鄂尔多斯盆地志丹探区三叠系延长组沉积体系研究
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摘要
本文综合应用沉积学、岩相古地理学及层序地层学等理论和方法,通过野外剖面观察、钻井岩心观察、测井资料解释、薄片鉴定等手段,对志丹探区地区三叠系延长组沉积体系进行了深入的研究。
通过区域对比标志层、野外踏勘资料及层序界面的确定,对研究区延长组进行地层划分。根据构造运动面划分出超长期基准面旋回,在测井剖面上识别层序界面、最大湖泛面、初始湖泛面、准层序、准层序组,并进行体系域及基准面旋回的识别与划分,将延长组划分为一个构造超层序和五个三级沉积层序,进一步分析层序对含油气性的控制作用。
依据区域地质、古流向资料、轻重矿物岩屑分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素(REE)分析及古陆分布特征,对志丹探区延长组的物源进行了研究,认为物源主要来自北东方向,母岩为盆地东北缘太古代及早元古代变质岩。
依据野外剖面露头观察,岩心描述、单井测井相分析和连井剖面对比,结合岩石类型、结构特征、沉积构造、古生物特征、剖面结构、测井相和沉积旋回分析等多种手段,识别出志丹探区延长组沉积体系主要三角洲沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系,划分出5类沉积亚相、16类沉积微相,其中主要发育三角洲前缘亚相
首次详细研究了志丹探区延长组沉积微相和砂体展布特征,认为三角洲前缘水下分流河道和三角洲平原分流河道是志丹探区延长组油气储集的骨架砂体,沉积相决定着砂体的展布规律;在古地理演化过程中,长10-长8为三角洲前缘亚相;长7北部为三角洲前缘,南部发育深湖亚相:长6三角洲发育达到鼎盛时期,发育三角洲前缘;长4+5,长3,长2三角洲逐渐萎缩,其北部为三角洲平原,南部为三角洲前缘及浅湖;长1演化为三角洲平原。并建立了该区缓坡型的浅水三角洲沉积模式。
Apllied with field profile observation,core description,logging data interpretation, thin section identification, reservoir lithology and physical analysis, and some effcective theories of other subjects such as sedimentology, lithofacies- paleogeography, reservoirgeology, and sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentology systerm of Triassic Yanchang Formation of Zhidan region was studied deeply.
By the primary marks of contrast in region, data of reconnaissance in field and interface of sequence stratigraphy, stratum of the oil-containing interval Yanchang formation were devised.Based on the tectonic movement surface, super long-term base level cycles are marked off.All the sequences are identified from logging profiles, including sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surface, first flooding surface, ubsequences and subsequence sets; meanwhile, identified and classified system tracts and datum level cycles, From all the work above, Yanchang Formation are divided into a tectonic supersequence and five pieces of third class sedimentary sequences, which are use to analysis the control of the reserviors.
This paper investigated source of Yanchang formation in Zhidan region, by the study of the regional geology, palaeocurrent direction, light and heavy mineral debris analysis, trace element and REE analysisi as well as ancient land distribution feature. These make sure that NE is the main direction of sediment provenance, and that metamorphic rock of Archeozoic and lower Proterozoic.
According to outcop observation, core description, single well log facies analysis and connecting-well section comparison, combining with rock type, depositional tecxture, structure characteristics, paleontology, litho-electric features, profile structures and sedimentary cycles, ect. It shows that Yanchang formation is composed of the lacustrine system and the delta system in Zhidan region, which are subdibide carefully into 5 subfacies and 16 microfacies, the modal is the deltaic front microfacies.
The sedimentary microfacies and sandstone distribution character of Yanchang formation in Zhidan region is displayed for the first time by this thesis.Considering that subaqueous distributary channels in deltaic front microfacies and distributary channels are the main frame sandbodies for oil and gas reservoir.The distribution rule of sandbodies is determined by sedimentary facies. Sedimentary environments of Yanchang formation have good inheritance, which make all the sandbodies of different time spreading in the NE direction in the region. The favorable source-reservoir-caprock group can be formed for the frequency of lacustrine transgression and regression. Through analysisi of sedimentary facies, the distribution of sandbodies, the character of structure and the property of reservior, etc, the favorable exploration area can be found out in the main oil-bearing beds of Yanchang formation in the region.
