油品调合优化问题的模糊规划模型及其求解
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摘要
油品调合是炼油厂重要的生产工序，对油品调合进行优化可以给炼油厂带来显著的经济效益。
考虑到油品调合中的市场需求、调合能力、罐容量等不确定性约束，本文提出了用模糊规划方法解决此类问题并建立了油品调合模糊规划模型。通过某炼厂油品调合的实例分析，最优调合结果表明用模糊规划方法处理油品调合中的模糊性问题，能够在满足一定的质量标准要求下，提高生产利润，从而验证了此方法的有效性。论文的主要研究工作和创新如下：
(1)对模糊规划方法和油品调合技术进行研究，详细阐述了汽油和柴油的关键技术指标的调合模型，为建立油品调合模糊规划模型打下基础；
(2)运用模糊规划理论，针对传统的油品调合技术，建立了油品调合模糊单目标线性规划模型、模糊多目标线性规划模型，转化为普通线性规划后用单纯形法进行求解；
(3)由于辛烷值、闪点等关键性技术指标调合前后存在非线性，建立了模糊非线性规划模型。将模糊非线性规划转化为普通非线性规划后，用线性逼近法和罚函数法等非线性规划的常规方法进行求解。
(4)由于单周期模型不能很好地反映油品调合中油品性质、调合调度的变化，引入多周期优化技术，建立了模糊多周期模糊规划模型。
(5)为了提高油品调合的生产利润，降低调合费用，以利润最大、调合次数最小为目标，建立了模糊混合整数规划模型。结合模糊规划方法可用枚举法、分枝定界法、遗传算法等进行求解。
Oil blending is an important production working procedure in a refinery and the great benefit of refineries can be achieved from the optimization of oil blending.
Considering the uncertain constraints of oil blending such as market demand, blending ability, capability of tank and so on, this dissertation presents an optimization method of fuzzy programming to solve these problems and establishes the fuzzy programming models of oil blending. By analyzing the example of oil blending in one refinery, the outcomes of the blending optimization show that dealing with the fuzzy problems of a refinery with fuzzy programming method can increase the production profit. So it validates that the method is validity. The main work and innovation of this dissertation is as follows.
( I ) Based on the analysis of the fuzzy programming method and oil blending technology, some key technological qualities of the main oil production such as gasoline and diesel oil are expounded and the fuzzy programming models of oil blending are put forward.
( II ) Applying the theory of fuzzy programming to the oil blending, the models of fuzzy single goal linear programming and fuzzy multi-goal linear programming are presented for the conventional technology of oil blending. And the solutions of the models can be found by simplex method after transforming the fuzzy programming to the determinate programming.
(III) The model of fuzzy nonlinear programming is presented because of the nonlinear characteristic exists in the oil blending such as octane number and flash point. After transforming the fuzzy model to determinate model, the solutions can be found by common nonlinear optimization method such as Successive Linear Programming and Penal Function Method and so on.
(IV) Because the change of oil characteristic and the blending schedule can not been reflected from the models of conventional single-period optimization technology well that the model of multi-period fuzzy programming is presented by importing the multi-period optimization technology to the oil blending.
(V) In order to increase the production profit and decrease the blending cost, the model of fuzzy mixed-integer programming is presented with the goal of the maximum profit and the minimum blending times. And the solution of the model can be found by the method such as Enumeration Method, Branch and Bound, and Genetic Algorithms combining with fuzzy programming method.
