露天矿排土场不同恢复措施对土壤种子库生态过程的影响
|
摘要
本文以辽宁省阜新市海州露天矿排土场为研究对象,分别对排土场上的天然植被、紫穗槐林、刺槐林、榆树林、工程覆土五种恢复措施的土壤种子库进行了研究和分析。结果表明:不同恢复措施对排土场土壤种子库物种组成及结构有较明显影响,通过种子库萌发试验,得出在五种恢复措施的土壤种子库中,禾本科植物是最先萌发的植物,天然植被土壤种子库共萌发出6个物种,分属3科,6属;紫穗槐林土壤种子库萌发了8种植物,分属3科,8属;刺槐林土壤种子库的物种数最少,只有4种植物,分属2科,4属;榆树林土壤种子库有6个物种,分属4科,6属;工程覆土土壤种子库萌发出的物种数最多,达9种,分属5科,9属。紫穗槐林土壤种子库的物种多样性指数和丰富度指数均最大,分别为1.1748和1.1585,表明紫穗槐林有利于矿区生态环境的改善;刺槐林土壤种子库的物种均匀度指数和优势度指数都最大,分别是0.6891和0.1535,表明刺槐林为单优势群落,早期有利于环境改善。五种恢复措施土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性程度存在较明显差异,紫穗槐林土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性最低,只有0.1667;工程覆土措施土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性程度最高,达1.0000,表明工程覆土措施地上植被能够较全面地反映土壤种子库的物种多样性及生态学特征。
The paper based on Haizhou opencast mine dump of the city of Fuxin in Liaoning province for the study, did researches and analysis respectively on the soil seed bank on dump that taken five restorations of the natural vegetation, Amorpha forest, Locust forest, Elm forest, engineering soil. The results show that: differert restorations have a significant impaction on species composition and structure of the soil seed bank on dump; In the seed bank germination test, found that Gramineae is the first germination plants in the soil seed bank of five restorations. The soil seed bank of natural vegetation germinated a total of six species, belong to three families, six genus; Amorpha forest soil seed bank germinated eight species, belong to three families, eight genus; The species number of Locust forest soil seed bank is the least, only four species, belong to two families, four genus; The soil seed bank of elm forest owns six species, belong to four families, six genus; Engineering soil seed bank germinated the largest number of species, has nine species, belong to five families, nine genus. The species richness and diversity index of Amorpha forest soil seed bank is the largest index, are 1.1748 and 1.1585 respectively, show that Amorpha forest is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment in mining areas; Species evenness index and advantage index of Locust forest soil seed bank are both the largest, are 0.6891 and 0.1535 respectively, show that Locust forest is single-edge communities,and is conducive to the improvement of the environment around early days; The similarity degree of the soil seed bank and vegetation on the ground by five recovery measures has significant differences, Engineering measure has the highest degree of similarity, up to 1.0000; Amorpha forest’s similarity is the lowest, only 0.1667, show that vegetation on the ground of engineering soil measure could reflect the soil seed bank’s species diversity and ecological characteristics in a comprehensive manner.
The paper based on Haizhou opencast mine dump of the city of Fuxin in Liaoning province for the study, did researches and analysis respectively on the soil seed bank on dump that taken five restorations of the natural vegetation, Amorpha forest, Locust forest, Elm forest, engineering soil. The results show that: differert restorations have a significant impaction on species composition and structure of the soil seed bank on dump; In the seed bank germination test, found that Gramineae is the first germination plants in the soil seed bank of five restorations. The soil seed bank of natural vegetation germinated a total of six species, belong to three families, six genus; Amorpha forest soil seed bank germinated eight species, belong to three families, eight genus; The species number of Locust forest soil seed bank is the least, only four species, belong to two families, four genus; The soil seed bank of elm forest owns six species, belong to four families, six genus; Engineering soil seed bank germinated the largest number of species, has nine species, belong to five families, nine genus. The species richness and diversity index of Amorpha forest soil seed bank is the largest index, are 1.1748 and 1.1585 respectively, show that Amorpha forest is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment in mining areas; Species evenness index and advantage index of Locust forest soil seed bank are both the largest, are 0.6891 and 0.1535 respectively, show that Locust forest is single-edge communities,and is conducive to the improvement of the environment around early days; The similarity degree of the soil seed bank and vegetation on the ground by five recovery measures has significant differences, Engineering measure has the highest degree of similarity, up to 1.0000; Amorpha forest’s similarity is the lowest, only 0.1667, show that vegetation on the ground of engineering soil measure could reflect the soil seed bank’s species diversity and ecological characteristics in a comprehensive manner.
引文
[1].姜凤岐,曹成有,曾德慧,吴祥云,等.科尔沁沙地生态系统退化与恢复[M].中国林业出版社.
[2].孙红召,王萌,等.土壤种子库的研究进展[J].河南林业科技,2007, 27(2):29～30.
[3].张玲,李广贺.土壤种子库的研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004, 23(2) :114～120.
[4].李秋艳,赵文智.干旱区土壤种子库的研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2005, 20(3):350～358.
