珠江口盆地东沙隆起生物礁碳酸盐岩沉积演化及储层特征
|
摘要
世界生物礁油气资源非常丰富,随着生物礁油气勘探开发的不断深入,生物礁油气探明储量和产量不断增加,所占比重越来越大。南海是我国最大的边缘海,其特殊的构造背景、多种类型礁的发育和良好的生储盖组合等都决定了南海生物礁油气勘探的广阔前景。
南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,其在形成演化过程中出现了有利于生物礁生长发育的环境。东沙隆起在中新世时期属于浅海环境,远离物源区,温度、盐度和水深适宜生物礁的生长和发育。通过地震资料的解释、测井、岩心资料的综合分析并与相对海平面变化曲线对比,认为东沙隆起发育有大量规模不等的生物礁,且其发育演化与相对海平面变化曲线和区域构造演化阶段可以对应起来。相对海平面的旋回性变化和复杂的构造演化过程结合,使得研究区生物礁具有较好的孔渗性,可以成为有潜力的油气储层。
根据相对海平面的变化曲线,生物礁的发育演化分为四个阶段:海平面缓慢上升阶段;海平面快速上升阶段;海平面保持稳定-海平面的下降阶段;新一轮的海侵过程。LH11-1-1A井的储层孔隙类型包括粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、铸模孔和裂缝等。
Hydrocarbon resource distributing in the organic reef areas all over the world is so rich that it is estimated that it will exceed 5 billion tons of oil. With continuous development of the oil exploration and production, hydrocarbon resource in bioherm reservoirs will increase greatly. The recent oil exploration situation of bioherm reservoirs in the world is reviewed. South China Sea is the largest marginal sea in China and various kinds of organic reefs existed and buried in it. The peculiar geological conditions and the favorable bioherm reservoir conditions contribute to a good prospect for oil exploration.
The South China Sea is the biggest marginal sea in the West Pacific and its evolutionary process supply proper growing environment to the reef. Dongsha massif was the shallow water and far from provenance supply area in the Miocene,its temperature, salinity and water depth were fit for the reef growth.According to the multidisciplinary analysis of seismic data interpretation, well logging and core data,conbining to the relative sea level curve of variation,we hold the point that plent of reef developed in Dongsha Massif,and their growth was correspondent to the relative sea level curve of variation and areal structure evolution period. The relative sea level cycling variation and the complicated structure evolution made reef in the study area had good poroperm characteristics,and became potential gas and oil reservoir.
According to the relative sea level curve of variation, the development of reefs evolution is divided into four stages: sea-level slow rise stage; Sea-level rise fast stage; Sea level remained stable - sea-level drop stage; A new round of transgression process. The reservoir types of LH11-1-1A Wells included interparticle pore, intracrystal pore, intercrystal pore,moldic pore and crack, etc.
南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,其在形成演化过程中出现了有利于生物礁生长发育的环境。东沙隆起在中新世时期属于浅海环境,远离物源区,温度、盐度和水深适宜生物礁的生长和发育。通过地震资料的解释、测井、岩心资料的综合分析并与相对海平面变化曲线对比,认为东沙隆起发育有大量规模不等的生物礁,且其发育演化与相对海平面变化曲线和区域构造演化阶段可以对应起来。相对海平面的旋回性变化和复杂的构造演化过程结合,使得研究区生物礁具有较好的孔渗性,可以成为有潜力的油气储层。
根据相对海平面的变化曲线,生物礁的发育演化分为四个阶段:海平面缓慢上升阶段;海平面快速上升阶段;海平面保持稳定-海平面的下降阶段;新一轮的海侵过程。LH11-1-1A井的储层孔隙类型包括粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、铸模孔和裂缝等。
Hydrocarbon resource distributing in the organic reef areas all over the world is so rich that it is estimated that it will exceed 5 billion tons of oil. With continuous development of the oil exploration and production, hydrocarbon resource in bioherm reservoirs will increase greatly. The recent oil exploration situation of bioherm reservoirs in the world is reviewed. South China Sea is the largest marginal sea in China and various kinds of organic reefs existed and buried in it. The peculiar geological conditions and the favorable bioherm reservoir conditions contribute to a good prospect for oil exploration.
The South China Sea is the biggest marginal sea in the West Pacific and its evolutionary process supply proper growing environment to the reef. Dongsha massif was the shallow water and far from provenance supply area in the Miocene,its temperature, salinity and water depth were fit for the reef growth.According to the multidisciplinary analysis of seismic data interpretation, well logging and core data,conbining to the relative sea level curve of variation,we hold the point that plent of reef developed in Dongsha Massif,and their growth was correspondent to the relative sea level curve of variation and areal structure evolution period. The relative sea level cycling variation and the complicated structure evolution made reef in the study area had good poroperm characteristics,and became potential gas and oil reservoir.