考虑到油品调合中的市场需求、调合能力、罐容量等不确定性约束，本文提出了用模糊规划方法解决此类问题并建立了油品调合模糊规划模型。通过某炼厂油品调合的实例分析，最优调合结果表明用模糊规划方法处理油品调合中的模糊性问题，能够在满足一定的质量标准要求下，提高生产利润，从而验证了此方法的有效性。论文的主要研究工作和创新如下：
(1)对模糊规划方法和油品调合技术进行研究，详细阐述了汽油和柴油的关键技术指标的调合模型，为建立油品调合模糊规划模型打下基础；
(2)运用模糊规划理论，针对传统的油品调合技术，建立了油品调合模糊单目标线性规划模型、模糊多目标线性规划模型，转化为普通线性规划后用单纯形法进行求解；
(3)由于辛烷值、闪点等关键性技术指标调合前后存在非线性，建立了模糊非线性规划模型。将模糊非线性规划转化为普通非线性规划后，用线性逼近法和罚函数法等非线性规划的常规方法进行求解。
(4)由于单周期模型不能很好地反映油品调合中油品性质、调合调度的变化，引入多周期优化技术，建立了模糊多周期模糊规划模型。
(5)为了提高油品调合的生产利润，降低调合费用，以利润最大、调合次数最小为目标，建立了模糊混合整数规划模型。结合模糊规划方法可用枚举法、分枝定界法、遗传算法等进行求解。
Oil blending is an important production working procedure in a refinery and the great benefit of refineries can be achieved from the optimization of oil blending.
Considering the uncertain constraints of oil blending such as market demand, blending ability, capability of tank and so on, this dissertation presents an optimization method of fuzzy programming to solve these problems and establishes the fuzzy programming models of oil blending. By analyzing the example of oil blending in one refinery, the outcomes of the blending optimization show that dealing with the fuzzy problems of a refinery with fuzzy programming method can increase the production profit. So it validates that the method is validity. The main work and innovation of this dissertation is as follows.
( I ) Based on the analysis of the fuzzy programming method and oil blending technology, some key technological qualities of the main oil production such as gasoline and diesel oil are expounded and the fuzzy programming models of oil blending are put forward.
( II ) Applying the theory of fuzzy programming to the oil blending, the models of fuzzy single goal linear programming and fuzzy multi-goal linear programming are presented for the conventional technology of oil blending. And the solutions of the models can be found by simplex method after transforming the fuzzy programming to the determinate programming.
(III) The model of fuzzy nonlinear programming is presented because of the nonlinear characteristic exists in the oil blending such as octane number and flash point. After transforming the fuzzy model to determinate model, the solutions can be found by common nonlinear optimization method such as Successive Linear Programming and Penal Function Method and so on.
(IV) Because the change of oil characteristic and the blending schedule can not been reflected from the models of conventional single-period optimization technology well that the model of multi-period fuzzy programming is presented by importing the multi-period optimization technology to the oil blending.
(V) In order to increase the production profit and decrease the blending cost, the model of fuzzy mixed-integer programming is presented with the goal of the maximum profit and the minimum blending times. And the solution of the model can be found by the method such as Enumeration Method, Branch and Bound, and Genetic Algorithms combining with fuzzy programming method.
引文
[1] 蔡智等．油品调合技术．北京：中国石化出版社，2005
[2] 侯祥麟．中国炼油技术．北京：中国石化出版社，1992：558-584
[3] 寿德清，山红红．石油加工概论．山东：石油大学出版社，1996
[4] 王霆．基于数据挖掘的油品调合及配方优化．沈阳化工学院硕士论文，沈阳化工学，沈阳：2003
[5] 陈新志．调合汽油研究法辛烷值模型的建立．石油炼制与化工，1997，28(1)：52-55
[6] B.S.N. Murty, R.N Rao. Global optimization for prediction of blend composition of gasolines of desired octane number and properties. Fuel Processing Technology 85 (2004) 1595-1602
[7] 王晓峰，王延，罗焕左等．汽油辛烷值智能调合系统．沈阳化工学院硕士论文，沈阳化工学院，沈阳：2003