[5].白文娟,焦菊英.土壤种子库的研究方法综述[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006, 24(6):195～198.
[6].班勇.土壤种子库的结构与动态[J].生态学杂志, 1995, 14(6): 42～47.
[7].李雪华,韩士杰,等.科尔沁沙地沙丘演替过程的土壤种子库特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2007, 29(2):66～69.
[8].张勇,薛林贵,等.荒漠种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):106～112.
[9].Csontons, P., Tamas.Comparison of soil seed bank classification systems[J].Seed Science Research, 2003, 13: 101～111.
[10].Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P, Bekker, RM.The Soil Seed Banks of North West Europe:Methodology,Density and Longevity. Landon[J].Cambridge University Press,1997: 26～32.
[11].Grime,J.P. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Precess[M].Wiley,New York,1979.
[12].Nakagoshi,N.Buried viable seeds in temperate forestsIn:White,J. ed. Population Structure of Vegetation.Dordrecht[J].Junk.W. Dr Publishers, 1985, 551～570.
[13].Garwood,N.C.Tropical soil seed banks:a review.In:Leck,M.A.,Parker,V.T.,Simpson,R.L.Ecology of soil seed Banks[J]. San Diego:Acadamic Press,1989,149～203.
[14].Fenner, M.Seed Ecology[J].London: Chapman & Hall, 1985, 21～28.
[15].Thorsen, J.A., Crabtree, G.Washing equipment for separating weed seed from soil[J].Weed Sciences, 1977, 25: 41～42.
[16].Malone, C. R.A rapid method for enumeration of viable seeds in soil [J]. Weeds,1967, 15: 381～382.
[17].TerHeerdt,G. N.J.,Verweij,G.L.,Bekker,R.M.,et.al.An improved method forseed bank analysis:seeding emergence after removing the Soil by sieving[J].Functional Ecology, 1996, 10: 144～151.
[18].Warr,S. J.,Kent,M.,Thompson,J. P.Seed bank composition and variability in five woodlands in southwest England[J].Journal of Biogeography, 1989, 21: 152～168.
[19].Bigwood, D.W., Inouye, D.W. , Spatial pattern analysis of seed banks: An improved method and optimizing sampling[J].Ecology, 1969, 497～507.
[20].Forcella , F.Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves[J].Weed Research, 1992, 32: 29～38.
[21].王刚,梁学功.沙坡头人工沙区的种子库动态[J].植物学报,1995,37(3):231～237.
[22].方乐金.杉木种子园种子产量及其主导影响因子的分析[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(2): 235～239.
[23].赵丽娅,李锋瑞,王先之.草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1745～1756.
[24].刘济明,钟章成.梵净山栲树群落的种子雨、种子库及更新[J].植物生态学报,2000, 24(4): 402～407.
[25].万马里,荆涛,Joni,K.,等.长白山地区胡桃楸种群的种子雨和种子库动态[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(3):70～72.
[26].邓自发,谢晓玲,王启基,等.高寒小篙草草甸种子库和种子雨动态分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):7～10.
[27].Whipple, S. A.The relationship of buried germination seed to vegetation in an old-growth Colorado subalpine forest[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1977,56:1506～1509.
[28].李伟,刘贵华,周进,等.淡水湿地种子库研究综述[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):395～402.
[29].Leck, M.A.Wetland seed banks.In: Ecology of soil seed banks. Leck, M.A.,Parker,V.T.,Simpson,R.L[J]. San Diego,CA:Academic Press,1989,283～305.
[30].安树青,林向阳,洪必恭.宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):41～50.
[31].吴祥云.资源枯竭型矿区废弃地植被恢复原理及技术研究[M].辽宁工程技术大学,2004.
[32].王相磊,周进,等.洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态[J].植物生态学报,2003, 27(3).352～359.
[33].张志权,束文圣,等.引入土壤种子库对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复的作用[J].植物生态学报,2000, 24(5).601～607.
[34].詹学明,李凌浩,等.放牧和围封条件下克氏针茅草原土壤种子库的比较[J].植物生态学报,2005,5.55～60.
[35].杨小波,陈明智,等.热带地区不同土地利用系统土壤种子库的研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3).327～333.
[36].张玲,方精云.太白山土壤种子库储量与物种多样性的垂直格局[J].地理学报,2004, 59( 6).880～888.
[37].唐勇,曹敏,等.西双版纳热带森林土壤种子库与地上植被的关系[J].应用生态学报,1999, 10(3).279～282.
[38].初振峰、吴祥云.露天矿排土场植被恢复过程中主要种群生态位特征研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007.26(增刊):231～233.
[39].胡建忠,郑佳丽,沈晶玉.退耕地人工植物群落根系生态位及其分布特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):481～490.
[40].丛沛桐,颜延芬,周福军,等.东北羊草群落种群生态位重叠关系研究[J].植物研究,1999,19(2):212～219.
[41].王仁忠.放牧影响下羊草草地主要植物种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):304～311.
[2].孙红召,王萌,等.土壤种子库的研究进展[J].河南林业科技,2007, 27(2):29～30.
[3].张玲,李广贺.土壤种子库的研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004, 23(2) :114～120.