According to the relative sea level curve of variation, the development of reefs evolution is divided into four stages: sea-level slow rise stage; Sea-level rise fast stage; Sea level remained stable - sea-level drop stage; A new round of transgression process. The reservoir types of LH11-1-1A Wells included interparticle pore, intracrystal pore, intercrystal pore,moldic pore and crack, etc.
引文
Dickson J A D, Coleman M L. Changes in carbon and oxygen isotope composition during limestone diagenesis. Sedimentology, 1980, 27:107-118
Dominic E, Keith M. Sequence Stratigraphy. BP Exploration, Stockley Park, Uxbridge, London, 1996: 211-257
Schmidt V, Klement K W. Early diagenetic origin of reef framework in the Permian Capitan reef complex, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas and New Mexico. VIII
Internat. Sedim. Congr., Heidelberg. Program with Abstacts, 1971, p89
Schmidt V, McDonald D A, McIlraeth I A. Growth and diagenesis of Middle Devonian Keg River cementation reefs, Rainbow Field, Alberta. In: Halley, R.B., Loucks, R.G. (Eds.), Carbonate Reservoir Rocks, vol. 1. SEPM Notes, Workshop, Tulsa, 1980: 43- 63
Vail P R. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation using sequence stratigraphy, Part I: seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure, in: Bally, A.W. (Ed.), Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy, AAPG Studies in Geology, 1987, 27(1): 1-10
Wu S G, Yuan S Q, Zhang G C, et al. Seismic interpretation of reef carbonate reservoir and hydrocarbon implication in the deepwater Area of Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(6): 817-823.
Wu S G, Xu N, Guo J H, et al. Balanced cross section for restoration of tectonic evolution in the southwest Okinawa trough. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 18(1): 1-10
Zampetti V, Schlager W, Konijnenburg J H V, et al. Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate plateform from 3D seismic reflection data: Luconia province, offshore sarawak, Malaysia. Marine and petroleum geology, 2004, 21: 517-534
Zampetti V, Schlager W, Van-Konijnenburg J H, et al. Depositional history and origin of porosity in a Miocene carbonate platform of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. Bulletin Geological Society of Malaysia, 2003. 47: 139-152
陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征.海洋地质动态,2003,19(8): 32-37
陈斯忠,胡平忠.珠江口盆地第三纪生物礁及其找油意义.中国海上油气, 1987, 1(1): 3-10
陈志勇,张启明.南海北部大陆架西区陆坡的形成与演化.石油勘探与开发, 1992, 19 (1): 1-6
范嘉松.世界碳酸盐岩油气田的储层特征及其成藏的主要控制因素,2005(9): 23-30.
范嘉松,田树刚,吴亚生.东昆仑阿尔格二叠纪生物礁的特征及其古地理古气侯的意义.古地理学报, 2004, 6 (3) : 329 - 338
范嘉松,吴亚生.世界二叠纪生物礁的基本特征及其古地理分布.古地理学报, 2005, 7 (3) : 287 - 304
冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M ].北京:石油工业出版社, 1991, p300
顾家裕.塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层特征及形成模式.古地理学报, 1999, 1 (1) : 54 - 60
顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型特征及主控因素,古地理学报,2009,11(1): 21-27
顾家裕,张兴阳,罗平等.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26 (3): 277-282
高志前、樊太亮、焦志锋等,塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征,沉积学报,2006,24(1): 19-27
龚再升,李思田等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997, p510
龚再升,杨甲明,郝芳,等.莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地成藏条件的比较及天然气勘探方向.地球科学(中国地质大学学报), 2001, 26 (3): 284-290
何家雄,夏斌,孙东山,等.琼东南盆地油气成藏组合、运聚规律与勘探方向分析. 石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33 (1): 53-58
何起祥,张明书.中国西沙礁相地质.北京:科学出版社,1986, p182
何仕斌,张功成,米立军等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型及沉积演化.石油学报, 2007, 28(5): 51-56
胡忠平.油气勘探中的生物礁地震-地质解释.南海东部石油,1998,36(1):1-15 江茂生,沙庆安.碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积体系研究进展.地球科学进展,1995, 10 (6) : 551-554
江茂生,沙庆安,刘敏.华北地台中下寒武统碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积.沉积学报, 1996, 14: 71-73
林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥等.莺--琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景.科学通报, 2001, 46 (1): 69-72
李思田,林畅松,张启明等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,1998,43(8): 797-810
刘绍文,施小斌等,南海成因机制及北部岩石圈热-流变结构研究紧张.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006(8),26(4): 117-124
李祥辉,刘文均,郑荣才.龙门山地区泥盆纪碳酸盐与硅质碎屑的混积相与混积机理.岩相古地理, 1997, 17 (3) : 1-10
李绪宣,钟志洪,董伟良等.琼东南盆地古近纪裂陷构造特征及其动力学机制.石油勘探与开发, 2006 ,33 (6): 713-721
马玉波,吴时国,许建龙等,琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷生物礁及碳酸盐岩台地发育模式.天然气地球科学,2009, 20(1): 119-124
邱燕,陈泓君.南海新生代第三纪生物礁层序地层学分析.南海地质研究,武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1999,(11):53-66.