[8] J.M. Pinto, M. Joly, L.F.L. Moro. Planning and scheduling models for refinery operations. Computers and Chemical Engineering 24 (2000) 2259-2276
[9] 梁树桐．石油产品调合模型和优化方法研究．中国石油化工科学研究院硕士论文，中国石油化工科学研究院，北京：1999
[10] 宋洁蔚．油品生产与储运调度问题研究．浙江大学博士学位论文，浙江大学，浙江：2003
[11] 李祖奎．油品调合优化与控制研究．中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文，中国科学技术大学，合肥：2005
[12] 薛美盛，李祖奎，吴刚等．成品油调合调度优化模型及其应用．石油炼制与化工，2005，36(3)：64-68
[13] 任军，李兵．汽油调合的目标规划方法．石油炼制与化工，1994，25(10)：24-28
[14] 金三桂．油品调合线性规划模型的自动生成及求解程序．石油炼制与化工，1994，25(5)：35-40
[15] 缪良才等．成品油调合优化模型及其应用研究．模糊系统与数学，2003，17(4)：104-110
[16] 曹萃文，顾幸生．非线性油品调合在炼油厂中的应用．化工自动化及仪表，2005，32(6)：12-15
[17] 杨纶标 高英仪．模糊数学原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，2001
[18] 刘保碇，赵瑞清．随机规划与模糊规划．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[19] Baodingliu, Kakuzo Iwamura. Fuzzy programming with fuzzy decisions and fuzzy simulation-based genetic algorithm. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 122 (2001) 253-262
[20] 唐加福，汪定伟．模糊优化理论与方法的研究综述．控制理论与应用．2000，17(2)：159-164
[21] Tang J and Wang D. A non-symmetric model for fuzzy nonlinear programming problems with penalty coefficients. Computers & Operations Research, 1997, 24 (8): 717-725
[22] Ramadan Hamed Mohanmed. The relationship between goal programming and fuzzy programming. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 89 (1997) 215-222
[23] Hiroaki Kuwano. On the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem: Goal programming approach. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 82(1996) 57-64
[24] B.B. Pal, B.N.Moitra.U.Maulik. A goal programming procedure for fuzzy multiobj ective linear fractional programming problem. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 139 (2003)395-405
[25] Suwarna Hulsurkar. Fuzzy programming approach to multi-objective stochastic linear programming problems, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, India, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 88(1997) 173-181
[26] H. Katagiri, M. Sakawa, K. Kato and I. Nishizaki et al. A Fuzzy Random Multiobjective 0-1 Programming Based on the Expectaion Optimization Model Using Possibility and Necessity Measures. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 40 (2004) 411-421
[27] Mitsuo Gen etal. Fuzzy Nonlinear Goal Programming Using Genetic Algorithm. Computers ind. Engng Vol. 33 (1997):39-42
[28] Shou-Yu Chen, Guang-Tao Fu. Combining fuzzy iteration model with dynamic programming to solve multiobjective multistage decision making problems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 152 (2005) 499-512
[29] 张国立，李庚银，谢宏等．多目标加权模糊非线性规划．华北电力大学学报，2004，31(1)：33-35
[30] 宿洁．多目标模糊系数规划．模糊系统与数学，2005，19(1)：106-110
[31] 成思危，胡清雅，刘敏．大型线性目标规划及其应用．郑州：河南科学技术出版社，2000
[32] 唐焕文，秦学志．实用最优化方法．大连：大连理工大学出版社．2004
[33] 卢开澄．单目标、多目标与整数规划．北京：清华大学出版社．1999
[34] 张文修，梁怡．遗传算法的数学基础(第2版)．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2003．5
[35] Hsiao-Fan Wang, Miao-Ling Wang. A fuzzy multiobjective linear programming. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 86(1997) 61-72
[36] Jaroslav Ramik. Fuzzy goals and fuzzy alternatives in goal programming problems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 111 (2000) 81-86
[37] Lu,fianjun, Fang Shu-Cherng. Solving nonlinear optimization problems with fuzzy relation equation. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 2001,119(1): 1-20
[38] C. Stanciulescu, Ph. Fortemps, M.Installe et al. Multiobjective fuzzy linear programming problems with fuzzy decision variables. European Journal of Operational Research 149 (2003) 654-675
