福建漳州晚第四纪以来的环境演变
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摘要
福建省大地构造位置处于华南褶皱系东部,晚三叠纪以来就进入了濒太平洋大陆边缘活动地带发展阶段,由于地质历史长期处于这种特定构造环境,构造活动带极为复杂,活动带不断变迁,但其分布具有明显的方向性,都呈北东向带状分布。漳州则位于福建省三大构造单元中的闽东火山断坳带之中,就是受控于北东向和北西向两组断裂构造相互切割而成的,是一个以北西向断裂起主导作用的地堑型的断陷盆地。受构造影响,区内沉积物发育不尽相同,为研究方便,将漳州分为两个沉积小区,分别为漳州小区和珩坑—天宝小区。
根据漳州盆地野外勘察、钻孔岩芯、浅层地震剖面探测、构造解译及分析,~(14)C和光释光测年等,对岩性、沉积相、沉积旋回、沉积层序、孢粉及藻类组合进行分析、确定了地层划分依据、岩性标志层、不整合面、断层位置及活动时间等,利用层序和年代学对比方法,绘制连孔柱状图和二维剖面的等时层序格架对比图,提出了精细的地层划分和对比方案。第四系划分为更新统上部龙海组和东山组、全新统长乐组。在地层划分的同时建立了盆地分析等时地层单元对比和地层格架。根据详细的第四纪沉积物粒度、有孔虫及硅藻分析,并综合研究区内代表性钻孔的岩性和岩相等资料,得出了研究区第四系沉积环境及其演化的认识。研究表明漳州第四系演化历史、地层发育完整程度、起始时间、成因类型、厚度和沉积特征各不相同,其沉积环境以海湾相为主。利用岩芯孢粉样品,采用孢粉谱定量分析的方法,并结合~(14)C和光释光测年数据,揭示了各地区第四纪以来的气候演化过程。从晚更新世晚期以来,福建东南沿海地区气候总体为温暖型,但期间经历了冷、热不断交替的五大变化期,其中晚更新世晚期两期即由温暖偏干→温暖湿润,全新世有三期即温暖偏干→温暖湿润→温暖偏干。结合地层、测年、孢粉、沉积物、构造等资料对福建东部沿海晚更新世以来的环境变迁对全球变化的响应作出了分析。
将福建漳州、泉州、厦门沉积物、地层、气候等逐一进行对比研究,反映出福建东部沿海地区晚更新世以来环境变化与全球变化是相一致的的。经历了两次海侵。但受构造影响,各地沉积环境略有所不同。
Fujian province tectonically located in the east of Huanan fold system, and it has entered active evolving stage of close Pacific continental margin since late Triassic. Long geologic history belong to this specific tectonic environment made the structure active zone very complicated, and the active zone is continuously changed, but with obvious directivity—NE direction, and belted distribution. Zhangzhou, located in the Ming Dong volcanic fault depression which is one of the three big tectonic units in Fujian province, controlled by NE and NW two groups of mutual incised faults, is a fault basin dominated by the NW faults. The depositions in the study area changed because of the structure. For the convenience of study, we divided study area into 2 sub-area: zhangzhou subarea and Xingken-tianbao sub area.To study Zhangzhou basin, we integrated the results of Field trip, cores study of borehole, shallow seismic survey, structure interpretation and analysis, 14C analysis, and OSL dating, lithology, sediment facies, deposition cycling, sediment sequence, study of spore, pollen and alga, determined the stratigraphic evidence and lithology marker, unconformity, fault location and its active time,et. Apply chronology comparison and sequence methods to map the cross well histogram and 2D section isotime sequence scheme comparison map, raised a fine strata dividing and comparing plan. Quaternary is divided into Upper Pleistocene with Long Hai and Dongshan formation, Holocene with changle formation. At the same time, established a Basin analysis of isotime strata unit comparison and strata scheme. According to the analysis of detailed quaternary sedimentary granularity, foraminifer, and diatom, integrating with the typical lithology and lithofacies data of wells in the study area, understood the quaternary deposition environment and its development in the area.The study indicates that the evolvement history of quaternary and strata development in Zhangzhou area is integrity, but the starting time, type of formation, thickness and sediment characteristic are different with a mainly gulf
根据漳州盆地野外勘察、钻孔岩芯、浅层地震剖面探测、构造解译及分析,~(14)C和光释光测年等,对岩性、沉积相、沉积旋回、沉积层序、孢粉及藻类组合进行分析、确定了地层划分依据、岩性标志层、不整合面、断层位置及活动时间等,利用层序和年代学对比方法,绘制连孔柱状图和二维剖面的等时层序格架对比图,提出了精细的地层划分和对比方案。第四系划分为更新统上部龙海组和东山组、全新统长乐组。在地层划分的同时建立了盆地分析等时地层单元对比和地层格架。根据详细的第四纪沉积物粒度、有孔虫及硅藻分析,并综合研究区内代表性钻孔的岩性和岩相等资料,得出了研究区第四系沉积环境及其演化的认识。研究表明漳州第四系演化历史、地层发育完整程度、起始时间、成因类型、厚度和沉积特征各不相同,其沉积环境以海湾相为主。利用岩芯孢粉样品,采用孢粉谱定量分析的方法,并结合~(14)C和光释光测年数据,揭示了各地区第四纪以来的气候演化过程。从晚更新世晚期以来,福建东南沿海地区气候总体为温暖型,但期间经历了冷、热不断交替的五大变化期,其中晚更新世晚期两期即由温暖偏干→温暖湿润,全新世有三期即温暖偏干→温暖湿润→温暖偏干。结合地层、测年、孢粉、沉积物、构造等资料对福建东部沿海晚更新世以来的环境变迁对全球变化的响应作出了分析。
将福建漳州、泉州、厦门沉积物、地层、气候等逐一进行对比研究,反映出福建东部沿海地区晚更新世以来环境变化与全球变化是相一致的的。经历了两次海侵。但受构造影响,各地沉积环境略有所不同。
Fujian province tectonically located in the east of Huanan fold system, and it has entered active evolving stage of close Pacific continental margin since late Triassic. Long geologic history belong to this specific tectonic environment made the structure active zone very complicated, and the active zone is continuously changed, but with obvious directivity—NE direction, and belted distribution. Zhangzhou, located in the Ming Dong volcanic fault depression which is one of the three big tectonic units in Fujian province, controlled by NE and NW two groups of mutual incised faults, is a fault basin dominated by the NW faults. The depositions in the study area changed because of the structure. For the convenience of study, we divided study area into 2 sub-area: zhangzhou subarea and Xingken-tianbao sub area.To study Zhangzhou basin, we integrated the results of Field trip, cores study of borehole, shallow seismic survey, structure interpretation and analysis, 14C analysis, and OSL dating, lithology, sediment facies, deposition cycling, sediment sequence, study of spore, pollen and alga, determined the stratigraphic evidence and lithology marker, unconformity, fault location and its active time,et. Apply chronology comparison and sequence methods to map the cross well histogram and 2D section isotime sequence scheme comparison map, raised a fine strata dividing and comparing plan. Quaternary is divided into Upper Pleistocene with Long Hai and Dongshan formation, Holocene with changle formation. At the same time, established a Basin analysis of isotime strata unit comparison and strata scheme. According to the analysis of detailed quaternary sedimentary granularity, foraminifer, and diatom, integrating with the typical lithology and lithofacies data of wells in the study area, understood the quaternary deposition environment and its development in the area.The study indicates that the evolvement history of quaternary and strata development in Zhangzhou area is integrity, but the starting time, type of formation, thickness and sediment characteristic are different with a mainly gulf
引文
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