城乡基本公共服务均等化实现机制研究
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摘要
随着我国社会经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的逐渐提高,公共服务需求的快速增长与公共产品供给不足、基本公共服务缺失之间的矛盾日益突出。相对于城市,主要体现在农村基本公共服务不到位,甚至缺失。我国城市和农村存在着两种完全不同的公共服务供给制度,加上我国长期以来实施的以工业和城市为中心的发展战略,致使两者之间的基本公共服务严重不均衡。实现城乡基本公共服务均等化,不仅有利于提高农村基本公共服务水平,让农民分享发展改革的成果,还有利于维护社会稳定、促进国民经济健康、持续、稳定发展。
本文主要运用文献研究和比较研究方法,探讨了基本公共服务均等化的内涵和意义,指出城乡基本公共服务均等化是保障农民自身发展权益、构建社会主义和谐社会、促进经济可持续发展和提高土地利用率的重要内容,并通过学习借鉴国外基本公共服务均等化经验,结合本国实际,提出了我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的实现路径,即加快城镇化步伐,转移农村剩余劳动力,并在减少农村人口,缓解农村压力的同时,完善农村公共服务体系,对接城乡基本公共服务制度,逐步提高均等化水平。其中,着重指出城镇化是实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的重要途径。强化公共服务职能、科学界定政府间事权与财权、完善财政转移支付制度和构建多元化的公共治理机制作为实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的辅助措施。
With the rapid development of community economic and the constant improvement of the level of living in our country, The contradiction between rapid growths of demand for public services on the one hand and inadequate supply of public goods and Lack of basic public services on the other is becoming increasingly conspicuous. Relative to the city, it is chiefly manifested in low level of basic public services in rural areas, or even missing. Supply system of public services between urban and rural areas is completely different, and with the industrial and urban center for development strategy that we had implemented for a long time, the two levels of basic public services is not in balance seriously. Realizing the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is not only beneficial to improve the level of basic public services in rural areas to let peasants share the fruits of development and reform, but also conducive to maintaining social stability and promoting the development of the national economy healthily, continuity and stably.
Though using literature research and comparative research mainly, we analyze the meaning and significance of equalization of basic public services, point out that the urban-rural equalization of basic public services is an important part of protecting peasants ' own development rights and interests, constructing socialistic harmonious society, promoting the economic development continuously and raising the utilization rate of land, and then draw the realizing mechanism of equalization of basic public services in China’s urban and rural areas by learning from the experience of foreign countries and contacting with the reality of our country. The realizing mechanism is that, firstly we should speed up the pace of urbanization to transfer of rural surplus labor, secondly improve rural public service system, and thirdly unify urban-rural basic public service system and gradually raise the level of equalization. Among those, urbanization is an important way. We also should strengthen public service functions, divide business power and financial power of governments at all levels scientifically, and improve financial transfer and payment system, and construct diversified public administer mechanism to realize the equalization.
本文主要运用文献研究和比较研究方法,探讨了基本公共服务均等化的内涵和意义,指出城乡基本公共服务均等化是保障农民自身发展权益、构建社会主义和谐社会、促进经济可持续发展和提高土地利用率的重要内容,并通过学习借鉴国外基本公共服务均等化经验,结合本国实际,提出了我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的实现路径,即加快城镇化步伐,转移农村剩余劳动力,并在减少农村人口,缓解农村压力的同时,完善农村公共服务体系,对接城乡基本公共服务制度,逐步提高均等化水平。其中,着重指出城镇化是实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的重要途径。强化公共服务职能、科学界定政府间事权与财权、完善财政转移支付制度和构建多元化的公共治理机制作为实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的辅助措施。
With the rapid development of community economic and the constant improvement of the level of living in our country, The contradiction between rapid growths of demand for public services on the one hand and inadequate supply of public goods and Lack of basic public services on the other is becoming increasingly conspicuous. Relative to the city, it is chiefly manifested in low level of basic public services in rural areas, or even missing. Supply system of public services between urban and rural areas is completely different, and with the industrial and urban center for development strategy that we had implemented for a long time, the two levels of basic public services is not in balance seriously. Realizing the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is not only beneficial to improve the level of basic public services in rural areas to let peasants share the fruits of development and reform, but also conducive to maintaining social stability and promoting the development of the national economy healthily, continuity and stably.