[39] 胡宝清．模糊理论基础．武汉大学：武汉大学出版社，2004：301-339
[40] 肖芳淳，张效羽，张鹏等．模糊分析设计在石油工业中的应用．北京：石油工业出版社，1992
[41] 张增科．模糊数学在自动化技术中的应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[42] Lushu Li, k.k. Lai. A fuzzy approach to the multiobjective transportation problem. Computers & Operations Research 27 (2000) 43-57
[43] Masatoshi Sakawa, Ryo Kubota. Fuzzy programming for multiobjective job shop scheduling with fuzzy processing time and fuzzy duedate through genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research 120 (2000) 393-407
[44] 李绍军，林海波，阳永荣．模糊规划在炼油厂生产计划优化中的应用．石油学报，2002，18(1)：78-83
[45] 杨树国．模糊线性规划在企业生产管理中的应用研究．哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，18(3)：275-284
[46] V. Ravi, P. J. Reddy. Fuzzy linear fractional goal programming applied to refinery operations planning. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1998, 96 (2): 173-182
[47] V.Ravi, P.J. Reddy, D.Dutta. Application of fuzzy nonlinear goal programming to a refinery model. Computers chem. Engng, Vol.22, No. 4/5, 1998:709-712
[48] Heinrich Rommelfanger. Fuzzy linear programming and application. European Journal of Operational Research 92 (1996) 512-527
[49] M.Chakraborty, M.K.Chandra. Multicriteria decision making for optimal blending for beneficiation of coala fuzzy programming approach. The International Journal of Management Science. Omega 33 (2005) 413 -418
[50] 席少霖，赵风治．最优化计算方法．上海：上海科学出版社，1983
[51] 黄雍检，赖明勇．MATLAB语言在运筹学中的应用．长沙：河南大学出版社，2005：16-106
[2] 侯祥麟．中国炼油技术．北京：中国石化出版社，1992：558-584
[3] 寿德清，山红红．石油加工概论．山东：石油大学出版社，1996
[4] 王霆．基于数据挖掘的油品调合及配方优化．沈阳化工学院硕士论文，沈阳化工学，沈阳：2003
[5] 陈新志．调合汽油研究法辛烷值模型的建立．石油炼制与化工，1997，28(1)：52-55
[6] B.S.N. Murty, R.N Rao. Global optimization for prediction of blend composition of gasolines of desired octane number and properties. Fuel Processing Technology 85 (2004) 1595-1602
[7] 王晓峰，王延，罗焕左等．汽油辛烷值智能调合系统．沈阳化工学院硕士论文，沈阳化工学院，沈阳：2003
[8] J.M. Pinto, M. Joly, L.F.L. Moro. Planning and scheduling models for refinery operations. Computers and Chemical Engineering 24 (2000) 2259-2276
[9] 梁树桐．石油产品调合模型和优化方法研究．中国石油化工科学研究院硕士论文，中国石油化工科学研究院，北京：1999
[10] 宋洁蔚．油品生产与储运调度问题研究．浙江大学博士学位论文，浙江大学，浙江：2003
[11] 李祖奎．油品调合优化与控制研究．中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文，中国科学技术大学，合肥：2005
[12] 薛美盛，李祖奎，吴刚等．成品油调合调度优化模型及其应用．石油炼制与化工，2005，36(3)：64-68
[13] 任军，李兵．汽油调合的目标规划方法．石油炼制与化工，1994，25(10)：24-28
[14] 金三桂．油品调合线性规划模型的自动生成及求解程序．石油炼制与化工，1994，25(5)：35-40
[15] 缪良才等．成品油调合优化模型及其应用研究．模糊系统与数学，2003，17(4)：104-110
[16] 曹萃文，顾幸生．非线性油品调合在炼油厂中的应用．化工自动化及仪表，2005，32(6)：12-15
[17] 杨纶标 高英仪．模糊数学原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，2001
[18] 刘保碇，赵瑞清．随机规划与模糊规划．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[19] Baodingliu, Kakuzo Iwamura. Fuzzy programming with fuzzy decisions and fuzzy simulation-based genetic algorithm. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 122 (2001) 253-262
[20] 唐加福，汪定伟．模糊优化理论与方法的研究综述．控制理论与应用．2000，17(2)：159-164
[21] Tang J and Wang D. A non-symmetric model for fuzzy nonlinear programming problems with penalty coefficients. Computers & Operations Research, 1997, 24 (8): 717-725
[22] Ramadan Hamed Mohanmed. The relationship between goal programming and fuzzy programming. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 89 (1997) 215-222
[23] Hiroaki Kuwano. On the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem: Goal programming approach. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 82(1996) 57-64