邱燕,王英民.南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境.海洋地质与第四纪,2001,21(1): 65-73
邱燕,南海第三纪生物礁及其含油气性,南海地质研究,2002,13:41-54
邱燕,陈泓君.南海新生代第三纪生物礁层序地层学分析.南海地质研究,武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1999,(11):53-66
王国忠,吕炳全,全松青.现代碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积作用-涠洲岛珊瑚岸礁实例.石油与天然气地质. 1987,8(1):15-25
王国忠,南海北部大陆架现代礁源碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积作用,古地理学报,2001,3(2):47-54
魏魁生,崔旱云,叶淑芬等.琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学.地球科学:中国地质大学学报[J],2001,26(1): 59-66
魏喜,西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景,地质出版社, 2007, 123pp
魏喜,贾承造,孟卫工等.西沙海域新近纪以来生物礁分布规律及油气勘探方向探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3): 308-312
魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气藏潜力分析. 地学前缘, 2005,12(3): 245-252
吴时国.海底构造学导论.北京:科学出版社,2006.
吴时国,袁圣强。世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景.天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(6): 693-699
吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬等,南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2): 117-121
姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.大南海地区新生代板块构造活动.中国地质, 2004, 31(2): 113-122
姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes D E等.中美合作调研南海地质专报.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994,p204
姚伯初.南海北部陆缘新生代构造运动初探.南海地质研究,1993, 5: 1-12
杨朝青,沙庆安.云南曲靖中泥盆统曲靖组的沉积环境:一种陆源碎屑与海相碳酸盐的混合沉积.沉积学报,1990 , (8) 2 :59-66;
岳大力,吴胜和,林承焰等.流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏沉积一成岩演化模式,石油与天然气地质,2005(8),26(4):518~529.
姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国等,琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6): 685-691;
Dominic E, Keith M. Sequence Stratigraphy. BP Exploration, Stockley Park, Uxbridge, London, 1996: 211-257
Schmidt V, Klement K W. Early diagenetic origin of reef framework in the Permian Capitan reef complex, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas and New Mexico. VIII
Internat. Sedim. Congr., Heidelberg. Program with Abstacts, 1971, p89
Schmidt V, McDonald D A, McIlraeth I A. Growth and diagenesis of Middle Devonian Keg River cementation reefs, Rainbow Field, Alberta. In: Halley, R.B., Loucks, R.G. (Eds.), Carbonate Reservoir Rocks, vol. 1. SEPM Notes, Workshop, Tulsa, 1980: 43- 63
Vail P R. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation using sequence stratigraphy, Part I: seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure, in: Bally, A.W. (Ed.), Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy, AAPG Studies in Geology, 1987, 27(1): 1-10
Wu S G, Yuan S Q, Zhang G C, et al. Seismic interpretation of reef carbonate reservoir and hydrocarbon implication in the deepwater Area of Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(6): 817-823.
Wu S G, Xu N, Guo J H, et al. Balanced cross section for restoration of tectonic evolution in the southwest Okinawa trough. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 18(1): 1-10
Zampetti V, Schlager W, Konijnenburg J H V, et al. Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate plateform from 3D seismic reflection data: Luconia province, offshore sarawak, Malaysia. Marine and petroleum geology, 2004, 21: 517-534
Zampetti V, Schlager W, Van-Konijnenburg J H, et al. Depositional history and origin of porosity in a Miocene carbonate platform of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. Bulletin Geological Society of Malaysia, 2003. 47: 139-152
陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征.海洋地质动态,2003,19(8): 32-37
陈斯忠,胡平忠.珠江口盆地第三纪生物礁及其找油意义.中国海上油气, 1987, 1(1): 3-10
陈志勇,张启明.南海北部大陆架西区陆坡的形成与演化.石油勘探与开发, 1992, 19 (1): 1-6
范嘉松.世界碳酸盐岩油气田的储层特征及其成藏的主要控制因素,2005(9): 23-30.