Though using literature research and comparative research mainly, we analyze the meaning and significance of equalization of basic public services, point out that the urban-rural equalization of basic public services is an important part of protecting peasants ' own development rights and interests, constructing socialistic harmonious society, promoting the economic development continuously and raising the utilization rate of land, and then draw the realizing mechanism of equalization of basic public services in China’s urban and rural areas by learning from the experience of foreign countries and contacting with the reality of our country. The realizing mechanism is that, firstly we should speed up the pace of urbanization to transfer of rural surplus labor, secondly improve rural public service system, and thirdly unify urban-rural basic public service system and gradually raise the level of equalization. Among those, urbanization is an important way. We also should strengthen public service functions, divide business power and financial power of governments at all levels scientifically, and improve financial transfer and payment system, and construct diversified public administer mechanism to realize the equalization.
引文
[1]贺珍瑞,对新时期城乡基本公共服务均等化问题的思考,理论导刊,2010(4):16~18
[2]赵云旗,申学锋,史卫等,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政政策研究,经济研究参考,2010(16):42~63
[3]焦克源,刘振国,城乡社会救助体系建设与公共服务均等化,西北人口,2010,31(3):124~128
[4]于江,徐光,基本公共服务均等化:研究综述与反思,消费导刊,2010(21):27~33
[5]王雪虹,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化路径和策略分析,现代商贸工业,2010(5):25~27
[6]沙占华,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化的效应与机制,保定学院学报,2010,23(1):28~30
[7]陈雅煊,城乡基本公共服务均等化与政府转型,鸡西大学学报,2010,10(1):38~39
[8]刘流,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的模式选择,贵阳学院学报,2010(2):41~45
[9]于雨帆,城镇化是增加农民收入的根本途径,商业经济,2010(7):24~25
[10]陈年安,论加快中国城镇化进程,长江论坛,2010(3):44~47
[11]郑志峰,权立波,如何建设符合我国国情的特色城镇化道路,经济师,2010(6):76~78
[12]姚荣贤,加快小城镇建设推进城乡一体化,安徽行政学院学报,2010,1(3):42~46
[13]王德炎,我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的现状及实现途径,商业时代,2010(19):91~92
[14]邱聪江,财政体制视野下的基本公共服务均等化,贵州大学学报,2010,28(1):67~70
[15]李珊,我国城乡基本公共服务均等化问题初探,新疆职业大学学报,2010,18(2):10~12
[16]董伟霞,我国农村公共服务体系制度保障的构建与完善,郑州航空工业管理学院,2010,29(4):188~190
[17]胡俊杰,发达国家公共服务均等化对我国的启示,文学界,2010(5):262
[18]崔惠玉,孙靖,公共服务均等化:国际经验与借鉴,地方财政研究,2010(2):70~74
[19]张玉亮,国外政府公共服务均等化实践及其对我国的启示,当代经济管理,2010,32(10):31~34
[20]范春蕾,基本公共服务均等化的实现机制研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;中国石油大学,2010
[21]戴飏,城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政制度研究:[硕士学位论文],苏州;苏州大学,2010
[22]王亮,实现我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择:[硕士学位论文],济南;山东经济学院,2010
