巴楚—塔中寒武系层序地层及沉积特征研究
摘要
本论文研究区位于塔里木盆地中央隆起中西端,以寒武系碳酸盐岩为目的层。根据论文研究任务和目的,结合国内外碳酸盐岩的研究现状,以Vail的经典层序地层学、沉积学、储层地质学等多学科的理论为指导,综合运用录井、测井、古生物及地震等资料,开展研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩层序地层和沉积相的研究,探讨沉积相的构成及空间分布,并建立了层序-沉积演化模式,探讨了控制层序发育的主要因素。在此研究基础上,结合区域构造特征及石油地质条件,进行了研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩储层分析。
塔里木运动标志着塔里木盆地盆地前震旦系基底构造演化的结束和盆地基底的最终形成,并进入盆地发展演化阶段,受其影响巴楚地区在基底隆起的构造背景下,震旦系表现为一平缓的低隆起。发生在震旦系末的加里东早期运动第一幕,在巴楚-塔中形成震旦系、寒武系平行不整合,地震界面为T90。寒武系与下伏前寒武系之间存在明显的角度不整合关系,地震剖面上寒武系为一套连续强振幅反射波组。加里东早期运动第二幕发生在寒武纪末,形成寒武系、奥陶系平行不整合,即地震T80界面。
依照9口寒武系钻井岩芯的宏观描述,在精细的沉积相、测井相分析基础上,结合5条主干连井剖面地震相和生物化石资料的分析,在研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩中共识别出蒸发台地、局限台地及开阔台地三个沉积相。寒武纪整个塔里木盆地呈现”西台东盆”的沉积格局,巴楚-塔中位于台地相区。受海平面升降影响,研究区早寒武世早期玉尔吐斯组发育潮坪沉积,早寒武世肖尔布拉克组发育局限台地沉积,早寒武世吾松格尔组发育蒸发台地沉积;中寒武世沙依里克组发育开阔台地-局限台地沉积,中寒武世阿瓦塔格组发育蒸发台地沉积,晚寒武世下丘里塔格群发育局限台地沉积。根据现有资料,在研究区进一步划分了沉积亚相和沉积微相,并系统开展了沉积相研究。
依据Vail的经典层序地层学理论,对研究区寒武系进行了层序地层研究。结合沉积体系及构造地质背景分析,录井、测井、岩芯观察、古生物及地震等资料的综合分析表明,巴楚-塔中寒武系可划分为3个二级超层序,各个二级层序界面均为层序不整合面,其中T90、T82、T81界面存在短期暴露。论文以二级层序为等时单元编制了沉积相平面图,揭示了沉积相的展布规律,指出了研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩在各个时期呈继承性发展:下寒武统研究区呈现为向上变浅的碳酸盐岩台地生长序列,由早期半开放的局限台地演变为半封闭的局限台地-蒸发台地。经历短暂暴露剥蚀后,中寒武统遭受小规模海侵,研究区又经历了半开放的开阔台地-局限台地演变为半封闭的局限台地-蒸发台地。上寒武统海平面上升,研究区发育了大套的白云岩沉积的局限台地。
在层序地层及沉积相的研究基础上,结合区域构造特征及石油地质条件,研究认为在塔中隆起的西南部,与巴楚隆起的连接区,北西向的断裂构造十分发育,为裂缝性白云岩储层的形成提供了良好的条件。
The study area of this paper locates in the mid-west of Middle Uplift in Tarim Basin, and the target layer is Cambrian carbonate. According to the tasks and aims of this paper, combined the present study situation of carbonate in and aboard, directed by the theories of Vail’s classic sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and other subjects, integrated these data of drilling, logging, palaeontology and seismic, the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies researches of Cambrian carbonate in study area are developed, the sedimentary facies constitution and interspace distribution is probed, and the sequence-deposition evolution model is built to discuss the main factors which control the sequence development. On the base of researches, combined the area tectonic features and petroleum geology conditions, the reservoir analysis of Cambrian carbonate in study area is proceeded.
Tarim event is the mark of the end of base tectonic evolution of Anti-Cambrian in Tarim basin, and also the mark of the final formation of basin base. It signed the basin entered evolution stage. Affected by that event, on the tectonic background of base uplift in Bachu area, it presented a slow low-uplift. The first act of Caledonian event happened in the end of Sinian and formed a parallel unconformity between Sinian and Cambrian in Bachu-Mid Tarim area, and the seismic boundary is T90. It is an obvious angle unconformity relationship between Cambrian and Anti-Cambrian. The Cambrian on the seismic section is a set of continuous black deflection reflection wave group. The second act of Caledonian event happened in the end of Cambrian, and formed a parallel unconformity between Cambrian and Ordovician. The seismic boundary is T80.
