南海北部陆缘碳酸盐台地地球物理特征研究
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摘要
现今世界上发现大型油气藏有四分之三为碳酸盐岩储层,在我国南海北部陆缘的生物礁碳酸盐台地发育,自中新世以来大量发育,其中以珠江口盆地东沙隆起区碳酸盐岩最为典型,是一类非常重要的油气储层。由于碳酸盐岩物性的复杂性和发育的特殊性,研究碳酸盐物性特征及其发育造成的非均质性,具有重要的理论和实际意义。
本文主要通过对南海北部陆缘地震资料进行分析并结合区域地质资料,进行精细的井震标定,研究南海北部珠江口盆地的层序地层演化,重点对东沙隆起生物礁碳酸盐台地的地球物理特征进行了研究,同时还初步探讨了东沙隆起区生物礁碳酸盐非均质性,通过地震属性分析和测井地震联合反演进行了较为精细的刻画。
取得以下成果及认识:
1)地震反射特征上,生物礁碳酸盐岩台地表现为顶、底强振幅反射,在顶部和底部为强轴正反射,在东沙隆起区内部反射表现为强弱相间反射,同相轴横向上相对不连续,存在纵向上较为严重的错断和尖灭。
2)地球物理特征上,研究区生物礁碳酸盐台地表现为强波阻抗大于9000m/s*g/cc,相对于上覆泥岩和下部砂岩明显的高速度变化,伽马曲线上表现为低值,反射系数和振幅包络属性能够较好的刻画碳酸盐岩边界。
3)东沙隆起区碳酸盐非均质性刻画,通过大量的属性分析运算和实验,得出地震振幅类属性,能够较好的刻画碳酸盐非均质性,通过精细的地震地质解释,得出均方根振幅、平均反射能量和相干体层切片等属性可以用来刻画碳酸盐台地平面的非均质性,在地震属性分析和反演基础上对剖面属性进行了进一步的刻画。
Three quarters of world's major oil and gas reservoirs was found in carbonate reservoirs .the reef carbonate platform is much developed in continental margin zone of the northern South China Sea, Since the Miocene the reef carbonate is development, and developed very quickly in this area. Dongsha massif in the East Pearl River Mouth Basin is the most typical area, and the carbonate in this area is a very important class of hydrocarbon reservoirs. As the complexity of carbonate properties and special development, the study of physical properties of carbonate rocks and the heterogeneity resulting in the process of development, which is with important theoretical and practical significance.
In this thesis, Made a study of the seismic sequence of the northern margin of the South China Sea combined with regional geological data, seismic calibration with wells were fine, do much work of the evolution of sequence stratigraphy of the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea. And my emphasis is upon the study of the physical characteristics of Dongsha massif carbonate platform, meanwhile discussed the heterogeneity of Dongsha massif carbonate rocks, by the analysis of the seismic attribute and seismic inversion with logging, doing some precise characterization of the heterogeneity of the reef carbonate. Get the following conclusion:
1 ) In terms of the seismic reflection characteristics, carbonate platform performance is for the high amplitude reflection on top and bottom, the strong event at the top and bottom for is regular reflection. reflection of the area in Dongsha massif showed the internal of the strength and weak reflection, the event is horizontally relatively discontinuous, there is serious dislocation horizontal and the vertical
2)Geophysical characteristics of the study area, carbonate platform was strongly acousic impedance is greater than 9000(m / s)*(g / cc) ,in the part of lower speed changes, relative to the overlying shale and the lower sandstone ,The results show that there had probably existed a low-velocity anomalous region, the gamma curve expressed as low value, reflection coefficient and amplitude envelope attribute can be better used to characterize carbonate boundary.
3) the seismic amplitude class properties can better used to characterize the heterogeneity characteristic of carbonate platform in Dongsha massif through a large number operations and experiments of seismic characteristic. By precise accuracy geological interpretation of the seismic, there are RMS amplitude, the average reflected energy and the properties such as coherence tomography slice can be used to characterize distributional characteristics of the carbonate heterogeneity , the seismic attribute analysis and inversion profile on the basis of further characterization of properties are researched.
本文主要通过对南海北部陆缘地震资料进行分析并结合区域地质资料,进行精细的井震标定,研究南海北部珠江口盆地的层序地层演化,重点对东沙隆起生物礁碳酸盐台地的地球物理特征进行了研究,同时还初步探讨了东沙隆起区生物礁碳酸盐非均质性,通过地震属性分析和测井地震联合反演进行了较为精细的刻画。
取得以下成果及认识:
1)地震反射特征上,生物礁碳酸盐岩台地表现为顶、底强振幅反射,在顶部和底部为强轴正反射,在东沙隆起区内部反射表现为强弱相间反射,同相轴横向上相对不连续,存在纵向上较为严重的错断和尖灭。
2)地球物理特征上,研究区生物礁碳酸盐台地表现为强波阻抗大于9000m/s*g/cc,相对于上覆泥岩和下部砂岩明显的高速度变化,伽马曲线上表现为低值,反射系数和振幅包络属性能够较好的刻画碳酸盐岩边界。
3)东沙隆起区碳酸盐非均质性刻画,通过大量的属性分析运算和实验,得出地震振幅类属性,能够较好的刻画碳酸盐非均质性,通过精细的地震地质解释,得出均方根振幅、平均反射能量和相干体层切片等属性可以用来刻画碳酸盐台地平面的非均质性,在地震属性分析和反演基础上对剖面属性进行了进一步的刻画。
Three quarters of world's major oil and gas reservoirs was found in carbonate reservoirs .the reef carbonate platform is much developed in continental margin zone of the northern South China Sea, Since the Miocene the reef carbonate is development, and developed very quickly in this area. Dongsha massif in the East Pearl River Mouth Basin is the most typical area, and the carbonate in this area is a very important class of hydrocarbon reservoirs. As the complexity of carbonate properties and special development, the study of physical properties of carbonate rocks and the heterogeneity resulting in the process of development, which is with important theoretical and practical significance.
In this thesis, Made a study of the seismic sequence of the northern margin of the South China Sea combined with regional geological data, seismic calibration with wells were fine, do much work of the evolution of sequence stratigraphy of the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea. And my emphasis is upon the study of the physical characteristics of Dongsha massif carbonate platform, meanwhile discussed the heterogeneity of Dongsha massif carbonate rocks, by the analysis of the seismic attribute and seismic inversion with logging, doing some precise characterization of the heterogeneity of the reef carbonate. Get the following conclusion:
1 ) In terms of the seismic reflection characteristics, carbonate platform performance is for the high amplitude reflection on top and bottom, the strong event at the top and bottom for is regular reflection. reflection of the area in Dongsha massif showed the internal of the strength and weak reflection, the event is horizontally relatively discontinuous, there is serious dislocation horizontal and the vertical
2)Geophysical characteristics of the study area, carbonate platform was strongly acousic impedance is greater than 9000(m / s)*(g / cc) ,in the part of lower speed changes, relative to the overlying shale and the lower sandstone ,The results show that there had probably existed a low-velocity anomalous region, the gamma curve expressed as low value, reflection coefficient and amplitude envelope attribute can be better used to characterize carbonate boundary.
3) the seismic amplitude class properties can better used to characterize the heterogeneity characteristic of carbonate platform in Dongsha massif through a large number operations and experiments of seismic characteristic. By precise accuracy geological interpretation of the seismic, there are RMS amplitude, the average reflected energy and the properties such as coherence tomography slice can be used to characterize distributional characteristics of the carbonate heterogeneity , the seismic attribute analysis and inversion profile on the basis of further characterization of properties are researched.
引文
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