利用库鄯线输送新星原油的常温输送技术研究
摘要
中国石油天然气股份有限公司新星公司于1999年在新疆塔里木盆地塔河附近发现了一个5～7亿吨稠油的整装油田，目前的汽车和火车外运成本很高，利用附近的现有常温输送塔里木原油的库鄯管线实现新星稠油的外输是一个最佳方案。但库鄯线是为输送低粘原油设计的一条大落差的常温输送管线，常温混输物性参数完全不同的新星稠油存在诸多技术难题。本文针对库鄯线混输新星原油的技术问题进行理论分析和现场试验研究，主要研究内容包括：
(1)紧密围绕高差起伏大的管道中混合输送高粘重质原油与低凝低粘原油的需要，通过室内试验解决了库鄯线混输新星原油涉及的一系列技术问题，包括：确定新星与塔里木混合油物性与配比的相关规律，确定常温输送混合油中稠油的最大掺入比，研究不同配比混合油常温输送工艺，分析减压阀和泵剪切对新星与塔里木混合油原油流动性的影响、混合原油的流动性及其在输送中的变化规律。
(2)通过现场试验提出了新星混合油在不同配比情况下的输送工艺方案，并检验了技术方案的可行性。研究结果表明，库鄯线每年混输100～150万吨新星原油在技术上是可行的，不需要增加设备，同时库鄯线的正常运行也不需要作大的调整；混合原油凝点远低于地温，因此常温输送管道运行是安全的。
(3)对库鄯线混输新星原油的经济性进行分析评价。现场试验期间增输了3.5万吨新星原油，纯收益为347.5万元。在不增加额外设备的前提下，库鄯线按年增加输送新星原油130万吨／年计算，直接收益1.2915亿元／年，经济效益非常明显。
(4)根据新星公司的发展趋势，提出了建设库鄯线二期工程的建议，设计输量增加到1000万吨／年，从而可以输送更多新星原油，经济效益将更加可观。
An isodomon oil field which stores approximately about 5 hundred million tons of thick oil was located in Tahe River near some tract of Talimu basin, detected by Xin Xing Petroleum Co. Ltd of SINOPEC in 1999.Today, in view of high hauling charge via automobile and by train, to employ the existing Kushan oil transporting pipeline under constant temperature is considered as an optimum selection to carry the thick oil outside. But the optimum strategy is also challenged by many technical puzzles, among which a main issue focus on following facts: Kushan oil pipeline is adapted to low thick oil and has been shaped into a large overall drop; many physical parameters of Xin Xing thick oil are apparently different from those of Kushan oil. Therefore, this paper especially conducts theoretic analysis and experiments on site on the combined oil transportation under constant temperature (UCT) using the existing Kushan oil transporting pipeline .The main content is given as the follows:
(1)From the viewpoint of actual necessity to transport combined oil consisting of highly sticky cruel oil and low condensing temperature and lowly sticky cruel oil, the paper successfully solves a series of combined transportation by Kushan pipeline, achieves an oil mixed ratio performance of Xinxing's and Talimu's cruel oil, derives the original mixed ratio of the thick oil injected into original mixed oil carried by Kushan pipeline UCT and the corresponding operation craft, considers the effects on the combined oil flow ability when relive valves and pump switching put into action and the variation performance of the combined oil in transportation.
(2)Also, based on experiments on site, the paper proposes many transportation options due to a few different oil mixed ratio of the combined oil and testify their technical reliance. The results indicates that annual combined transportation capacity between 1,000 million tons and 1,500 million tons, is technically allowable without increasing additional equipment demand and largely modifying overall Kushan pipeline. In addition, transportation UCT is reasonably safe since the temperature of combined oil is below the field/ground temperature.
(3)And then, the paper evaluates the net profits created by the optimum strategy in details. In spite of temporary consumption of 35 thousand of Xinxing cruel oil when experiments are required on site, the net profit reaches 3,475 million RMB; regarding no additional equipment demand and stabilizing annual outputs of 1.3 million tons of Xinxing cruel oil, Kushan pipeline directly gains considerable net profit 129.15 million RMB.
(4)Finally, according to the promising trend needs , a second profound construction is being taken into consideration ,and the total output per year will realize one million tons of cruel oil. To sum up, a promising and profitable future is coming!
