泌阳凹陷付湾—张厂地区沉积特征及有利目标研究
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摘要
泌阳凹陷付湾-张厂地区位于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带的西北部,面积120平方公里,东边为为杨楼油田,西边为古城油田,是一个夹在王集—新庄鼻状构造和古城鼻状构造之间的构造幅度较小的鼻状构造,断层的主要走向为北东向。传统上认为该区不具备大量物源供给条件,储层发育条件不好,但是目前已钻井70余口,大多数井都不同程度地钻遇了油气显示,个别井试油见到了少量的油。目前已发现了付湾含油区块,付浅2、付浅5、付浅7、付浅19、泌浅14等井钻遇了油层,所以分析认为该区可能存在砂体被北东向为主的断层切割而形成的断层加岩性圈闭和鼻状构造被切割而形成的断块圈闭,区内的未熟油及南部深凹区生成的油气能够为该区提供一定的油源条件,具备一定的成藏条件。但是目前该区的物源不太清楚,砂体的剖面和平面展布不明,油气藏的主要控制因素不明等,给下一步勘探带来了很大难度。
     本文针对付湾-张厂地区核桃园组核三段Ⅳ-Ⅵ油层通过详细的岩心描述,确定了该区的主要沉积相和沉积微相类型的基础上,以高分辨率层序地层学和现代沉积学为指导,完成该区油组和小层的划分与对比、砂体剖面和平面的分布规律研究,并结合该区的圈闭类型、控制因素和成藏规律,通过详细的油藏剖面解剖,预测了有利目标。
     本次研究所取得的主要成果及认识有:
     1、综合运用钻井、测井和地震资料,运用高分辨率层序地层学的有关原理,完成了研究区所有井的油组界面识别和小层划分。在研究层段Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ油组中,每个油组对应一个中期旋回,由一个不对称的上升半旋回和下降半旋回构成一个完整的旋回。在中期旋回控制油组界面下,根据每个油组的测井旋回性和岩性组合,分别把Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ油组划分为7个、5个、5个小层,建立了全区74口井的小层分层数据表。
     2、通过对付浅7井、杨浅2井、泌184井和泌137井详细的岩心观察,把研究区的的岩石相类型分为17种,其中以波状交错层理细粉砂岩相、复合层理细粉砂岩相、平行层理细砂岩相、水平纹层粉砂岩、泥页岩相为主。
     3、通过详细岩心观察并结合砂体平面和剖面图,系统地总结了该区的主要沉积相类型,认为本区沉积相为湖湾背景下的三角洲沉积体系,以及与其伴生的滩坝沉积体系,其中三角洲进一步可划分为分流河道、分流间湾、河口坝、席状砂沉积微相,滩坝沉积体系进一步可划分为滩和坝沉积微相。
     4、通过岩心相与测井资料的对应关系研究,结合沉积微相类型及其沉积特征,总结了各种沉积微相的测井识别标志,建立了该区岩电关系图版,并运用于未取心井的沉积微相的识别。
     5、运用高分辨率层序地层学有关原理,分析了5条骨架连井剖面的砂体分布规律。砂体分布整体趋势是由浅到深砂体逐渐减薄,在工区中部泌137、泌145井附近,由于受多个物源的影响,砂体厚度最大。Ⅳ油组相对Ⅴ、Ⅵ油组来说,砂体厚度最大,自下而上砂体厚度整体呈现减小的趋势;其次为Ⅵ油组,砂体在中下部比较发育;V油组由于受湖侵的影响,主要为泥页岩沉积,砂体厚度最小。
     6、根据小层砂体等厚图,岩心、粒度和重矿等资料分析,认为该区的主要物源方向有三个,分别是东北部杨楼三角洲方向、北部的付湾方向以及西南角古城三角洲方向。结合该区的主要沉积特点,建立了该区在湖湾背景下发育三角洲和滩坝两套沉积体系的沉积模式,并绘制了沉积模式图。
     7、结合前人的研究成果,分析该区的油气藏圈闭类型主要为断鼻、断块和断层—岩性油气圈闭,南部深凹区提供丰富的油源经过砂体和断层双重疏导后在有利区带聚集。该区的主要含油气的有利沉积微相为分流河道,其次为席状砂。
     8、根据有较好油气显示和含油井的平面、层位分布,结合优势砂体厚度和沉积相分布规律,该区油层的构造特征、圈闭的类型和控制因素、成藏规律等,总结了油气藏圈闭受到沉积和构造的双重因素控制。研究区有利区带主要集中在中南部、西南角古城三角洲和东部杨楼三角洲方向,而北部由于付湾三角洲砂体延伸距离较短,加上廖庄期末构造抬升形成的浅部断层的对油气聚集的破坏作用,含油性较差。
     9、在有利区带内预测了2个油气聚集的有利目标,并提供了具体的井位部署建议。第一目标为泌145井—泌137井中间有可能形成砂岩上倾尖灭或断层—岩性油气藏;第二目标井位为泌15井—泌397井中间有可能形成砂岩透镜体或断层-岩性油气藏。
The Fuwan-Zhangchang aea is located at the northwest of Biyang depression with 120 square metres, on the east is Yanglou oil field and on the west is Gucheng oil field. It's a nose structure and the northeast is the main aligement of its faults. The traditional opinion is that there isn't favorable reservoir condition, but in the 70 wells up to now, most of the wells have some display of oil, and in few of wells come to oil in the well testing. The oil layer is drilled in the wells of Fuqian2、Fuqian5、Fuqian7、Fuqianl9、Biqianl4, so there are some fault-lithology traps or fault-block traps probably. The immature oil and the oil generated from the southern deep area provide some condition of oil resources, and the researched area has some hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. But there are some problems for example the material source、the sandbody distribution、the controlling factors are unknown, these take great difficulty to the next exploration.