范嘉松,田树刚,吴亚生.东昆仑阿尔格二叠纪生物礁的特征及其古地理古气侯的意义.古地理学报, 2004, 6 (3) : 329 - 338
范嘉松,吴亚生.世界二叠纪生物礁的基本特征及其古地理分布.古地理学报, 2005, 7 (3) : 287 - 304
冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M ].北京:石油工业出版社, 1991, p300
顾家裕.塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层特征及形成模式.古地理学报, 1999, 1 (1) : 54 - 60
顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型特征及主控因素,古地理学报,2009,11(1): 21-27
顾家裕,张兴阳,罗平等.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26 (3): 277-282
高志前、樊太亮、焦志锋等,塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征,沉积学报,2006,24(1): 19-27
龚再升,李思田等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997, p510
龚再升,杨甲明,郝芳,等.莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地成藏条件的比较及天然气勘探方向.地球科学(中国地质大学学报), 2001, 26 (3): 284-290
何家雄,夏斌,孙东山,等.琼东南盆地油气成藏组合、运聚规律与勘探方向分析. 石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33 (1): 53-58
何起祥,张明书.中国西沙礁相地质.北京:科学出版社,1986, p182
何仕斌,张功成,米立军等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型及沉积演化.石油学报, 2007, 28(5): 51-56
胡忠平.油气勘探中的生物礁地震-地质解释.南海东部石油,1998,36(1):1-15 江茂生,沙庆安.碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积体系研究进展.地球科学进展,1995, 10 (6) : 551-554
江茂生,沙庆安,刘敏.华北地台中下寒武统碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积.沉积学报, 1996, 14: 71-73
林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥等.莺--琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景.科学通报, 2001, 46 (1): 69-72
李思田,林畅松,张启明等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,1998,43(8): 797-810
刘绍文,施小斌等,南海成因机制及北部岩石圈热-流变结构研究紧张.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006(8),26(4): 117-124
李祥辉,刘文均,郑荣才.龙门山地区泥盆纪碳酸盐与硅质碎屑的混积相与混积机理.岩相古地理, 1997, 17 (3) : 1-10
李绪宣,钟志洪,董伟良等.琼东南盆地古近纪裂陷构造特征及其动力学机制.石油勘探与开发, 2006 ,33 (6): 713-721
马玉波,吴时国,许建龙等,琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷生物礁及碳酸盐岩台地发育模式.天然气地球科学,2009, 20(1): 119-124
邱燕,陈泓君.南海新生代第三纪生物礁层序地层学分析.南海地质研究,武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1999,(11):53-66.
邱燕,王英民.南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境.海洋地质与第四纪,2001,21(1): 65-73
邱燕,南海第三纪生物礁及其含油气性,南海地质研究,2002,13:41-54
邱燕,陈泓君.南海新生代第三纪生物礁层序地层学分析.南海地质研究,武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1999,(11):53-66
王国忠,吕炳全,全松青.现代碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积作用-涠洲岛珊瑚岸礁实例.石油与天然气地质. 1987,8(1):15-25
王国忠,南海北部大陆架现代礁源碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积作用,古地理学报,2001,3(2):47-54
魏魁生,崔旱云,叶淑芬等.琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学.地球科学:中国地质大学学报[J],2001,26(1): 59-66
魏喜,西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景,地质出版社, 2007, 123pp
魏喜,贾承造,孟卫工等.西沙海域新近纪以来生物礁分布规律及油气勘探方向探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3): 308-312
魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气藏潜力分析. 地学前缘, 2005,12(3): 245-252
吴时国.海底构造学导论.北京:科学出版社,2006.
吴时国,袁圣强。世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景.天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(6): 693-699
吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬等,南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2): 117-121
姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.大南海地区新生代板块构造活动.中国地质, 2004, 31(2): 113-122
姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes D E等.中美合作调研南海地质专报.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994,p204
姚伯初.南海北部陆缘新生代构造运动初探.南海地质研究,1993, 5: 1-12
杨朝青,沙庆安.云南曲靖中泥盆统曲靖组的沉积环境:一种陆源碎屑与海相碳酸盐的混合沉积.沉积学报,1990 , (8) 2 :59-66;
岳大力,吴胜和,林承焰等.流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏沉积一成岩演化模式,石油与天然气地质,2005(8),26(4):518~529.
姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国等,琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6): 685-691;