(1)紧密围绕高差起伏大的管道中混合输送高粘重质原油与低凝低粘原油的需要，通过室内试验解决了库鄯线混输新星原油涉及的一系列技术问题，包括：确定新星与塔里木混合油物性与配比的相关规律，确定常温输送混合油中稠油的最大掺入比，研究不同配比混合油常温输送工艺，分析减压阀和泵剪切对新星与塔里木混合油原油流动性的影响、混合原油的流动性及其在输送中的变化规律。
(2)通过现场试验提出了新星混合油在不同配比情况下的输送工艺方案，并检验了技术方案的可行性。研究结果表明，库鄯线每年混输100～150万吨新星原油在技术上是可行的，不需要增加设备，同时库鄯线的正常运行也不需要作大的调整；混合原油凝点远低于地温，因此常温输送管道运行是安全的。
(3)对库鄯线混输新星原油的经济性进行分析评价。现场试验期间增输了3.5万吨新星原油，纯收益为347.5万元。在不增加额外设备的前提下，库鄯线按年增加输送新星原油130万吨／年计算，直接收益1.2915亿元／年，经济效益非常明显。
(4)根据新星公司的发展趋势，提出了建设库鄯线二期工程的建议，设计输量增加到1000万吨／年，从而可以输送更多新星原油，经济效益将更加可观。
An isodomon oil field which stores approximately about 5 hundred million tons of thick oil was located in Tahe River near some tract of Talimu basin, detected by Xin Xing Petroleum Co. Ltd of SINOPEC in 1999.Today, in view of high hauling charge via automobile and by train, to employ the existing Kushan oil transporting pipeline under constant temperature is considered as an optimum selection to carry the thick oil outside. But the optimum strategy is also challenged by many technical puzzles, among which a main issue focus on following facts: Kushan oil pipeline is adapted to low thick oil and has been shaped into a large overall drop; many physical parameters of Xin Xing thick oil are apparently different from those of Kushan oil. Therefore, this paper especially conducts theoretic analysis and experiments on site on the combined oil transportation under constant temperature (UCT) using the existing Kushan oil transporting pipeline .The main content is given as the follows:
(1)From the viewpoint of actual necessity to transport combined oil consisting of highly sticky cruel oil and low condensing temperature and lowly sticky cruel oil, the paper successfully solves a series of combined transportation by Kushan pipeline, achieves an oil mixed ratio performance of Xinxing's and Talimu's cruel oil, derives the original mixed ratio of the thick oil injected into original mixed oil carried by Kushan pipeline UCT and the corresponding operation craft, considers the effects on the combined oil flow ability when relive valves and pump switching put into action and the variation performance of the combined oil in transportation.
(2)Also, based on experiments on site, the paper proposes many transportation options due to a few different oil mixed ratio of the combined oil and testify their technical reliance. The results indicates that annual combined transportation capacity between 1,000 million tons and 1,500 million tons, is technically allowable without increasing additional equipment demand and largely modifying overall Kushan pipeline. In addition, transportation UCT is reasonably safe since the temperature of combined oil is below the field/ground temperature.
(3)And then, the paper evaluates the net profits created by the optimum strategy in details. In spite of temporary consumption of 35 thousand of Xinxing cruel oil when experiments are required on site, the net profit reaches 3,475 million RMB; regarding no additional equipment demand and stabilizing annual outputs of 1.3 million tons of Xinxing cruel oil, Kushan pipeline directly gains considerable net profit 129.15 million RMB.
(4)Finally, according to the promising trend needs , a second profound construction is being taken into consideration ,and the total output per year will realize one million tons of cruel oil. To sum up, a promising and profitable future is coming!
引文
[1]严大凡．输油管道设计与管理．北京：石油工业出版，1986．pp1-30．
[2]张国忠等．输油管道设计与管理．东营：石油大学出版社，1996．pp1-14．
[3]中国石油天然气管道局主编．油气储运．1990-1999装订本．
[4]中国石油天然气管道局主编．油气管道工程概论．北京：石油工业出版社，1993．pp13-25．
[5]曲慎扬．原油管道工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1991．pp4-17．
[6]梁翕章，唐智圆．世界著名管道工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1994．pp1-46．
[7]潘家华．全面发展我国管道工业．油气储运，1994，13(4)．pp6-10．
[8]罗塘湖．管道输油工艺研究．油气储运，1993，12(2)．pp1-3．
[9]G.W. Govier. The Flow of Complex Mixtures inPipes, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1972.
[10]F.A. Holland, Fluid Flow For Chemical Engineers, Edward Arnold, 1973.
