摘要
根据岩心、测井及地震资料识别标志,在塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷下白垩统南屯组识别出水下扇,三角洲和湖泊三种沉积相。通过井震综合分析,把南屯组分为五层:T_(22)-T_(221),T_(221)-T_(23),T_(23)-T_(222),T_(222)-Sq_(1-2),Sq_(1-2)-T_3。根据凹陷盆地的特征,在各次级构造带上选取代表性井进行单井分析,在横向和纵向上选取有代表性的剖面,在地震反演资料的基础上制作骨干沉积相连井剖面,对南屯组每一层的沉积相带的展布进行了详细的分析。对盆地沉积演化的控制因素进行分析,包括构造,湖平面,物源和气候四个方面,通过对比分析盆地的沉积演化特征。
Ta'nan Depression is a secondary tectonic unit in Tamuchage basin,and is complex fault depression that fault in the east and overlap in the west.It is composed of west slope belt, west secondary depression,western buried-hill-fault structural belt,center secondary depression,central buried-hill-fault structural belt,east secondary depression and fault-nose belt.Lower Cretaceous mainly developed Tunbomiao Formation,Nantun Formation, Damoguaihe Formation and Yimin Formation.This paper mainly focuses on Nantun Formation.By comprehensive research on drilling well and seismic explanation,Nantun Formation is divided into five layers,and the types of sedimentary facies,distribution regularity and evolution characteristics of each layers within substratified framework have been discussed.Seen from the tectonic evolution,Nantun Formation is at fault-depressed diversionary period.So,Nantun Formation has the double characteristics of fault and depression.
According to careful observation and description of rock types,particle size characteristics,primary sedimentary structures,sedimentary rhythm,biological fossil assemblages and clay mineral characteristics of the drilling cores in three-dimensional seismics in Ta'nan depression,and by comprehensive analysis of logging data of 105 wells combined with the identification of rock thin sections and particle size analysis,three sedimentary facies such as delta,submarine fan and lacustrine facies have been identified,and further been divided into 8 kinds of sedimentary subfacies and 15 kinds of sedimentary microfacies.
The basin area of Ta'nan Depression is big,and the evolution time is very long,and the sedimentary facies changed very quickly in space and time.The establishment of subsequence stratigraphic framework and the discussion of the paleostructure framework evolution have laid a foundation for the research on the distribution characteristic of sedimentary facies.Single-well analyses of sedimentary facies give the information of point azimuth,the analyses of the connecting-well sections show the series and distribution regularity of sedimentary combinations in vertical and transverse.Thus,the distribution characteristics of sedimentary facies during the period of Nantun Formation in Ta'nan Depression have been objectively summarized in detail.
Large-scale submarine Fans mainly developed by the side of controlling faults in the East during the early period of Nantun Formation,the fan bodies gradually dwindled and moved back by the time evolution,and small-scale delta prograduted to the end stage of Nantun Formation.Delta facies mainly developed in the North,and the fan bodies gradually enlarged from the early to the end period of Nantun Formation.Shore-shallow lacustrine facies developed in the gentle slope belt in the West during the whole sedimentary period of Nantun Formation.Small-scale turbidite fans developed in semi-deep lake facies in the South.Semideep-deep lake facies developed in the center of the basin during the whole period of Nantun Formation.
The sedimentary evolution of Nantun Formation in Ta'nan Depression was mainly controlled by tectonic subsidence,provenance supply,lake-level fluctuation and climate factor.By studying the growth indexs of main controlling faults during every period,the intensity changes of fault activities during different periods and their control actions on sedimentary systems are discussed.Climate is an important factor that influences the lake water quantity and water-level change,which is shown to control the lake-level variation, determine the size of accommodation space,influence the types,supplies and distribution ranges of sediments,and play an important role in controlling the sedimentary fill and evolution of lake basin.Climate was warm and humid during the period of Nantun Formation.By calculating the sedimentary rate,the intensity of sediment supply in Ta'nan Depression is analyzed.Three direction of provenances developed in this basin,which was in Northern,Eastern and Southern part.There were two high rate points of provenance supply in the North,and its supply rate was totally very high.The rate of sediment supply in Northeast part during the early stage of Nantun Formation was very small,but it was up to the highest during the period from T222 to T23,then the rate gradually decreased.The intensity of provenance supply in Southeast part was biggest during the early stage of Nantun Formation,and then it gradually decreased by the time evolution,and was up to smallest at the late period of Nantun Formation.The intensity of provenance supply in Southern part was relatively high during the period of T3-Sq1-2 and T23-T221,and it was relatively small during other stages.Lake-level fluctuation influences the overlay manners of parasequence sets(progradation or retrogradation),and controls the evolution of sedimentary systems together with tectonic subsidence,climate and the intensity of provenance supply. This paper takes the T3 period as the starting point,and discusses the lake-level fluctuation of Nantun Formation.As a whole,the lake-level during the period of Nantun Formation was rising.
