湛江港海域悬浮颗粒物碳同位素时空分布及污染物来源示踪研究
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摘要
近岸海域是与人类活动及社会发展关系最为密切的地带。气候变化和人类活动等环境变化因素给近岸海域生态系统带来重大的影响,主要表现在入海径流量、生源要素和污染物入海造成富营养化和环境污染,进而影响到生物资源和人类自身的安全。湛江港正是处于这样的近岸海域地带,故对其的研究就显得十分重要。
近年来,湛江港海域由于经济社会的发展,经济活动的增多,尤其是交通运输业、石油加工业以及港内养殖业等快速发展,使得其生态环境正承受着多方污染日益增大的压力,海域污染日趋严重,环境问题日益增多,赤潮等灾害也时有发生,生态环境的健康安全令人堪忧,生态环境治理已经成为社会各界关注的焦点。
海洋悬浮颗粒物的组成及来源的研究为生物学、生态学、地球化学及沉积学提供了重要的信息,因为各种海洋环境因素影响下形成的悬浮颗粒物,可以有选择性地蓄积很多元素,并且是沉积物形成的初级阶段。
本研究通过湛江港海域悬浮颗粒物的碳同位素组成及时空分布规律研究,探讨湛江港海域污染物的主要来源及排污口分布状况的同位素示踪方法,以期为海湾渔业生态环境污染治理提供科学依据。
本论文分别于2009年2月、5月、8月、12月在湛江港海域的8个断面24个站点及三个排污口站点采集表层水样,测定其悬浮颗粒物的稳定碳同位素值,同时还测定其水温、pH值、盐度、叶绿素a、氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮等环境因素。对测定结果进行分析比较,从而分析海域的悬浮颗粒物组成及时空分布规律,探讨污染物来源的问题。主要结果如下:
1、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值具有显著的季节变化。而季节变化是其物质来源季节变化的反应,所以可得出,不同季节中悬浮颗粒物的来源不相同。
2、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值呈现沿岸亏损重同位素、向外海逐步富集的趋势,可得出,悬浮颗粒物受陆源输入和海洋生物生产共同影响并有一定差异。悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值的地区分异就反映出陆源和海源有机质输入量在沿岸分布上的消长变化。
3、研究中的排污口站点悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值亏损严重,这是因为污水的输入会使悬浮颗粒物的碳同位素值亏损重同位素的原因。
4、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值与基本环境因素之间具有密切的关系,具有显著的相关性。不同季节、站点的相关性有所不同。表层海水以光合作用为主导因素影响δ13C值变化的动态过程,同时也是消耗营养盐导致其浓度变化的动态过程,因此,与叶绿素a、营养盐的相关性较为重要。
5、研究海域的悬浮颗粒物受陆源和海洋源的双重影响,且陆源影响较大,人为因素的影响加大,因此,该海域的环境质量状况应引起高度重视。
Offshore area is most closely zone with human activities. Environment variables such as climatic change and human activities brings major impact to offshore area ecosystem. Mainly displays at it crates eutrophication and environment pollution that runoff into the sea , biogenic elements and pollutant into the sea. Thereby affecting its biological resources and human security. Zhanjiang harbor exactly locates in this offshore area zone, so it is very important to its research.
In recent years, due to economic development and increased economic and society activity, especially transportion, oil processing industry and aquaculture rapid growth, makes the environment of Zhanjiang harbor under the pressure of increasing multi-pollution. Some disasters such as marine pollution worsening, environment problem increasing and red tide happen occasionally.?The environment is worrying the health and safety of human. So the ecological environment has become the focus of the community.
The research of constitute and source of marine suspended particulate matter provides important information for Biology, Ecology, Geochemistry and Sedimentology. Because suspended particulate matter form under various marine environmental factors influence can selectively accumulate a lot of elements and is the initial stage of sediment formation.
This study through Zhanjiang harbor carbon isotopic composition of suspended particulate matter and spatial and temporal distribution law research probe Zhanjiang harbor of the main sources of marine pollution and sewage discharge distribution of the isotope tracer method, to provide scientific basis for Gulf fisheries of environmental pollution control.
In this thesis, we collected surface water samples respectively were in February, May, August, and December in 2009 in 8 section of 24 sites in Zhanjiang harbor, and measured stable carbon isotope values of suspended particulate matter. Simultaneously measured some environmental factor such as water temperature, pH, salinity, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite. Compared with the determination results, we analyze the composition of the suspended particulate matter, the spatial and temporal distribution law and discuss the problems of pollution sources of research sea area. The main results are as follows:
1. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter were significant seasonal variation. And seasonal changes is response to seasonal variation of its source material, so can be drawn sources of suspended particulate matter in different seasons is different.
2. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter present the trend of along coastal area is deficit of heavy isotopes, and gradual accumulation to the open sea. It can be drown suspended particulate matter by the combined effect of terrestrial input and ocean biological production and have some differences. The regional differentiation of theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter reflect the source of terrestrial and marine organic matter input in the distribution along the growth and decline.
3. In this research, theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter in outfall sites were serious losses. This is because the input of effluent will enter the carbon isotope values of suspended particulate matter make the deficit of heavy isotopes.
4. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter has close relationship with basic environmental factors, and has significant correlation. Different seasons and sites has different relevance. Surface water as the leading factors in photosynthesis influence the affect the dynamics of theδ13C values. At the same time, it is the dynamic process of nutrients depletion lead to concentration change. So it is relatively important that the correlation with chlorophyll a and nutrients.
