基于DEM骨架特征点线的地貌自动综合研究
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摘要
地貌自动综合是具有较高难度的科研问题,也是一项极具挑战力的研究课题,已是影响GIS发展的关键原因之一。本文从新的方法和角度出发,对基于DEM的地貌自动综合进行了研究探讨。
基于DEM骨架特征点线进行地貌的自动综合,是通过提取DEM地形骨架特征数据来实现地貌自动综合,是对地貌自动综合新方法的探索。本文以黄土高原岔巴沟流域的DEM为数据源,研究了基于DEM地形骨架特征数据的提取,实现了线性数据转化为离散的点集数据,然后对其进行分级,通过控制点集数据的空间分布密度,生成不同详细程度的TIN与DEM,并确定了最佳点集密度,从而简化了地貌细节,实现了1:1万DEM到1:5万DEM的地貌自动综合。最后,以国家生产的1:5万等高线及1:5万DEM为基础,对综合得到的DEM从高程精度和地形参数两个方面进行了精度分析。
研究结果表明,基于高精度DEM提取地形特征骨架点线,进而内插所得到的DEM基本达到了国家二级1:5万DEM精度标准,其地形参数频谱曲线与国家生产的1:5万DEM具有很高的相关性,且与重采样的1:5万DEM相比,具有更高的精确性。基于DEM骨架特征点线进行地貌自动综合,是对基于DEM的地貌自动综合方法的完善,为地貌的自动综合探索出一条新的思路。
Relief Automated Generalization is a higher degree of difficulty the issue, also is one of the greatest challenges of the research project, become the development of GIS affect one of the reasons. In this paper, from a new method and perspective, discuss and study the Relief Automated Generalization based on DEM.
It is a new approach to explore Relief Automated Generalization, based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automate generalize relief, through the extraction DEM terrain skeleton characteristics of the data to automate generalize relief. Based on the Loess Plateau drainage area of Chabagou DEM data sources, extract the skeleton characteristics point and line of DEM, To achieve a linear data into discrete point set of data, and then grade of them, through the control point set the spatial distribution of data density, configurative different level of TIN, which build DEM, achieved the relief generalization from the 1:10000 DEM to the 1:50000 DEM. Finally, evaluate the generalize result of the 1:50000 DEM in elevation accuracy and terrain parameter according to the original 1:50000 contours and 1:50000 DEM.
The result shows that based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automated generalize relief, the generalize result of the 1:50000 DEM has a high accuracy, and achieve second level of the accuracy criteria of national 1:50000 DEM, it's terrain parameter frequency spectrum also has a highly correlation with the terrain parameter frequency spectrum derived from the national 1:5 0000 DEM, and contrast to the resampling of 1:50000 DEM, it has a higher accuracy. Based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automated generalize relief, to some extent, it improve and perfect of the relief automated generalization based on DEM and establish the foundation for relief automated generalization and the research.
基于DEM骨架特征点线进行地貌的自动综合,是通过提取DEM地形骨架特征数据来实现地貌自动综合,是对地貌自动综合新方法的探索。本文以黄土高原岔巴沟流域的DEM为数据源,研究了基于DEM地形骨架特征数据的提取,实现了线性数据转化为离散的点集数据,然后对其进行分级,通过控制点集数据的空间分布密度,生成不同详细程度的TIN与DEM,并确定了最佳点集密度,从而简化了地貌细节,实现了1:1万DEM到1:5万DEM的地貌自动综合。最后,以国家生产的1:5万等高线及1:5万DEM为基础,对综合得到的DEM从高程精度和地形参数两个方面进行了精度分析。
研究结果表明,基于高精度DEM提取地形特征骨架点线,进而内插所得到的DEM基本达到了国家二级1:5万DEM精度标准,其地形参数频谱曲线与国家生产的1:5万DEM具有很高的相关性,且与重采样的1:5万DEM相比,具有更高的精确性。基于DEM骨架特征点线进行地貌自动综合,是对基于DEM的地貌自动综合方法的完善,为地貌的自动综合探索出一条新的思路。
Relief Automated Generalization is a higher degree of difficulty the issue, also is one of the greatest challenges of the research project, become the development of GIS affect one of the reasons. In this paper, from a new method and perspective, discuss and study the Relief Automated Generalization based on DEM.
It is a new approach to explore Relief Automated Generalization, based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automate generalize relief, through the extraction DEM terrain skeleton characteristics of the data to automate generalize relief. Based on the Loess Plateau drainage area of Chabagou DEM data sources, extract the skeleton characteristics point and line of DEM, To achieve a linear data into discrete point set of data, and then grade of them, through the control point set the spatial distribution of data density, configurative different level of TIN, which build DEM, achieved the relief generalization from the 1:10000 DEM to the 1:50000 DEM. Finally, evaluate the generalize result of the 1:50000 DEM in elevation accuracy and terrain parameter according to the original 1:50000 contours and 1:50000 DEM.
The result shows that based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automated generalize relief, the generalize result of the 1:50000 DEM has a high accuracy, and achieve second level of the accuracy criteria of national 1:50000 DEM, it's terrain parameter frequency spectrum also has a highly correlation with the terrain parameter frequency spectrum derived from the national 1:5 0000 DEM, and contrast to the resampling of 1:50000 DEM, it has a higher accuracy. Based on DEM skeleton characteristic point and line to automated generalize relief, to some extent, it improve and perfect of the relief automated generalization based on DEM and establish the foundation for relief automated generalization and the research.
引文
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[6]Martz W.and de Jong E.Cateh:a Fortran program for measuring catchment area for Digitalel evationmodel[J],Computer&Geoscieces,1988,14(5):627-640
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[18]StePhen A W,Yong Wang.Utilizing DEMs derived from LIDAR data to analyze morphologyic change in the North Carolina coastline.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,85:39-47
[19]周治武,刘永,陈飞翔.海底地形地貌地理信息系统的设计与实现.计算机与现代化,2003,91(3):19-20
[20]胡宝清,黄秋燕,廖赤眉等.基于GSI与RS的喀斯特石漠化与土壤类型的空间相关性分析--以广西都瑶族自治县为例.水土保持通报,2004,24(5)66-70
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[22]KuhniA,Pfinffner O.A.The relief of the Swiss AIPs and adjacent aeras and its relation to lithology and strueture:to Pographic analysis from a 250-m DEM.Geomorphology,2001,41(4)258-307
[23]卢耀武.DEM在土壤侵蚀调查中的应用[J]福建水土保持,1999,3:58-60
[24]程三友,刘少峰,张会平等.大别山构造地貌的DEM初步分析[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(4):333-339
[25]刘瑞民,杨志峰,沈珍瑶等.基于DME的长江上游土地利用分析[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(1):102-108
[26]董雾.数字高程模型在陷落柱林三维空间形态表达和剥蚀回溯中的应用.硕士毕业论文,太原理工大学,2003.
[27]严钦尚,曾昭漩。地貌学[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2004。
[28]王家耀,普通地图制图综合原理[M],测绘出版社,1992。
[29]毋河海,地貌形态自动综合问题[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1995
[30]郭庆胜.线状要素图形综合的渐进式方法研究[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998
[31]费立凡,何津,马晨燕,颜辉武.3维Douglas-Peucker算法及其在DEM自动综合中的应用研究[J].测绘学报,2006,35(3):278-284
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