柴达木盆地西部地区第三系沉积相研究
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摘要
本论文采用地质与地球物理研究相结合,野外剖面观测、岩心观察描述与室内分
析鉴定相结合,资料统计、单因素分析与综合作图相结合的研究思路,深入研究了柴
达木盆地西部地区第三纪沉积相类型及其空间分布规律,恢复了柴达木盆地西部地区
第三纪的沉积演化历史,从宏观角度揭示了沉积相的平面分布、纵向演化及生油洼陷
的迁移演化规律,并对有利砂体进行了预测。
首先,在对大量岩心宏观和微观特征描述的基础上,从岩石学特征、粒度分布特
征、沉积构造特征、遗迹化石特征以及测井相特征等五方面,总结出研究区的各类沉
积相的相标志,为沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。
其次,通过对相标志的识别和对反映沉积相纵向演化的基干剖面的分析,总结出
研究区发育了冲积扇相、河流相、扇三角洲相、三角洲相、湖泊相、湖底扇相以及风
暴沉积等沉积相类型。各种沉积相在空间上有规律分布,其中冲积扇主要发育在阿尔
金斜坡带和祁漫塔格山前,扇三角洲相主要发育在阿尔金斜坡西段,三角洲相主要发
育在跃进、东柴山、黄石以及大风山地区,河流相广泛分布在尕斯库勒和牛鼻子梁地
区,其他地区则发育了湖泊相沉积。
再次,在基干剖面研究的基础上,对6条连井沉积相剖面进行了对比研究,建立
了研究区的沉积格架;依据定量沉积相编图的原则和方法,根据研究区砂砾岩厚度、
砂岩厚度、砂砾岩百分含量以及砂岩百分含量的变化规律;总结出了柴达木盆地西部
地区第三纪沉积相的平面分布特征以及垂向演化特征,重塑了研究区第三纪的古地理
面貌。
最后,根据泥岩的颜色分区特征和半深湖-深湖相沉积发育的位置,分析了研究
区沉积中心的位置及其迁移规律,并结合构造背景分析、砂体展布规律及其物性特征,
对有利储积相带进行了预测。
Integrating geology and geophysics, the observation and description of outcrop and drilling core, and through the analysis of single factor with synthesize factor drawing, the article studies sedimentary facies and its space distribution in Tertiary in West Qaidam Basin, recover its sedimentary evolution history and distribution. The change of the hydrocarbon resource centre in macroscopic aspects, at the same time, the most prospective sandstone bodies were forecast.Firstly, based on the observation and description of a large number of drilling cores in macroscopic and microcosmic aspects, facies marks are summarised, which supplied from the characteristics of lithology, distribution of grain size, sedimentary structvure, ichnology and logging facies.Secondly, through the identification of facies marks and the analysis of sedimentary facies cross sections, alluvial fan, river, fan delta, delta, lake, sublacustrine fan and tempestite sediment environment have been developed in West Chaidam Basin. Alluvial fan develops in the front of Altun slope. Fan delta distributes in the west of Altun slope. Delta develops in Yunjin, Dongchaishan, Huangshi and Dafengshan area. River distributes widely in Gasikule, Niubiziliang area. In the other place, lake develops.Thirdly, based on the study of cross sections, the article sets up sedimentary framework in the area by correlation six sedimentary facies cross sections.Aaccording to the principle of gravel depth contour diagrams, sandstone depth contour diagrams, percentage of gravel contour diagrams, percentage of sandstone contour diagrams and method of quantificational sedimentary facies, The distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies have been summarized, and meanwhile the paleogeography been recovered for Tertiary formation in West Qaidam Basin.Lastly, the article analyzes the situation of sedimentary center and its transferring regularity based on mudstone color-zoning's characteristic, developing situation of shallow-deep lake and deep lake, forecasts the promising sandstone reservoirs by integrating analysis of tectonic setting and physical characteristics of sandstone bodies.
析鉴定相结合,资料统计、单因素分析与综合作图相结合的研究思路,深入研究了柴
达木盆地西部地区第三纪沉积相类型及其空间分布规律,恢复了柴达木盆地西部地区
第三纪的沉积演化历史,从宏观角度揭示了沉积相的平面分布、纵向演化及生油洼陷
的迁移演化规律,并对有利砂体进行了预测。
首先,在对大量岩心宏观和微观特征描述的基础上,从岩石学特征、粒度分布特
征、沉积构造特征、遗迹化石特征以及测井相特征等五方面,总结出研究区的各类沉
积相的相标志,为沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。
其次,通过对相标志的识别和对反映沉积相纵向演化的基干剖面的分析,总结出
研究区发育了冲积扇相、河流相、扇三角洲相、三角洲相、湖泊相、湖底扇相以及风
暴沉积等沉积相类型。各种沉积相在空间上有规律分布,其中冲积扇主要发育在阿尔
金斜坡带和祁漫塔格山前,扇三角洲相主要发育在阿尔金斜坡西段,三角洲相主要发
育在跃进、东柴山、黄石以及大风山地区,河流相广泛分布在尕斯库勒和牛鼻子梁地
区,其他地区则发育了湖泊相沉积。
再次,在基干剖面研究的基础上,对6条连井沉积相剖面进行了对比研究,建立
了研究区的沉积格架;依据定量沉积相编图的原则和方法,根据研究区砂砾岩厚度、
砂岩厚度、砂砾岩百分含量以及砂岩百分含量的变化规律;总结出了柴达木盆地西部
地区第三纪沉积相的平面分布特征以及垂向演化特征,重塑了研究区第三纪的古地理
面貌。
最后,根据泥岩的颜色分区特征和半深湖-深湖相沉积发育的位置,分析了研究
区沉积中心的位置及其迁移规律,并结合构造背景分析、砂体展布规律及其物性特征,
对有利储积相带进行了预测。
Integrating geology and geophysics, the observation and description of outcrop and drilling core, and through the analysis of single factor with synthesize factor drawing, the article studies sedimentary facies and its space distribution in Tertiary in West Qaidam Basin, recover its sedimentary evolution history and distribution. The change of the hydrocarbon resource centre in macroscopic aspects, at the same time, the most prospective sandstone bodies were forecast.Firstly, based on the observation and description of a large number of drilling cores in macroscopic and microcosmic aspects, facies marks are summarised, which supplied from the characteristics of lithology, distribution of grain size, sedimentary structvure, ichnology and logging facies.Secondly, through the identification of facies marks and the analysis of sedimentary facies cross sections, alluvial fan, river, fan delta, delta, lake, sublacustrine fan and tempestite sediment environment have been developed in West Chaidam Basin. Alluvial fan develops in the front of Altun slope. Fan delta distributes in the west of Altun slope. Delta develops in Yunjin, Dongchaishan, Huangshi and Dafengshan area. River distributes widely in Gasikule, Niubiziliang area. In the other place, lake develops.Thirdly, based on the study of cross sections, the article sets up sedimentary framework in the area by correlation six sedimentary facies cross sections.Aaccording to the principle of gravel depth contour diagrams, sandstone depth contour diagrams, percentage of gravel contour diagrams, percentage of sandstone contour diagrams and method of quantificational sedimentary facies, The distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies have been summarized, and meanwhile the paleogeography been recovered for Tertiary formation in West Qaidam Basin.Lastly, the article analyzes the situation of sedimentary center and its transferring regularity based on mudstone color-zoning's characteristic, developing situation of shallow-deep lake and deep lake, forecasts the promising sandstone reservoirs by integrating analysis of tectonic setting and physical characteristics of sandstone bodies.
引文
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