[23]庞力,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的公共财政制度研究:[博士学位论文],长沙;湖南农业大学,2010
[24]宋生瑛,均等化基本公共服务的路径分析,经济问题,2009(9):52~55
[25]李梅香,王永乐,基本公共服务均等化研究述评,绍兴文献学院学报,2009,29(6):82~86
[26]黄菊梅,基本公共服务均等化问题研究——以科学发展观为视角,经济研究导刊,2009(27):196~198
[27]迟福林,我国统筹城乡发展的基本公共服务均等化因素,东南学术,2009(6):4~9
[28]钟培武,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的制度因素分析,领导科学,2009(10):48~50
[29]王风青,加快推进城乡基本公共服务均等化,中国农村小康科技,2009(6):16~17
[30]彭健,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政对策,财政研究,2009(3):46~48
[31]李会美,城镇化进程中的经济体制改革和创新初探,湖南财经高等专科学校学报,2009,25(122):25~26
[32]李俊利,我国农村公共服务体系建设的研究,社科纵横,2009(24):13~15
[33]吕薇,唐伟,农村公共服务体系建设的现状与对策建议,中国行政管理,2009(7):87~90
[34]柳博隽,基本公共服务均等化“三步走”,浙江经济,2009(21):34
[35]董立人,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择,苏州大学学报,2009(3):1~4
[36]韩学丽,基本公共服务均等化——问题与对策,改革与战略,2009,25(9):16~19
[37]李晋中,公共管理制度改革与服务均等化实现途径,经济管理,2009(4):148~152
[38]罗鸣令,公共服务非均等化——人口迁移的财政制度原因,经济论坛,2009(16):14~16
[39]乔俊峰,公共卫生服务均等化与政府责任:基于我国分权化改革的思考,中国卫生经济,2009,28(7):5~7
[40]赵建群,周立群,关于推进我国城乡基本公共服务均等化若干问题的思考,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009,21(4):104~107
[41]刘文静,中国城乡基本公共服务均等化研究:[硕士学位论文],济南;山东大学,2008
[42]谢凌凌,有关基本公共服务均等化的三个问题,理论探索,2009(6):111~114
[43]苏江瑜,我国实现基本公共服务均等化的对策研究:[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2008
[44]杨建亮,城乡基本公共服务均等化实现机制问题研究:[硕士学位论文],南宁;广西民族大学,2008
[45]甘志强,基本公共服务均等化视阈下的政府职能转变研究:[硕士学位论文],福州;福建师范大学,2008
[46]张东豫,构建和谐社会与城乡公共服务均等化,中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(1):43~48
[47]彭国甫,地方政府绩效评估研究,长沙:湖南人民出版社,2005.161~166
[48]张康之,寻找公共行政的伦理视角,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.331~334
[49]朱庆芳,汝信,2006年中国社会形势分析与预测,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.374~375
[50]俞可平,治理与善治,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.333~334
[51]James P. Lester, Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach, Wadsworth, 2000.126
[52]Musgrave, Richard A &Peggy B. Musgrave, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, McGraw, 1989.114
[2]赵云旗,申学锋,史卫等,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政政策研究,经济研究参考,2010(16):42~63
[3]焦克源,刘振国,城乡社会救助体系建设与公共服务均等化,西北人口,2010,31(3):124~128
[4]于江,徐光,基本公共服务均等化:研究综述与反思,消费导刊,2010(21):27~33
[5]王雪虹,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化路径和策略分析,现代商贸工业,2010(5):25~27
[6]沙占华,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化的效应与机制,保定学院学报,2010,23(1):28~30
[7]陈雅煊,城乡基本公共服务均等化与政府转型,鸡西大学学报,2010,10(1):38~39
[8]刘流,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的模式选择,贵阳学院学报,2010(2):41~45
[9]于雨帆,城镇化是增加农民收入的根本途径,商业经济,2010(7):24~25
[10]陈年安,论加快中国城镇化进程,长江论坛,2010(3):44~47
[11]郑志峰,权立波,如何建设符合我国国情的特色城镇化道路,经济师,2010(6):76~78
[12]姚荣贤,加快小城镇建设推进城乡一体化,安徽行政学院学报,2010,1(3):42~46