According to the macroscopic description of 10 wells Cambrian cores, on the basis of the sedimentary and logging facies fine analysis, combined the analysis of 5 main well-tie section seismic facies and the fossil organism data, three facies, evaporation platform, restricted platform and open platform are confirmed in the study area. The whole Tarim basin appeared the sedimentary frame of west platform-east basin, and Bachu-Mid Tarim lies in the platform area. Affected by the fluctuation of sea level, Yuertusi formation tidal-plat, Xiaoerbulake formation restricted platform and Wusonggeer formation evaporation platform developed respectively in the study area during the early Cambrian; Shayilike formation open-restricted platform and Awatage formation evaporation platform developed respectively during the mid-Cambrian; the Xiaqiulitage formation restricted platform developed during the late Cambrian. According to the available information, sedimentary subfacies and microfacies are further confirmed, and the facies researches are developed systemly.
Directed by Vail’s classic sequence stratigraphy theory, the Cambrian sequence stratigraphy researches are proceeded in the study area. Combined the analysis of deposition system and tectonic geologic background, the multidisciplinary analysis of mud-logging, well-logging, core-observation, palaeontology and seismic data shows that the Cambrian can be divided into 3 second order super-sequence in Bachu-Mid Tarim area, and each second order sequence boundary is sequence unconformity. And short exposition happened on T90, T82, T81 boundaries. Sedimentary facies planforms are compiled based on second order sequence; sedimentary facies distribution laws are revealed. The paper indicates that the Cambrian carbonate developed successively during each period in study area: the study area showed a shallow upwards carbonate growth succession in lower Cambrian, and evolved a semi-closed restricted-evaporation platform from the early semi-open restricted platform. After short exposition, a small transgression happened in Mid-Cambrian, and the study area evolved a semi-closed restricted-evaporation platform from the early semi-open restricted platform again. During the upper Cambrian, the sea level rose, and a huge set of dolomites deposition restricted platform developed in the study area.
On the basis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies researches, combined the area tectonic features and petroleum geology conditions, it is suggested that in the southwest of Mid Tarim which adhered with Bachu area, north-west rift structure developed exceedingly, providing good conditions for the formation of fracture reservoirs.
塔里木运动标志着塔里木盆地盆地前震旦系基底构造演化的结束和盆地基底的最终形成,并进入盆地发展演化阶段,受其影响巴楚地区在基底隆起的构造背景下,震旦系表现为一平缓的低隆起。发生在震旦系末的加里东早期运动第一幕,在巴楚-塔中形成震旦系、寒武系平行不整合,地震界面为T90。寒武系与下伏前寒武系之间存在明显的角度不整合关系,地震剖面上寒武系为一套连续强振幅反射波组。加里东早期运动第二幕发生在寒武纪末,形成寒武系、奥陶系平行不整合,即地震T80界面。
依照9口寒武系钻井岩芯的宏观描述,在精细的沉积相、测井相分析基础上,结合5条主干连井剖面地震相和生物化石资料的分析,在研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩中共识别出蒸发台地、局限台地及开阔台地三个沉积相。寒武纪整个塔里木盆地呈现”西台东盆”的沉积格局,巴楚-塔中位于台地相区。受海平面升降影响,研究区早寒武世早期玉尔吐斯组发育潮坪沉积,早寒武世肖尔布拉克组发育局限台地沉积,早寒武世吾松格尔组发育蒸发台地沉积;中寒武世沙依里克组发育开阔台地-局限台地沉积,中寒武世阿瓦塔格组发育蒸发台地沉积,晚寒武世下丘里塔格群发育局限台地沉积。根据现有资料,在研究区进一步划分了沉积亚相和沉积微相,并系统开展了沉积相研究。
依据Vail的经典层序地层学理论,对研究区寒武系进行了层序地层研究。结合沉积体系及构造地质背景分析,录井、测井、岩芯观察、古生物及地震等资料的综合分析表明,巴楚-塔中寒武系可划分为3个二级超层序,各个二级层序界面均为层序不整合面,其中T90、T82、T81界面存在短期暴露。论文以二级层序为等时单元编制了沉积相平面图,揭示了沉积相的展布规律,指出了研究区寒武系碳酸盐岩在各个时期呈继承性发展:下寒武统研究区呈现为向上变浅的碳酸盐岩台地生长序列,由早期半开放的局限台地演变为半封闭的局限台地-蒸发台地。经历短暂暴露剥蚀后,中寒武统遭受小规模海侵,研究区又经历了半开放的开阔台地-局限台地演变为半封闭的局限台地-蒸发台地。上寒武统海平面上升,研究区发育了大套的白云岩沉积的局限台地。
在层序地层及沉积相的研究基础上,结合区域构造特征及石油地质条件,研究认为在塔中隆起的西南部,与巴楚隆起的连接区,北西向的断裂构造十分发育,为裂缝性白云岩储层的形成提供了良好的条件。