通过区域对比标志层、野外踏勘资料及层序界面的确定,对研究区延长组进行地层划分。根据构造运动面划分出超长期基准面旋回,在测井剖面上识别层序界面、最大湖泛面、初始湖泛面、准层序、准层序组,并进行体系域及基准面旋回的识别与划分,将延长组划分为一个构造超层序和五个三级沉积层序,进一步分析层序对含油气性的控制作用。
依据区域地质、古流向资料、轻重矿物岩屑分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素(REE)分析及古陆分布特征,对志丹探区延长组的物源进行了研究,认为物源主要来自北东方向,母岩为盆地东北缘太古代及早元古代变质岩。
依据野外剖面露头观察,岩心描述、单井测井相分析和连井剖面对比,结合岩石类型、结构特征、沉积构造、古生物特征、剖面结构、测井相和沉积旋回分析等多种手段,识别出志丹探区延长组沉积体系主要三角洲沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系,划分出5类沉积亚相、16类沉积微相,其中主要发育三角洲前缘亚相
首次详细研究了志丹探区延长组沉积微相和砂体展布特征,认为三角洲前缘水下分流河道和三角洲平原分流河道是志丹探区延长组油气储集的骨架砂体,沉积相决定着砂体的展布规律;在古地理演化过程中,长10-长8为三角洲前缘亚相;长7北部为三角洲前缘,南部发育深湖亚相:长6三角洲发育达到鼎盛时期,发育三角洲前缘;长4+5,长3,长2三角洲逐渐萎缩,其北部为三角洲平原,南部为三角洲前缘及浅湖;长1演化为三角洲平原。并建立了该区缓坡型的浅水三角洲沉积模式。
Apllied with field profile observation,core description,logging data interpretation, thin section identification, reservoir lithology and physical analysis, and some effcective theories of other subjects such as sedimentology, lithofacies- paleogeography, reservoirgeology, and sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentology systerm of Triassic Yanchang Formation of Zhidan region was studied deeply.
By the primary marks of contrast in region, data of reconnaissance in field and interface of sequence stratigraphy, stratum of the oil-containing interval Yanchang formation were devised.Based on the tectonic movement surface, super long-term base level cycles are marked off.All the sequences are identified from logging profiles, including sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surface, first flooding surface, ubsequences and subsequence sets; meanwhile, identified and classified system tracts and datum level cycles, From all the work above, Yanchang Formation are divided into a tectonic supersequence and five pieces of third class sedimentary sequences, which are use to analysis the control of the reserviors.
This paper investigated source of Yanchang formation in Zhidan region, by the study of the regional geology, palaeocurrent direction, light and heavy mineral debris analysis, trace element and REE analysisi as well as ancient land distribution feature. These make sure that NE is the main direction of sediment provenance, and that metamorphic rock of Archeozoic and lower Proterozoic.
According to outcop observation, core description, single well log facies analysis and connecting-well section comparison, combining with rock type, depositional tecxture, structure characteristics, paleontology, litho-electric features, profile structures and sedimentary cycles, ect. It shows that Yanchang formation is composed of the lacustrine system and the delta system in Zhidan region, which are subdibide carefully into 5 subfacies and 16 microfacies, the modal is the deltaic front microfacies.
The sedimentary microfacies and sandstone distribution character of Yanchang formation in Zhidan region is displayed for the first time by this thesis.Considering that subaqueous distributary channels in deltaic front microfacies and distributary channels are the main frame sandbodies for oil and gas reservoir.The distribution rule of sandbodies is determined by sedimentary facies. Sedimentary environments of Yanchang formation have good inheritance, which make all the sandbodies of different time spreading in the NE direction in the region. The favorable source-reservoir-caprock group can be formed for the frequency of lacustrine transgression and regression. Through analysisi of sedimentary facies, the distribution of sandbodies, the character of structure and the property of reservior, etc, the favorable exploration area can be found out in the main oil-bearing beds of Yanchang formation in the region.
