河北省河流生态健康评价及修复技术研究
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摘要
摘要河流对于人类社会的发展起到了至关重要的作用,但随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对于河流水资源过度的开发及不合理利用,河流生态环境已经受到了严重的破坏。从可持续发展及实现人水和谐共存的角度出发,河流生态环境的修复已经越来越迫切,同时河流生态修复已经成为水利建设的主要任务。根据对河北省六大河流水系的现状分析,运用综合指数法对河流生态健康状况进行了合理的评价分析,对河流健康所存在的问题提出了相应的生态修复技术,并以滦河(滦县段)为应用实例进行了生态修复设计。主要内容及结论如下:
(1)根据河北省六大河流水系水资源配置状况,从六大河流水系最突出的问题出发,本文选择反应河流生态环境状况、河流防洪状况、河流水资源状况的11个指标对六大河流水系状况进行客观合理的评价。评价结果显示滦河、北三河、永定河、大清河、子牙河、漳卫南运河的河流健康状况依次为亚健康、亚健康、不健康、亚健康、不健康、不健康。经过分析总结后得出六大河系生态受损的主要原因是:河流水资源的过度开发;上游建库、修筑闸坝致使中下游河段来水量严重减少,河流水文条件呈不连续性状态;流域内大量污染水体排泄入河,致使水体环境严重受损;流域内以及河流周围自然植被破坏,水土流失现象严重。
(2)通过对河北省六大河流水系生态环境受损原因的具体分析,提出了对河流断流恢复、河流水质修复改善、鱼类多样性的恢复、河道行洪能力的改善、河道岸坡防护及河岸缓冲带的修复的具体措施和方法。分析总结了各河系主要河段存在问题,运用生态补水、水污染控制及净化技术、以绿代水等修复方法,提出了相应的修复重点。
(3)结合生态修复、景观设计与河道整治的思路,以滦河(滦县段)为应用实例做了相应的生态修复设计。在整个设计过程中,以河道整治及生态修复为主题,处处糅合景观设计理念,以生态、水工、景观三方结合的方式为今后治河提供了一定的参考价值。
本文的研究成果完善了河流健康评价及生态修复的基本理论,对河北省六大河流水系的生态修复具有一定的现实意义。
Rivers have been playing a vital role for the development of human society. With the development of social and economic, the river water resources using has become more and more irrationally, the river ecological environment has been damaged seriously. From the point of sustainable development and the harmonious coexistence of water and people, the repair of the ecological environment has become more and more urgent and the repair of environment has become a main task for water conservancy construction. According to the analysis of the present situation of Hebei six river system, the river ecosystem health status was evaluated and analysed reasonable by using the composite index method, the river ecological restoration techniques was summarized according to health problems existing in the river, and the ecological restoration was designed for applications in Luan River (Luan Xian section). Main content and conclusions as follows:
(1) According to the water resources allocation and the most prominent problems, six rivers system was evaluated objective and rationally by the 11 indexes of river ecological environment situation, river flood situation, river water resources situation. Results showed that the health status of Luan River, Beisan River, Yongding River, Daqing River, the north of Zhangwei River was sub-health, sub-health, unhealthy, sub-health, unhealthy, unhealthy. The main reasons were: river water resources were developed excessively; reservoirs and sluices were built upstream causing the inflow of middle and lower reaches decreasing seriously and rivers hydrological conditions were discontinuous; the river water environment was damaged by the massive pollution discharge into the river; natural vegetation in the basin or around the river were destroyed causing serious soil erosion.
(2) According to the analysis of the reasons for the damage of the six river in Hebei province, the methods for the recover of river blanking, the repair and improve of the river water quality, the restore of fish diversity, the improve of the river passage capability, the protection of river bank and the mend of river buffer zone was put forward. The problems in the main section of the river system was analyzed and summed up. The key and methods of repair was discussed using the methods of ecological water supplement, water pollution control and purification technology, using the green plant instead of water, etc.