Seen from the sedimentary system,the delta in the North of Nantun Formation was gradually bigger and bigger by the time evolution.Submarine fan mainly developed in the East during the early stage of Nantun Formation,and then the provenance gradually migrated to the northeast direction,and the delta developed at the late stage.Subaqueous Fan in the South of the basin was gradually to move back by the time evolution.
引文
[1]卜淘,陆正元.2000.湖泊辫状河三角洲特征、储集性及分类.沉积与特提斯地质.第1期.
[2]蔡希源,李思田等.陆相盆地高精度层序地层学—隐蔽油气藏勘探基础、方法与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,2003
[3]陈发景等.中国东部中、新生代伸展盆地构造特征及地球动力学背景[J].地球科学,1996,21(4):357-365
[4]陈守田,唐建人.研究区下第三系层序地层学探讨[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(4):363-366
[5]陈守田,张克民等.依舒地堑下第三系层序地层分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):150-153
[6]陈文学,姜在兴等.层序地层学与隐蔽圈闭预测—以河南泌阳凹陷为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[7]邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙喆.层序地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-184
[8]邓宏文,Timothy A Cross等主编.高分辨率层序地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,2002
[9]邓宏文,王洪亮,翟爱军等.中国陆源碎屑盆地层序地层与储层分布[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):108-114
[10]董清水等.陆相层序地层划分及岩心、测井高分辨率层序地层界面判识[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):121-126
[11]方爱民,李继亮,侯泉林.1998.浊流及相关重力流沉积研究综述.地质论评,270-277
[12]樊太亮,李卫东.层序地层应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):12-17
[13]冯增昭,王英华,沙庆安等.中国沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994
[14]冯有良,李思田,解习农等,陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119-132
[15]冯子辉,汪振英,王雪.研究区煤成油地球化学特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(6):1-3
[16]顾家裕.陆相层序地层学格架概念与模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6-10
[17]顾家裕等.层序地层学及其在油气勘探开发中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1997
[18]郭巍,刘招君等.松辽盆地西部斜坡区坳陷期层序地层发育控制因素研究[J].长春地质学院学报,1997,27(3):327-332
[19]高延新,吴崇筠,庞增福等.1985.辽河盆地大凌河油层湖底扇沉积特征.沉积学报.第4期.
[20]和钟铧,刘招君,郭巍.柴达木盆地北缘大煤沟剖面重矿物分析及其地质意义.世界地质,2001,20(3):279-284
[21]胡受权,陈萍等.泌阳断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序油气成藏类型及分布规律探讨[J].河南石油,2001,15(2):7-10
[22]黄清华,黄福堂,张莹等.研究区第三纪地层研究新进展[J].地层学杂志,1998,22(1):73-80
[23]黄清华,张莹等.裂变径迹测年法在研究区的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(2):14-16
[24]何治亮.1986,湖盆三角洲分类的初步探讨.石油与天然气地质.第4期.
[25]何汉漪.二十一世纪的地震勘探技术[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):267-273
[26]姜在兴.李华启等.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[27]姜在兴.沉积学.石油工业出版社.2003.5
[28]姜秀芳,宗国洪等.断裂坡折带低位扇成因及成藏特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):143-144
[29]孔凡仙.东营凹陷北带砂砾岩扇体勘探技术与实践[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):27~31
[30]李思田等.论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建设单元[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):11-12
[31]李思田.含煤盆地层序地层分析的几个问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(4):18-25
[32]李思田,潘元林等.断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术—高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学,2002,27(5):592-598
[33]李玉成,王苏民,黄耀生.气候环境变化的湖泊沉积学响应[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4):412-416
[34]刘训.对中国东部中、新生代盆地沉积—构造发展的几点认识[J].地质学报,1988,62(2):111-122
[35]刘招君,王东坡,何起祥.攀西地区上三叠统湖泊浊积岩和沉积特征及其地质意义[A].见张云湘主编:中国攀西裂谷文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1985,298-306
[36]刘招君,程日辉,易海永.层序地层学的概念、进展与争论[J].世界地质,1994, 13(3):56-68
[37]刘招君,程日辉,王璞珺.陆相层序地层学进展[A].见当代地质科学技术进展[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995,191-197
[38]刘招君,董清水,郭巍等.断陷湖盆层序地层特征及模式—以松辽盆地梨树断陷为例[J].长春科技大学学报,1998,28(增刊):54-58
[39]刘招君,董清水,王嗣敏等.陆相层序地层学导论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[40]刘招君,郭巍等.湖盆层序地层学术语体系及模式—以松辽盆地西部斜坡为例[J].长春地质学院学报,1997,27(增刊):54-60
[41]刘招君.湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素—以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):148-154
[42]罗群.研究区断裂特征与油气成藏的关系[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,20(2):90-95
[43]罗群,白新华.研究区断裂构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].长春科技大学学报,1999,29(3):247-251
[44]罗群,白新华等.研究区次级凹陷充填序列及石油地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):145-148
[45]罗群,白新华,刘晓冬.复杂地震资料解释技术及其在研究区的应用[J].石油实验地质,1998,20(1):30-37
[46]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-117
[47]纪友亮,张世奇等.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[48]姜在兴,李华启等.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[49]马杏垣,刘和甫等.中国东部中、新生代裂陷作用和伸展构造[J].地质学报,1983,57(1):22-32
[50]邱荣华.层序地层学译文集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[51]裘亦楠,肖敬修,薛培华.1982,湖盆三角洲分类的探讨.石油勘探与开发.第1期.