[11]余伯炎，吴照云，孙德刚．石油工业节能技术．北京：石油工业出版社，2000．pp1-24．
[12]茹慧灵，闫宝东．输油管道节能技术概论．北京：石油工业出版社，2000．pp101-121．
[13]中国石油大然气管道局主编．输油工艺．北京：石油工业出版社，1998．pp12-43．
[14]鲍冲，严大凡．含蜡原油热处理管输工艺研究．华东石油学院学报，1983 No．3．
[15]罗塘湖．含蜡原油的流动特性及其评价问题．油气管道技术，1979．No．3．
[16]Markus Reiner. Deformation Strain and Flow. London: The White friars Press Ltd, 1960, Second Edition.
[17]罗塘湖．我国原油热处理试验综述．油气管道技术，1980，No．2．
[18]刘清林，权忠舆．含蜡原油热处理过程中若干组分的作用．石油学报，1986，7(1)．
[19]权忠舆．含蜡原油常温输送化学降凝法．油气管道技术，1978．No．4．
[20]张劲军，黄启玉．剪切作用对含蜡原油低温流变性的影响．油田地面工程，1993．No．4．
[21]严大凡，罗哲鸣．温度及剪切历史对大庆原油流动性的影响．油田地面工程，No．3 1984．8
[22]张劲军等．剪切作用对添加降凝剂后新疆原油流变性的影响．石油大学学报(自然科学版)1993，V17No．6．
[23]周晓军等．剪切作用对含蜡原油凝固点的影响．石油大学学报，1991．V．15 No．1．
[24]Ford. D.E Ells, J.W Russell R.J. Pipelining High Pour Point Crude. The Oil and Gas Journal, April 19, 1965.
[25]刘天佑，孙维中．多组分混合原油常温输送技术．油气储运，1999，18(9)1-7．
[2]张国忠等．输油管道设计与管理．东营：石油大学出版社，1996．pp1-14．
[3]中国石油天然气管道局主编．油气储运．1990-1999装订本．
[4]中国石油天然气管道局主编．油气管道工程概论．北京：石油工业出版社，1993．pp13-25．
[5]曲慎扬．原油管道工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1991．pp4-17．
[6]梁翕章，唐智圆．世界著名管道工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1994．pp1-46．
[7]潘家华．全面发展我国管道工业．油气储运，1994，13(4)．pp6-10．
[8]罗塘湖．管道输油工艺研究．油气储运，1993，12(2)．pp1-3．
[9]G.W. Govier. The Flow of Complex Mixtures inPipes, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1972.
[10]F.A. Holland, Fluid Flow For Chemical Engineers, Edward Arnold, 1973.
[11]余伯炎，吴照云，孙德刚．石油工业节能技术．北京：石油工业出版社，2000．pp1-24．
[12]茹慧灵，闫宝东．输油管道节能技术概论．北京：石油工业出版社，2000．pp101-121．
[13]中国石油大然气管道局主编．输油工艺．北京：石油工业出版社，1998．pp12-43．
[14]鲍冲，严大凡．含蜡原油热处理管输工艺研究．华东石油学院学报，1983 No．3．
[15]罗塘湖．含蜡原油的流动特性及其评价问题．油气管道技术，1979．No．3．
[16]Markus Reiner. Deformation Strain and Flow. London: The White friars Press Ltd, 1960, Second Edition.
[17]罗塘湖．我国原油热处理试验综述．油气管道技术，1980，No．2．
[18]刘清林，权忠舆．含蜡原油热处理过程中若干组分的作用．石油学报，1986，7(1)．
[19]权忠舆．含蜡原油常温输送化学降凝法．油气管道技术，1978．No．4．
[20]张劲军，黄启玉．剪切作用对含蜡原油低温流变性的影响．油田地面工程，1993．No．4．
[21]严大凡，罗哲鸣．温度及剪切历史对大庆原油流动性的影响．油田地面工程，No．3 1984．8
[22]张劲军等．剪切作用对添加降凝剂后新疆原油流变性的影响．石油大学学报(自然科学版)1993，V17No．6．
[23]周晓军等．剪切作用对含蜡原油凝固点的影响．石油大学学报，1991．V．15 No．1．
[24]Ford. D.E Ells, J.W Russell R.J. Pipelining High Pour Point Crude. The Oil and Gas Journal, April 19, 1965.
[25]刘天佑，孙维中．多组分混合原油常温输送技术．油气储运，1999，18(9)1-7．