[4].李秋艳,赵文智.干旱区土壤种子库的研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2005, 20(3):350～358.
[5].白文娟,焦菊英.土壤种子库的研究方法综述[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006, 24(6):195～198.
[6].班勇.土壤种子库的结构与动态[J].生态学杂志, 1995, 14(6): 42～47.
[7].李雪华,韩士杰,等.科尔沁沙地沙丘演替过程的土壤种子库特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2007, 29(2):66～69.
[8].张勇,薛林贵,等.荒漠种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):106～112.
[9].Csontons, P., Tamas.Comparison of soil seed bank classification systems[J].Seed Science Research, 2003, 13: 101～111.
[10].Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P, Bekker, RM.The Soil Seed Banks of North West Europe:Methodology,Density and Longevity. Landon[J].Cambridge University Press,1997: 26～32.
[11].Grime,J.P. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Precess[M].Wiley,New York,1979.
[12].Nakagoshi,N.Buried viable seeds in temperate forestsIn:White,J. ed. Population Structure of Vegetation.Dordrecht[J].Junk.W. Dr Publishers, 1985, 551～570.
[13].Garwood,N.C.Tropical soil seed banks:a review.In:Leck,M.A.,Parker,V.T.,Simpson,R.L.Ecology of soil seed Banks[J]. San Diego:Acadamic Press,1989,149～203.
[14].Fenner, M.Seed Ecology[J].London: Chapman & Hall, 1985, 21～28.
[15].Thorsen, J.A., Crabtree, G.Washing equipment for separating weed seed from soil[J].Weed Sciences, 1977, 25: 41～42.
[16].Malone, C. R.A rapid method for enumeration of viable seeds in soil [J]. Weeds,1967, 15: 381～382.
[17].TerHeerdt,G. N.J.,Verweij,G.L.,Bekker,R.M.,et.al.An improved method forseed bank analysis:seeding emergence after removing the Soil by sieving[J].Functional Ecology, 1996, 10: 144～151.
[18].Warr,S. J.,Kent,M.,Thompson,J. P.Seed bank composition and variability in five woodlands in southwest England[J].Journal of Biogeography, 1989, 21: 152～168.
[19].Bigwood, D.W., Inouye, D.W. , Spatial pattern analysis of seed banks: An improved method and optimizing sampling[J].Ecology, 1969, 497～507.
[20].Forcella , F.Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves[J].Weed Research, 1992, 32: 29～38.
[21].王刚,梁学功.沙坡头人工沙区的种子库动态[J].植物学报,1995,37(3):231～237.
[22].方乐金.杉木种子园种子产量及其主导影响因子的分析[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(2): 235～239.
[23].赵丽娅,李锋瑞,王先之.草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1745～1756.
[24].刘济明,钟章成.梵净山栲树群落的种子雨、种子库及更新[J].植物生态学报,2000, 24(4): 402～407.
[25].万马里,荆涛,Joni,K.,等.长白山地区胡桃楸种群的种子雨和种子库动态[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(3):70～72.
[26].邓自发,谢晓玲,王启基,等.高寒小篙草草甸种子库和种子雨动态分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):7～10.
[27].Whipple, S. A.The relationship of buried germination seed to vegetation in an old-growth Colorado subalpine forest[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1977,56:1506～1509.
[28].李伟,刘贵华,周进,等.淡水湿地种子库研究综述[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):395～402.
[29].Leck, M.A.Wetland seed banks.In: Ecology of soil seed banks. Leck, M.A.,Parker,V.T.,Simpson,R.L[J]. San Diego,CA:Academic Press,1989,283～305.
[30].安树青,林向阳,洪必恭.宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):41～50.
[31].吴祥云.资源枯竭型矿区废弃地植被恢复原理及技术研究[M].辽宁工程技术大学,2004.
[32].王相磊,周进,等.洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态[J].植物生态学报,2003, 27(3).352～359.
[33].张志权,束文圣,等.引入土壤种子库对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复的作用[J].植物生态学报,2000, 24(5).601～607.
[34].詹学明,李凌浩,等.放牧和围封条件下克氏针茅草原土壤种子库的比较[J].植物生态学报,2005,5.55～60.
[35].杨小波,陈明智,等.热带地区不同土地利用系统土壤种子库的研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3).327～333.
[36].张玲,方精云.太白山土壤种子库储量与物种多样性的垂直格局[J].地理学报,2004, 59( 6).880～888.
[37].唐勇,曹敏,等.西双版纳热带森林土壤种子库与地上植被的关系[J].应用生态学报,1999, 10(3).279～282.
[38].初振峰、吴祥云.露天矿排土场植被恢复过程中主要种群生态位特征研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007.26(增刊):231～233.
[39].胡建忠,郑佳丽,沈晶玉.退耕地人工植物群落根系生态位及其分布特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):481～490.
[40].丛沛桐,颜延芬,周福军,等.东北羊草群落种群生态位重叠关系研究[J].植物研究,1999,19(2):212～219.
[41].王仁忠.放牧影响下羊草草地主要植物种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):304～311.