引文
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6.杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
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10.罗静兰,J.Marcelo Ketzer,李文厚,阎世可,武富礼,李玉宏.延长油区侏罗系-上三叠统层序地层与生储盖组合.石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):337-341.
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13.Conybeare C.E.B.Geommorphalogy of oil and gas fields in sandstone bodies,1976.
14.杨晓萍,陈丽华.陕北斜坡延长统低渗储集层成岩相研究,石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4),38-40.
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18.Miall A.D.Euastic sea level changes interpreted from seismic stratigraphy:a critique of the methodology with particular reference to North Sea Jurassic record.AAPG Bulletin.1986,Voi.70:131-137.
19.西北大学学报(自然科学版),[第九届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议]论文集.2006.
20.顾家裕,张兴阳.油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状[J].沉积学报,2003(3),21(1):137-141.
21.于兴河,郑秀娟.沉积学的发展历程与未来展望[J].地球科学进展,2004(4),19(2):173-182.
22.孙枢.中国沉积学的今后发展:若干思考与建议[J].地学前缘,2005(4),12(2):3-10.
23.周丽清.洪泛面-异旋回-自旋回及油藏范围内小层对比[J].石油勘探与开发,1999(12)75-77.
24.Cross,T.A.,and Lessenger,M.A.,1998.Sediment volume partitioning:rational for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation,in F.M.Gradstein,K.O.Sandvik,and N.J.Milton,eds.,Sequence Stratigraphy(Concepts and Applications:NPF Special Publication 8,p.171-195.
25.Hallam A.,1998,Interpreting sea level,in Doyle,P.and M.R.Bennett(eds.),Unlocking the stratigraphyical record:Advances in modern stratigraphy:John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.,Chichester,p.421-439.
26.Haq B.U.(ed.),1995.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional response to eustatic,tectonic and climatic forcing:Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,381 p.
27.TELES V,BRAVARD J P G D.Modeling of the construction of the Rhone alluvial plain since 15 000 years BP[J]Sedimentology,2001,48:1209-1224.
28.李凤杰,王多云等.陕甘宁盆地华池地区延长组缓坡带三角洲前缘的微相构成[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):582-587.
29.Makaske B,Anastom osing rivers:a review of their classication,origin and sedimentary products[J],Earth-Science Review,2001,53:149-196.
30.武富礼,李文厚等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组三角洲沉积及演化[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):307-315.
31.宋凯,吕剑文等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部上三叠统延长组物源方向分析与三角洲沉积体系 [J].古地理学报,2002,4(3):59-60.
32.Cross,T.A.,and hessenger,M.A.,1999.Construction and application of a stratigraphic inverse model,in J.W.Harbaugh,W.L.Watney,E.C.Rankey,R.Slingerland,R.H.Goldstein,E.K.Franseen,eds,SEPM Special Publication 62 Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy:Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),p.69-83.
33.Eschard R,Lemouzy P,Bacchiuna,et al.1998.Combining sequence stratigraphy,geostatistical simulations and production data for modeling a fluvial reservoir in the chauchoy field(Triassic,France).AAPG Bulletin,82(4):545-568.
34.Galloway W E.1998.Geologic Column-Clastic Depositional Systems and Sequences:Applications to Reservoir Prediction,Delineation,and Characterizatoion.The Leading Edge,17(2),i73-176.
35.赵重远等.华北克拉通沉积盆地形成与演化及其油气赋存[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.
36.Makaske B,Anastom osing rivers:a review of their classication,origin and sedimentary products[J],Earth-Science Review,2001,53(5):149-196.
37.赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):415-409.
38.陈安定.陕甘宁盆地中生界生油层特征[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
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2.张抗.鄂尔多斯断块构造与资源.西安:陕西省科学技术出版社,1989.
3.赵重远.鄂尔多斯盆地的演化历史、形成机制和含油气有利地区[M].见赵重远等著:华北克拉通沉积盆地形成与演化及其油气赋存.西安:西北大学出版社,1990.
4.牟泽辉,朱宏权,张克银等,鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界成油体系[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
5.任纪舜.中国油气勘探和开发战略[M].石油工业出版社,2000.