The study area of this paper locates in the mid-west of Middle Uplift in Tarim Basin, and the target layer is Cambrian carbonate. According to the tasks and aims of this paper, combined the present study situation of carbonate in and aboard, directed by the theories of Vail’s classic sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and other subjects, integrated these data of drilling, logging, palaeontology and seismic, the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies researches of Cambrian carbonate in study area are developed, the sedimentary facies constitution and interspace distribution is probed, and the sequence-deposition evolution model is built to discuss the main factors which control the sequence development. On the base of researches, combined the area tectonic features and petroleum geology conditions, the reservoir analysis of Cambrian carbonate in study area is proceeded.
Tarim event is the mark of the end of base tectonic evolution of Anti-Cambrian in Tarim basin, and also the mark of the final formation of basin base. It signed the basin entered evolution stage. Affected by that event, on the tectonic background of base uplift in Bachu area, it presented a slow low-uplift. The first act of Caledonian event happened in the end of Sinian and formed a parallel unconformity between Sinian and Cambrian in Bachu-Mid Tarim area, and the seismic boundary is T90. It is an obvious angle unconformity relationship between Cambrian and Anti-Cambrian. The Cambrian on the seismic section is a set of continuous black deflection reflection wave group. The second act of Caledonian event happened in the end of Cambrian, and formed a parallel unconformity between Cambrian and Ordovician. The seismic boundary is T80.
According to the macroscopic description of 10 wells Cambrian cores, on the basis of the sedimentary and logging facies fine analysis, combined the analysis of 5 main well-tie section seismic facies and the fossil organism data, three facies, evaporation platform, restricted platform and open platform are confirmed in the study area. The whole Tarim basin appeared the sedimentary frame of west platform-east basin, and Bachu-Mid Tarim lies in the platform area. Affected by the fluctuation of sea level, Yuertusi formation tidal-plat, Xiaoerbulake formation restricted platform and Wusonggeer formation evaporation platform developed respectively in the study area during the early Cambrian; Shayilike formation open-restricted platform and Awatage formation evaporation platform developed respectively during the mid-Cambrian; the Xiaqiulitage formation restricted platform developed during the late Cambrian. According to the available information, sedimentary subfacies and microfacies are further confirmed, and the facies researches are developed systemly.
Directed by Vail’s classic sequence stratigraphy theory, the Cambrian sequence stratigraphy researches are proceeded in the study area. Combined the analysis of deposition system and tectonic geologic background, the multidisciplinary analysis of mud-logging, well-logging, core-observation, palaeontology and seismic data shows that the Cambrian can be divided into 3 second order super-sequence in Bachu-Mid Tarim area, and each second order sequence boundary is sequence unconformity. And short exposition happened on T90, T82, T81 boundaries. Sedimentary facies planforms are compiled based on second order sequence; sedimentary facies distribution laws are revealed. The paper indicates that the Cambrian carbonate developed successively during each period in study area: the study area showed a shallow upwards carbonate growth succession in lower Cambrian, and evolved a semi-closed restricted-evaporation platform from the early semi-open restricted platform. After short exposition, a small transgression happened in Mid-Cambrian, and the study area evolved a semi-closed restricted-evaporation platform from the early semi-open restricted platform again. During the upper Cambrian, the sea level rose, and a huge set of dolomites deposition restricted platform developed in the study area.
On the basis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies researches, combined the area tectonic features and petroleum geology conditions, it is suggested that in the southwest of Mid Tarim which adhered with Bachu area, north-west rift structure developed exceedingly, providing good conditions for the formation of fracture reservoirs.
引文
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