[52]单秀兰,陈春雷.依.舒地堑研究区自然伽马能谱与岩性及矿物成分的关系[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(3):76-78
[53]苏德辰等.Fischer图解及其在旋回层序研究中的应用—以北京西山张夏组为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):279-283
[54]孙连浦,刘招君等.水下重力流岩相特征及形成机制[J].世界地质,2001,20(3):249-256
[55]孙德君,赵霞飞,萧德铭.研究区下第三系地层准层序组特征[J].大庆石油地质与 开发,1997,16(1):17-20
[56]覃建雄,陈洪德,田景春.层序地层作为沉积盆地识别标志的研究[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):72-80
[57]王东坡,刘立.大陆裂谷盆地层序地层学研究[J].岩相古地理,1994,14(3):1-9
[58]王洪亮,邓宏文.地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):96-102
[59]王嗣敏,刘招君,董清水等.陆相盆地层序地层形成机制—以松辽盆地为例[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(2):139-144
[60]吴因业.含油气盆地层序解释技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[61]吴崇筠.湖盆砂体类型.沉积学报.1986.第4期
[62]威尔格斯C.K.等著.徐怀大,魏魁生,洪卫东等译.层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[63]魏魁生,徐怀大等.非海相层序地层学—以松辽盆地为例[M].北京:地质出版社,1996
[64]徐怀大,王世风,陈开远.地震地层学解释基础[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1990
[65]解习农,李思田.陆相盆地层序地层研究特点[J].地质科技情报,1993,12(2):22-26
[66]薛良清.层序地层分析在裂谷盆地油气勘探中的应用[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):7-11
[67]薛良清.湖相盆地中的层序、体系域与隐蔽油气藏[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):115-120
[68]薛良清.成因层序地层学的回顾与展望[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):484-487
[69]许浚远.依舒地堑新生代构造演化[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):406-410
[70]许浚远,李惠芳,王艳萍.研究区早第三纪中期基底顶界的三维古构造重建[J].吉林地质,1997,16(1):63-70
[71]杨建国,黄清华,吴朝东等.黑龙江研究区第三纪地层层序及时代[J].地层学杂志,2004,28(2):168-172
[72]杨玉峰,王孔伟,王始波.研究区下第三系构造活动对层序的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):50-54
[73]岳文浙等.陆盆层序地层研究的思路[J].地质论评,2000,46(4):347-354
[19]于兴河.2002.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学_匕京:石油工业出版社.
[74]朱筱敏,康安,王贵文.陆相坳陷型和断陷型湖盆层序地层样式探讨[J].沉积学报, 2003,31(2):283-287
[75]郑荣才等.浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(3):241-244
[76]郑玉龙,张莹.研究区白垩纪孢粉化石组合的发现及地层意义[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(4):25-29
[77]周海燕等.应用排烃门限理论评价研究区泥质烃源岩[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):25-28
[78]赵俊青,纪友亮,张世奇等.陆相高分辨率层序界面识别的地球化学方法[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):79-86
[79]周景田,何志国.1990.伊通地堑岔路河拗陷下第三系岩相与油气关系探讨.岩相古地理,2:38-45
[80]赵俊青,纪友亮,张善文.识别陆相层序界面的地球化学方法[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):37-40
[81]赵澄林,朱筱敏.2001.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社.
[82]张萌,田景春.1999.“近岸水下扇”的命名、特征及其储集性.岩相古地理.第4期.
[83]朱筱敏.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[84]朱筱敏,王贵文等.内蒙古东部陆西凹陷中北部上侏罗统层序地层格架及体系域特征分析[J].古地理学报,2002,4(3):33-39
[85]朱筱敏,康安,王贵文.陆相坳陷型和断陷型湖盆层序地层样式探讨[J].沉积学报,2003,31(2):283-287
[86]朱筱敏,信荃麟,张晋仁.1994.断陷湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式.沉积学报.第2期.