6.杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
7.Petti john F.J.et at.Sand and Sandstone.1972.
8.田在艺,张庆春.中国含油气沉积盆地论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
9.Taylor J.C.M,Sandstones as reservoir rocks,Development in Petroleum Geology,1977.
10.罗静兰,J.Marcelo Ketzer,李文厚,阎世可,武富礼,李玉宏.延长油区侏罗系-上三叠统层序地层与生储盖组合.石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):337-341.
11.田在艺,张庆春.中国含油气盆地岩相古地理与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
12.梅志超.沉积相与古地理重建.西安:西北大学出版社,1994.
13.Conybeare C.E.B.Geommorphalogy of oil and gas fields in sandstone bodies,1976.
14.杨晓萍,陈丽华.陕北斜坡延长统低渗储集层成岩相研究,石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4),38-40.
15.何自新等著.鄂尔多斯盆地演化与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
16.孙国凡.鄂尔多斯盆地印支运动及其在形成三叠系、侏罗系油藏中的作用.石油地质文集(3).地质出版社,1981.
17.张成立.延长油区盆地构造模拟及含油气系统分析.西安:西北大学,1999.
18.Miall A.D.Euastic sea level changes interpreted from seismic stratigraphy:a critique of the methodology with particular reference to North Sea Jurassic record.AAPG Bulletin.1986,Voi.70:131-137.
19.西北大学学报(自然科学版),[第九届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议]论文集.2006.
20.顾家裕,张兴阳.油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状[J].沉积学报,2003(3),21(1):137-141.
21.于兴河,郑秀娟.沉积学的发展历程与未来展望[J].地球科学进展,2004(4),19(2):173-182.
22.孙枢.中国沉积学的今后发展:若干思考与建议[J].地学前缘,2005(4),12(2):3-10.
23.周丽清.洪泛面-异旋回-自旋回及油藏范围内小层对比[J].石油勘探与开发,1999(12)75-77.
24.Cross,T.A.,and Lessenger,M.A.,1998.Sediment volume partitioning:rational for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation,in F.M.Gradstein,K.O.Sandvik,and N.J.Milton,eds.,Sequence Stratigraphy(Concepts and Applications:NPF Special Publication 8,p.171-195.
25.Hallam A.,1998,Interpreting sea level,in Doyle,P.and M.R.Bennett(eds.),Unlocking the stratigraphyical record:Advances in modern stratigraphy:John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.,Chichester,p.421-439.
26.Haq B.U.(ed.),1995.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional response to eustatic,tectonic and climatic forcing:Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,381 p.
27.TELES V,BRAVARD J P G D.Modeling of the construction of the Rhone alluvial plain since 15 000 years BP[J]Sedimentology,2001,48:1209-1224.
28.李凤杰,王多云等.陕甘宁盆地华池地区延长组缓坡带三角洲前缘的微相构成[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):582-587.
29.Makaske B,Anastom osing rivers:a review of their classication,origin and sedimentary products[J],Earth-Science Review,2001,53:149-196.
30.武富礼,李文厚等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组三角洲沉积及演化[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):307-315.
31.宋凯,吕剑文等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部上三叠统延长组物源方向分析与三角洲沉积体系 [J].古地理学报,2002,4(3):59-60.
32.Cross,T.A.,and hessenger,M.A.,1999.Construction and application of a stratigraphic inverse model,in J.W.Harbaugh,W.L.Watney,E.C.Rankey,R.Slingerland,R.H.Goldstein,E.K.Franseen,eds,SEPM Special Publication 62 Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy:Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),p.69-83.
33.Eschard R,Lemouzy P,Bacchiuna,et al.1998.Combining sequence stratigraphy,geostatistical simulations and production data for modeling a fluvial reservoir in the chauchoy field(Triassic,France).AAPG Bulletin,82(4):545-568.
34.Galloway W E.1998.Geologic Column-Clastic Depositional Systems and Sequences:Applications to Reservoir Prediction,Delineation,and Characterizatoion.The Leading Edge,17(2),i73-176.
35.赵重远等.华北克拉通沉积盆地形成与演化及其油气赋存[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.
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