[13]王德炎,我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的现状及实现途径,商业时代,2010(19):91~92
[14]邱聪江,财政体制视野下的基本公共服务均等化,贵州大学学报,2010,28(1):67~70
[15]李珊,我国城乡基本公共服务均等化问题初探,新疆职业大学学报,2010,18(2):10~12
[16]董伟霞,我国农村公共服务体系制度保障的构建与完善,郑州航空工业管理学院,2010,29(4):188~190
[17]胡俊杰,发达国家公共服务均等化对我国的启示,文学界,2010(5):262
[18]崔惠玉,孙靖,公共服务均等化:国际经验与借鉴,地方财政研究,2010(2):70~74
[19]张玉亮,国外政府公共服务均等化实践及其对我国的启示,当代经济管理,2010,32(10):31~34
[20]范春蕾,基本公共服务均等化的实现机制研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;中国石油大学,2010
[21]戴飏,城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政制度研究:[硕士学位论文],苏州;苏州大学,2010
[22]王亮,实现我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择:[硕士学位论文],济南;山东经济学院,2010
[23]庞力,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的公共财政制度研究:[博士学位论文],长沙;湖南农业大学,2010
[24]宋生瑛,均等化基本公共服务的路径分析,经济问题,2009(9):52~55
[25]李梅香,王永乐,基本公共服务均等化研究述评,绍兴文献学院学报,2009,29(6):82~86
[26]黄菊梅,基本公共服务均等化问题研究——以科学发展观为视角,经济研究导刊,2009(27):196~198
[27]迟福林,我国统筹城乡发展的基本公共服务均等化因素,东南学术,2009(6):4~9
[28]钟培武,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的制度因素分析,领导科学,2009(10):48~50
[29]王风青,加快推进城乡基本公共服务均等化,中国农村小康科技,2009(6):16~17
[30]彭健,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政对策,财政研究,2009(3):46~48
[31]李会美,城镇化进程中的经济体制改革和创新初探,湖南财经高等专科学校学报,2009,25(122):25~26
[32]李俊利,我国农村公共服务体系建设的研究,社科纵横,2009(24):13~15
[33]吕薇,唐伟,农村公共服务体系建设的现状与对策建议,中国行政管理,2009(7):87~90
[34]柳博隽,基本公共服务均等化“三步走”,浙江经济,2009(21):34
[35]董立人,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择,苏州大学学报,2009(3):1~4
[36]韩学丽,基本公共服务均等化——问题与对策,改革与战略,2009,25(9):16~19
[37]李晋中,公共管理制度改革与服务均等化实现途径,经济管理,2009(4):148~152
[38]罗鸣令,公共服务非均等化——人口迁移的财政制度原因,经济论坛,2009(16):14~16
[39]乔俊峰,公共卫生服务均等化与政府责任:基于我国分权化改革的思考,中国卫生经济,2009,28(7):5~7
[40]赵建群,周立群,关于推进我国城乡基本公共服务均等化若干问题的思考,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009,21(4):104~107
[41]刘文静,中国城乡基本公共服务均等化研究:[硕士学位论文],济南;山东大学,2008
[42]谢凌凌,有关基本公共服务均等化的三个问题,理论探索,2009(6):111~114
[43]苏江瑜,我国实现基本公共服务均等化的对策研究:[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2008
[44]杨建亮,城乡基本公共服务均等化实现机制问题研究:[硕士学位论文],南宁;广西民族大学,2008
[45]甘志强,基本公共服务均等化视阈下的政府职能转变研究:[硕士学位论文],福州;福建师范大学,2008
[46]张东豫,构建和谐社会与城乡公共服务均等化,中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(1):43~48
[47]彭国甫,地方政府绩效评估研究,长沙:湖南人民出版社,2005.161~166
[48]张康之,寻找公共行政的伦理视角,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.331~334
[49]朱庆芳,汝信,2006年中国社会形势分析与预测,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.374~375
[50]俞可平,治理与善治,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.333~334
[51]James P. Lester, Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach, Wadsworth, 2000.126
[52]Musgrave, Richard A &Peggy B. Musgrave, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, McGraw, 1989.114