[87]张晓东.海拉尔盆地的构造特征及其演化.石油实验地质,1994,16(2):119-127.
[88]Cross T A.High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perspective of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation.In:Proceedings of Northwestern European Sequence Stratigraphy Congress,1994,105-123.
[89]Donald R.Lowe.1982 Sedimem Gravity Flow:Ⅱ.Depositional Models with special Reference to the Deposits of High-Density Turbidity Currents.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology.Vol,52,No.1:0279-0297
[90]Galloway W.E.1998.Siliciclastic Slope and Base-of Slope Depositional Systems:Component Facies,Stratigraphy Architecture and Classification.AAPG Bullitin.V.82,No.4 569-595
[91]Hiscott R.N.,Pickering K.T.,ect.1997.Basin-Floor Fans in the North Sea:sequence stratigraphic Model vs.Sedimentary Facies:Discussion.AAPG Bullitin,V.18,No.4: 662~665
[92]James L.Coleman.Jr.1997.Reinterpretation of Depositional Process in a Classic Flysch sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains,Arkansas and Oklahoma:Discussion,AAPG Bulletin.V.18,No.3:466~469
[93]Kolla.V,Ashworth.D,Cazzola.C,Claude.D,Clergcat.B,Dall,Asta.M,1997.Deep-water meandering channels from subsurface and Recent fans.AAPG annual convention
[94]Mohrig.David.1998.Hydroplaning of Subaqueous debris flows.Geological society of America Bulletin 110,(3) 387~394
[95]Parker G.1998.Flow and deposits of turbidity currents and submarine debris flows AAPG Bull,82(10) 1948
[96]Paul.J.1998.constraction of a full field reservoir model for the Asasa field off shore Nigeria:Characterization of Pliocene stacked deepwater sediment gravity-flow reservoirs.AAPG Bull,82(10),1909
[97]Prior.D.B.,Bornhold B.D.and Johns M.W.,a Depositional Characteristics of A Submarine Debris Flow,a Journal of Geology Vol 92:207~727
[98]Posamentier H W.Variations of the sequence stratigraphic model:past concepts,Present understandings,and future direction.AAPG Bull,1991,75 (3):955~956.
[99]Posamentier H W and Vail P R.Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅱ--Sequence and systems tract models.In:Wilgus C K,et al.(eds),Sea-level changes:an integrated approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988,42: 125~154
[100]Roger G.Walker.1978.Deep-Water Sandstone facies and Ancient Submerine Fans:Models For Exploration For stratigraphic Traps.AAPG V.62,No.6:932~966
[101]Roger M.Slatt,Paul Weimer and Charles G.Stone, 1997.Reinterpretation of Depositional Processes in a Classic Flysch Sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group),Ouachita Mountains,Arkansas and Oklahoma:Discussion.AAPG Bullitin,V.18,No.3:449~459
[102]Shanley.K.W,& McCabe.P.J,1994.Perspectives on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata.AAPG Bull,78:544~568
[103]Shanmugam G.and Molola R.J.1988.Submarine Fans:Charicteristics,Models,Classification,and Reservoir potential.Earth-Science Reviews.24:383~428
[104]Shanmugam.G.1996.Sandy slump and Sandy debris flow facies in the Pliocene and pleistocene the Gulf of Mexica:implications for submarine fan models.AAPG Bull,80(8):1335~1336
[105]Shanmugam.G.1997.The Bouma Sequence and the turbidite mind set.Earch-Science Reviews,42:4,201~229
[106]Vail P.R 1987,Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigrapth,partl,in Seismic stratigraphy interpretation precedure (Ed,by Bull A.W.),Am Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Atlas of sequence stratigraphy
[107]Van Wagoner.J.C.ect.1990,Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in Well logs,cores and outcrops:Con-cepts for High-Rosolution corre-lation of Time and Facies.Published by The American Association of Protroleum Geologists,Oklahoma,U.S.A
[108]Van Wagoner J.C.1998.Sequence stratigrephy and marine to nonmarine facies architecture of fore land basin strata Book Cliffs,Utah,USA:Reply.AAPG Bull,82(8):1607~1618
[109]Varnai P.1997.Sequence stratigraphie analysis of Plio-plestocene turbidite systems,northern Green canyon and Central Euing bank areas,northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bull,81(9)~1593
[110]Weimer R J.Developments in sequence stratigraphy:Foreland and Cratonic basin.AAPG Bull,1992,76 (7):965~982.
[111]Wright V P and Marriott S B. The sequence stratigraphy of fluvial depositional systems: the role of floodplain sediment storage.In:Cloetingh S,et al(eds):Basin analysis and dynamics of sedimentary basin evolution.Sedimentary Geology, 1993,86:203~210
[112]Wood L J.Chronosratigraphy and tectonostratigraphy of the Columbus Basin,eastern offshore Trinidad[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84: 1905~1928