(3) The corresponding ecological restoration design was made with the application example of Luan River (Luan Xian section) combined with ecological restoration, landscape design and river regulation. During the design process, certain reference value was provided by the theme of river regulation and ecological restoration, the landscape design idea of soft, the methods of the bond with ecological, water conservancy and landscape.
The basic theory of the river health assessment and ecological repairment was perfected by the results in this passage which has a certain practical significance to the ecological restoration of the six river system in Hebei province.
(1)根据河北省六大河流水系水资源配置状况,从六大河流水系最突出的问题出发,本文选择反应河流生态环境状况、河流防洪状况、河流水资源状况的11个指标对六大河流水系状况进行客观合理的评价。评价结果显示滦河、北三河、永定河、大清河、子牙河、漳卫南运河的河流健康状况依次为亚健康、亚健康、不健康、亚健康、不健康、不健康。经过分析总结后得出六大河系生态受损的主要原因是:河流水资源的过度开发;上游建库、修筑闸坝致使中下游河段来水量严重减少,河流水文条件呈不连续性状态;流域内大量污染水体排泄入河,致使水体环境严重受损;流域内以及河流周围自然植被破坏,水土流失现象严重。
(2)通过对河北省六大河流水系生态环境受损原因的具体分析,提出了对河流断流恢复、河流水质修复改善、鱼类多样性的恢复、河道行洪能力的改善、河道岸坡防护及河岸缓冲带的修复的具体措施和方法。分析总结了各河系主要河段存在问题,运用生态补水、水污染控制及净化技术、以绿代水等修复方法,提出了相应的修复重点。
(3)结合生态修复、景观设计与河道整治的思路,以滦河(滦县段)为应用实例做了相应的生态修复设计。在整个设计过程中,以河道整治及生态修复为主题,处处糅合景观设计理念,以生态、水工、景观三方结合的方式为今后治河提供了一定的参考价值。
本文的研究成果完善了河流健康评价及生态修复的基本理论,对河北省六大河流水系的生态修复具有一定的现实意义。
Rivers have been playing a vital role for the development of human society. With the development of social and economic, the river water resources using has become more and more irrationally, the river ecological environment has been damaged seriously. From the point of sustainable development and the harmonious coexistence of water and people, the repair of the ecological environment has become more and more urgent and the repair of environment has become a main task for water conservancy construction. According to the analysis of the present situation of Hebei six river system, the river ecosystem health status was evaluated and analysed reasonable by using the composite index method, the river ecological restoration techniques was summarized according to health problems existing in the river, and the ecological restoration was designed for applications in Luan River (Luan Xian section). Main content and conclusions as follows:
(1) According to the water resources allocation and the most prominent problems, six rivers system was evaluated objective and rationally by the 11 indexes of river ecological environment situation, river flood situation, river water resources situation. Results showed that the health status of Luan River, Beisan River, Yongding River, Daqing River, the north of Zhangwei River was sub-health, sub-health, unhealthy, sub-health, unhealthy, unhealthy. The main reasons were: river water resources were developed excessively; reservoirs and sluices were built upstream causing the inflow of middle and lower reaches decreasing seriously and rivers hydrological conditions were discontinuous; the river water environment was damaged by the massive pollution discharge into the river; natural vegetation in the basin or around the river were destroyed causing serious soil erosion.
(2) According to the analysis of the reasons for the damage of the six river in Hebei province, the methods for the recover of river blanking, the repair and improve of the river water quality, the restore of fish diversity, the improve of the river passage capability, the protection of river bank and the mend of river buffer zone was put forward. The problems in the main section of the river system was analyzed and summed up. The key and methods of repair was discussed using the methods of ecological water supplement, water pollution control and purification technology, using the green plant instead of water, etc.
(3) The corresponding ecological restoration design was made with the application example of Luan River (Luan Xian section) combined with ecological restoration, landscape design and river regulation. During the design process, certain reference value was provided by the theme of river regulation and ecological restoration, the landscape design idea of soft, the methods of the bond with ecological, water conservancy and landscape.
The basic theory of the river health assessment and ecological repairment was perfected by the results in this passage which has a certain practical significance to the ecological restoration of the six river system in Hebei province.
引文
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