     Through detailed core description to make definite sedimentary facies and microfacese, guided by high resolution sequence stratigraphy and recent sedimentology, this paper completes the sublayer's division and correlation、distributive character of sand well tie profile and plane combining the trap type、the control factors、the regularities of hydrocarbon accumulation and analysis of oil reservoir profile, predictes favorable target.
     There are main results and understands as follows:
     1, Comprehensing drilling、logging and seismic information, under the guidance of the high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, complete the sublayer's division and correlation of the wells in this area. Every oil group can be divides into a medium term cycle composed by a ascending hemicycleand a descending hemicycle. Under the control of medium term cycle, based on the cycle of logging curve and lithologic association, theⅣ、Ⅴ、Ⅵoil groups can be divided 7、5、5 sublayers respectively.
     2、Through the detailed core observation of these wells of the wells of Fuqian2、Fuqian5、Fuqian7、Fuqian19、Biqian14, the types of petrologic phase have 14 types, the mains are parallel bedding fine sandstone phase、the hummocky cross-stratification silt phase、the mixed bedding fine sandstone phase、the mixed bedding silt phase, horizontal bedding silt phase、mudstone and shale.
     3、Based on detailed core description and the plane of sand body, think that this research area belongs to delta deposit and shore and meare deposit. The delta deposit is further divided into delta distributary channel、sand sheet and mouth bar; the shore and meare deposit is further divided into beach、dam.
     4、Through the research on the corresponding relationship of the core phase and the logging curve, establish the plate that can transform geologic facies to electrofacies, and apply to recognize the sedimentary microfacies of the non-coring wells.
     5、Utilizing high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, analyse the sand body distribution regularity of the 5 well tie profile. The thickness of sand body is gradual decreasing from the shallow to the deep.the thickness near the bi137 well and bi145 well is major relatively since the effection of three material sources. the thickness of The IV oil group is higher than the V oil group and the VI oil group, theⅥoil group is second. The general trend is gradual decreasing from the bottom to the top in theⅣoil group. The main sediments in the VI oil group are mud stone and shale since the increasing lake plane immediately.
     6、Based on the the core description、grain、heavy mineral information、plane of sand body and so on, conclude that there are three direction of material, particularly, the northwest is Yanglou delta, the north is Fuwan delta and the southwest is Gucheng delta, and the depositional model is established.
     7、Combining other's research paper,the main trap types of oil are the fault nose trap、the fault block trap and the fault-lithology trap. The oil generated from the southern deep area and migrated by sand body and fault is accumulatd in the favorable area. The distributary channel is the best sedimentary microface that accumulates oil, the second is sand sheet.
     8、Based on the how of oil and gas, combining the favorable area of the plane of sand body、distribution of sedimentary facies、structure character、the regularities of hydrocarbon accumulation and so on, conclude that the trap of oil is controlled by sedimentary and structure. The favorable areas distribute in the middle southern area, the southwest, and the eastern. The northern oiliness is not good since the sand body of Fuwan delta extends relative short and is damaged by the uplifted structure on the liaozhuang period.
     9、Predict two favorable target in the the favorable area and provide the concrete weill location. The first that could exist nipped sand trap or fault-lithology trap is between the bi145 weill and the bi137 well,the second that could exist fault-lithology trap or lentic trap is between the bi15 well and the bi397 well.
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