[24] B.B. Pal, B.N.Moitra.U.Maulik. A goal programming procedure for fuzzy multiobj ective linear fractional programming problem. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 139 (2003)395-405
[25] Suwarna Hulsurkar. Fuzzy programming approach to multi-objective stochastic linear programming problems, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, India, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 88(1997) 173-181
[26] H. Katagiri, M. Sakawa, K. Kato and I. Nishizaki et al. A Fuzzy Random Multiobjective 0-1 Programming Based on the Expectaion Optimization Model Using Possibility and Necessity Measures. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 40 (2004) 411-421
[27] Mitsuo Gen etal. Fuzzy Nonlinear Goal Programming Using Genetic Algorithm. Computers ind. Engng Vol. 33 (1997):39-42
[28] Shou-Yu Chen, Guang-Tao Fu. Combining fuzzy iteration model with dynamic programming to solve multiobjective multistage decision making problems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 152 (2005) 499-512
[29] 张国立，李庚银，谢宏等．多目标加权模糊非线性规划．华北电力大学学报，2004，31(1)：33-35
[30] 宿洁．多目标模糊系数规划．模糊系统与数学，2005，19(1)：106-110
[31] 成思危，胡清雅，刘敏．大型线性目标规划及其应用．郑州：河南科学技术出版社，2000
[32] 唐焕文，秦学志．实用最优化方法．大连：大连理工大学出版社．2004
[33] 卢开澄．单目标、多目标与整数规划．北京：清华大学出版社．1999
[34] 张文修，梁怡．遗传算法的数学基础(第2版)．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2003．5
[35] Hsiao-Fan Wang, Miao-Ling Wang. A fuzzy multiobjective linear programming. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 86(1997) 61-72
[36] Jaroslav Ramik. Fuzzy goals and fuzzy alternatives in goal programming problems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 111 (2000) 81-86
[37] Lu,fianjun, Fang Shu-Cherng. Solving nonlinear optimization problems with fuzzy relation equation. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 2001,119(1): 1-20
[38] C. Stanciulescu, Ph. Fortemps, M.Installe et al. Multiobjective fuzzy linear programming problems with fuzzy decision variables. European Journal of Operational Research 149 (2003) 654-675
[39] 胡宝清．模糊理论基础．武汉大学：武汉大学出版社，2004：301-339
[40] 肖芳淳，张效羽，张鹏等．模糊分析设计在石油工业中的应用．北京：石油工业出版社，1992
[41] 张增科．模糊数学在自动化技术中的应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[42] Lushu Li, k.k. Lai. A fuzzy approach to the multiobjective transportation problem. Computers & Operations Research 27 (2000) 43-57
[43] Masatoshi Sakawa, Ryo Kubota. Fuzzy programming for multiobjective job shop scheduling with fuzzy processing time and fuzzy duedate through genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research 120 (2000) 393-407
[44] 李绍军，林海波，阳永荣．模糊规划在炼油厂生产计划优化中的应用．石油学报，2002，18(1)：78-83
[45] 杨树国．模糊线性规划在企业生产管理中的应用研究．哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，18(3)：275-284
[46] V. Ravi, P. J. Reddy. Fuzzy linear fractional goal programming applied to refinery operations planning. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1998, 96 (2): 173-182
[47] V.Ravi, P.J. Reddy, D.Dutta. Application of fuzzy nonlinear goal programming to a refinery model. Computers chem. Engng, Vol.22, No. 4/5, 1998:709-712
[48] Heinrich Rommelfanger. Fuzzy linear programming and application. European Journal of Operational Research 92 (1996) 512-527
[49] M.Chakraborty, M.K.Chandra. Multicriteria decision making for optimal blending for beneficiation of coala fuzzy programming approach. The International Journal of Management Science. Omega 33 (2005) 413 -418
[50] 席少霖，赵风治．最优化计算方法．上海：上海科学出版社，1983
[51] 黄雍检，赖明勇．MATLAB语言在运筹学中的应用．长沙：河南大学出版社，2005：16-106