炼油厂生产计划及氢网络研究
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摘要
当前全球市场竞争越来越激烈,我国已经加入WTO,这给炼油企业带来各种挑战和机遇,炼油企业必须合理地选购原油、优化工艺流程和装置操作条件、优化产品方案、优化油品调和方案,充分利用企业内外部可用资源,降低生产成本、提高产品质量,获取更好的经济效益,才能在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。炼油厂的各种优化研究,就是解决这些问题的主要途径之一。
     对炼油厂工艺过程如此复杂的大系统,本文采用了逐级优化策略,首先在生产管理层进行了全局优化,制定生产计划方案,然后对公用工程、氢网络、生产装置等子系统,根据生产计划优化的结果以及子系统的实际情况进行优化,以节省子系统的运行费用或少耗多产,并把优化信息反馈到生产计划层,反复修正以得到较优方案。本文分别对生产计划和氢网络子系统两个层次进行了以下优化研究:
     (1)本文在分析现有炼油厂生产计划编制方法的基础上,发现在炼油企业的内外部环境中普遍存在的不确定性条件下,现有的优化方法只能“硬”性地对存在的不确定作精确化处理,如此考虑问题不够细致、合理,与实际情况常不相符合。本文提出用模糊线性规划方法编制炼油企业生产计划。建立了兰州炼油厂的生产计划模糊模型,该模型综合考虑了原油供给的不确定性、生产装置的生产负荷和收率分布的不确定性、原油价格的不确定性,并进行了求解,求解结果和申迪公司图形建模优化排产软件模型结果作了对比,证明模糊优化方法编制炼油厂生产计划的可实现性和优越性。该生产计划模型可用于短、中、长期的生产计划制定,并可以方便地扩展到时间更长、不确定因素更复杂的企业战略规划问题的优化。
     (2) 本文讨论了炼油厂氢网络子系统超结构的构建和优化方法,综合考虑了氢系统的供氢装置、耗氢装置、提纯装置、压缩机、管网,以及系统压力的约束条件,建立了所有可能的氢源与氢阱之间的连接。以充分利用氢资源,满足耗氢装置的要求,以氢网络运行费用最低为目标,合成最优的氢网络结构。本文以镇海炼化氢网络系统为例,建立氢网络超结构优化模型并进行了求解,得到了最优氢网络结构,和目前的氢网络结构对比,氢网络的费用从71748.45¥/hr降到60152.48¥/hr。
Currently, facing the drastic competition in worldwide market and challenges after joining WTO, oil refineries must optimize the purchasing of crude oils, processing and equipment operation, production scheduling, oil products blending scheduling to make full use of inside and outside resources available. To keep the competitive position, refineries must reduce costs, improve the quality of products and get a better economic performance. The optimization researches of oil refineries are the major ways to solve these problems.
    Based on the analysis of optimization of oil refineries in every level, since a refinery is a very complex system, a level-by-level strategy is suggested. The upper level is management level, production planning. The lower level is sub-site, say hydrogen network and utility system and production equipment. We first optimize the upper level in overall-site and find an optimal result, with which we optimize the sub-site to reduce costs and feed back the result to the upper level. Thus the best production planning can be got by times recycles. In this paper, production planning and hydrogen network optimization will be studied individually as follow.
    (1) Based on the analysis of methods how to workout a production plan for oil refineries, we find that the present methods deal with uncertainties in the environment by assuming they are hard. It isn't very reasonable to deal with uncertainties in this way, disaccording with facts. We propose using fuzzy linear programming to workout a production plan. We set up a fuzzy linear programming mode! of production planning of lanzhou refinery & chemical co. considering uncertainty of crude oils supplying, uncertainty of the capability and yield of equipments, uncertainty of the price of crude oils. The result is compared with the result found by PROS VI.5, verifying the advantage and realizability of fuzzy linear programming. The model can be used to workout a short-term, middle-term, long-term production plan, also it can be modified to optimize stratagem programming with more uncertainties.
    (2) Also, we discuss how to set up a hydrogen network super structure and a optimization model of oil refineries. The advantage of the super structure is considering suppliers, consumers, purifier, compressors, pipes and pressure constraints, and connecting all
    
    
    
    possible links from sources to sinks. The objective of hydrogen network is the lowest cost, making full use of hydrogen resources and meeting the demands of consumers. We build the hydrogen network superstructure and the optimization model of ZRCC for example. The result is compared with the present hydrogen network, the total cost being reduced from 71748. 45 Y/hr to 60152. 48Y/hr.
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