5. The suspended particulate matter of research area has double impact with terrestrial and marine resources. And the impact of terrestrial is more major, the affect of human factors is improving. So the environmental quality status of Zhanjiang harbor area should be receive more close attention.
近年来,湛江港海域由于经济社会的发展,经济活动的增多,尤其是交通运输业、石油加工业以及港内养殖业等快速发展,使得其生态环境正承受着多方污染日益增大的压力,海域污染日趋严重,环境问题日益增多,赤潮等灾害也时有发生,生态环境的健康安全令人堪忧,生态环境治理已经成为社会各界关注的焦点。
海洋悬浮颗粒物的组成及来源的研究为生物学、生态学、地球化学及沉积学提供了重要的信息,因为各种海洋环境因素影响下形成的悬浮颗粒物,可以有选择性地蓄积很多元素,并且是沉积物形成的初级阶段。
本研究通过湛江港海域悬浮颗粒物的碳同位素组成及时空分布规律研究,探讨湛江港海域污染物的主要来源及排污口分布状况的同位素示踪方法,以期为海湾渔业生态环境污染治理提供科学依据。
本论文分别于2009年2月、5月、8月、12月在湛江港海域的8个断面24个站点及三个排污口站点采集表层水样,测定其悬浮颗粒物的稳定碳同位素值,同时还测定其水温、pH值、盐度、叶绿素a、氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮等环境因素。对测定结果进行分析比较,从而分析海域的悬浮颗粒物组成及时空分布规律,探讨污染物来源的问题。主要结果如下:
1、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值具有显著的季节变化。而季节变化是其物质来源季节变化的反应,所以可得出,不同季节中悬浮颗粒物的来源不相同。
2、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值呈现沿岸亏损重同位素、向外海逐步富集的趋势,可得出,悬浮颗粒物受陆源输入和海洋生物生产共同影响并有一定差异。悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值的地区分异就反映出陆源和海源有机质输入量在沿岸分布上的消长变化。
3、研究中的排污口站点悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值亏损严重,这是因为污水的输入会使悬浮颗粒物的碳同位素值亏损重同位素的原因。
4、悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值与基本环境因素之间具有密切的关系,具有显著的相关性。不同季节、站点的相关性有所不同。表层海水以光合作用为主导因素影响δ13C值变化的动态过程,同时也是消耗营养盐导致其浓度变化的动态过程,因此,与叶绿素a、营养盐的相关性较为重要。
5、研究海域的悬浮颗粒物受陆源和海洋源的双重影响,且陆源影响较大,人为因素的影响加大,因此,该海域的环境质量状况应引起高度重视。
Offshore area is most closely zone with human activities. Environment variables such as climatic change and human activities brings major impact to offshore area ecosystem. Mainly displays at it crates eutrophication and environment pollution that runoff into the sea , biogenic elements and pollutant into the sea. Thereby affecting its biological resources and human security. Zhanjiang harbor exactly locates in this offshore area zone, so it is very important to its research.
In recent years, due to economic development and increased economic and society activity, especially transportion, oil processing industry and aquaculture rapid growth, makes the environment of Zhanjiang harbor under the pressure of increasing multi-pollution. Some disasters such as marine pollution worsening, environment problem increasing and red tide happen occasionally.?The environment is worrying the health and safety of human. So the ecological environment has become the focus of the community.
The research of constitute and source of marine suspended particulate matter provides important information for Biology, Ecology, Geochemistry and Sedimentology. Because suspended particulate matter form under various marine environmental factors influence can selectively accumulate a lot of elements and is the initial stage of sediment formation.
This study through Zhanjiang harbor carbon isotopic composition of suspended particulate matter and spatial and temporal distribution law research probe Zhanjiang harbor of the main sources of marine pollution and sewage discharge distribution of the isotope tracer method, to provide scientific basis for Gulf fisheries of environmental pollution control.
In this thesis, we collected surface water samples respectively were in February, May, August, and December in 2009 in 8 section of 24 sites in Zhanjiang harbor, and measured stable carbon isotope values of suspended particulate matter. Simultaneously measured some environmental factor such as water temperature, pH, salinity, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite. Compared with the determination results, we analyze the composition of the suspended particulate matter, the spatial and temporal distribution law and discuss the problems of pollution sources of research sea area. The main results are as follows:
1. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter were significant seasonal variation. And seasonal changes is response to seasonal variation of its source material, so can be drawn sources of suspended particulate matter in different seasons is different.
2. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter present the trend of along coastal area is deficit of heavy isotopes, and gradual accumulation to the open sea. It can be drown suspended particulate matter by the combined effect of terrestrial input and ocean biological production and have some differences. The regional differentiation of theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter reflect the source of terrestrial and marine organic matter input in the distribution along the growth and decline.
3. In this research, theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter in outfall sites were serious losses. This is because the input of effluent will enter the carbon isotope values of suspended particulate matter make the deficit of heavy isotopes.
4. Theδ13C values of suspended particulate matter has close relationship with basic environmental factors, and has significant correlation. Different seasons and sites has different relevance. Surface water as the leading factors in photosynthesis influence the affect the dynamics of theδ13C values. At the same time, it is the dynamic process of nutrients depletion lead to concentration change. So it is relatively important that the correlation with chlorophyll a and nutrients.
5. The suspended particulate matter of research area has double impact with terrestrial and marine resources. And the impact of terrestrial is more major, the affect of human factors is improving. So the environmental quality status of Zhanjiang harbor area should be receive more close attention.
引文
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