in 2004 and the actualproductionevelopment index, and then put forward comprehensive revision proposalgas reservoir. Now gas production rate has reached 5.77%, and it force reservoirpressure drops rapidly and affect the ultimate recovery of gas reservoirs. Soappropriate control box 3 gas reservoir gas production rate of between 2.5 to 3%.Appropriate adjustments well. Use Batch production well where some of the welldensity area is too large. While increase some wells appropriately where the wellspacing is too large and where the use of reserves can not control that the He-3 gasfield can uniformly produce. Propose play Horizontal and use sub-fracturingtechnique reduce the number of production wells that can reduce the number ofproduction wells and substantial increase individual-Well Productivity, and extendedperiod of stable gas reservoir. With the lower pressure of gas reservoir, timely use ofpressurized gas transmission technology that can extend the life of gas wells andImprove the ultimate recovery ration of gas reservoirs
The results of this paper has instructional meaning to He-3 gas field in keepingthe formation pressure,and insisting on stable production,in changing the large-scaleproduction and improving the development technology.It also can provide theoreticalbase for effective mode and production technology in devolping other gas field whichare exitra-low permeability porous,pressure,too.
引文
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[3]郝春山,史支清,左代蓉等.天然气开发利用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2000.
[4]李士伦等.天然气工程. [M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2000.
[5]《国外六类气藏开发模式及工艺技术》编写组.国外六类气藏开发模式及工艺技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995年.
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[7]朱彤,叶军.川西坳陷致密碎屑岩气藏类型划分及特征[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(6)：537-546.
[8]李华明.从川东已开发气藏谈不同类型气藏合理布井问题[J].天然气工业,1996,16(1)：86-87.
[9]杨川东.四川气田排水采气的配套工艺技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,1995,15(3)：37-41.
[10]汤春云,陈开远,杜修宜等.王场油田高效开发模式及稳产对策研究[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4)：107-110.
[11]马力宁,王小鲁,朱玉洁等.柴达木盆地天然气开发技术进展[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2)：77-80.
[13]周琦,姜汉桥,陈民锋.严重非均质油藏开发层系组合界限研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2008,30(4)：93-97
[14]方义生,徐树宝,李士伦.乌连戈伊气田开发实践和经验[J].天然气工业,2005,25(6)：90-93.
[15]于士泉,罗琳,李伟等.徐深气田升平开发区火山岩气藏几个开发技术经济界限探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4)：73-76.
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