企业合作创新风险的识别、传导与评估研究
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摘要
在知识经济中,技术创新步伐加快、产品生命周期缩短、市场全球化、知识产权地位不断提升、信息网络技术广泛应用,仅仅依靠企业内部的有限知识和资源进行研发将变得日益困难,即使非常大的企业也难以独立开发一些新技术。于是,一些企业纷纷把视角转向外部,寻求与其它企业合作,以获取共同的或互补的技术创新目标,共同完成研发工作,即合作创新。尽管合作创新分散了原来由单个企业独立进行技术创新的风险,但是企业合作创新过程中存在巨大的不确定性,并由此引发巨大的风险。因此,风险管理对于企业合作创新来说有着十分重要的意义。为使研究更加全面和具有创新性,全文围绕企业合作创新的风险识别、风险传导和风险评估,主要开展了以下研究工作。
首先,主要围绕企业合作创新风险研究所涉及的三个主要方面—企业合作创新、企业合作创新风险和企业合作创新风险管理的相关概念和理论进行相关论述,进而为企业合作创新的风险识别、风险传导和风险评估奠定理论基础。
其次,在对企业合作创新风险识别的原则和已有方法进行了分析的基础上,提出本文所采用的企业合作创新风险识别方法,通过问卷调查和专家访谈,对企业合作创新风险进行了识别,得出了技术风险、市场风险、组织管理风险、知识产权风险、合作关系风险和运作流程风险等6个关键风险要素和包括在内的22个风险因素变量。
再次,在企业合作创新风险要素与风险后果之间的作用路径进行分析的基础上,建立了企业合作创新风险传导机理的概念模型,提出相关理论假设,并运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验,从而揭示出企业合作创新风险的传导路径,分析结果显示,并非所有的企业合作创新风险因素都直接作用于风险后果,某些风险因素会通过对其它风险因素的影响而改变风险后果的大小。
最后,基于识别出的企业合作创新风险因素集建立企业合作创新风险评估指标体系,进而根据研究问题建立了基于三角模的企业合作创新风险灰色模糊综合评估模型,在此基础上对大化集团和北京化工大学维生素D2项目合作创新风险评估进行了实证,有效解决以往风险评估只考虑了突出因素而忽略了次要因素的影响而使得对问题的研究常因失去太多的有用信息而不能有效地解决实际问题的缺陷。
In the knowledge-based economy, accelerated pace of technological innovation, shorter product life cycle, market globalization, the continuous advancement of intellectual property, extensive application of information network technology, rely solely on the limited internal R & D expertise and resources will become increasingly difficult, even very large companies are difficult to independently develop some new technology. As a result, some companies have turned to outside perspective, to seek cooperation with other enterprises, to get common or complementary technological innovation goals, work together to complete research and development, that Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation. Although cooperative innovation disperse technology innovation risk independently by a single enterprise. However, there is great uncertainty in the process of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation and thus lead to great risks. Therefore, risk management for Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation is of great significance, In order to study more comprehensive and innovative, full text around the business risk identification, conduction and evaluation of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, mainly undertake the following research the main research work carried out the following.
First, the major focus on Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risks involved in three main areas of research-Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk and risk management concepts and theories related to discuss, and then for Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk identification, conduction and evaluation laid the theoretical foundation.
Second, carries on the analysis Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk identification of principles and methods in the foundation, propose in this paper used in Enterprises' Coorperation Innovation risk identification, through questionnaires and interviews with experts on Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risks are identified, and the identified set of risk factors were discussed in detail.
Third, carries on the analysis between Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk factors and the risk consequence function way in the foundation, establish conceptual model of risk conduction mechanism of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, relevant theory of assumptions is proposed, and has carried on an empirical test using the structure equation model, thus revealing Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk pathways.
Fourth, based on the identified risk factors set of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, establish Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk evaluation index system, according to research the issue further to establish Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation gray fuzzy risk assessment model based on triangular norm, has carried on an empirical test in this foundation to Dahua Group and Beijing University of Chemical Technology Project vitamin D2' Coorperation Innovation risk.
首先,主要围绕企业合作创新风险研究所涉及的三个主要方面—企业合作创新、企业合作创新风险和企业合作创新风险管理的相关概念和理论进行相关论述,进而为企业合作创新的风险识别、风险传导和风险评估奠定理论基础。
其次,在对企业合作创新风险识别的原则和已有方法进行了分析的基础上,提出本文所采用的企业合作创新风险识别方法,通过问卷调查和专家访谈,对企业合作创新风险进行了识别,得出了技术风险、市场风险、组织管理风险、知识产权风险、合作关系风险和运作流程风险等6个关键风险要素和包括在内的22个风险因素变量。
再次,在企业合作创新风险要素与风险后果之间的作用路径进行分析的基础上,建立了企业合作创新风险传导机理的概念模型,提出相关理论假设,并运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验,从而揭示出企业合作创新风险的传导路径,分析结果显示,并非所有的企业合作创新风险因素都直接作用于风险后果,某些风险因素会通过对其它风险因素的影响而改变风险后果的大小。
最后,基于识别出的企业合作创新风险因素集建立企业合作创新风险评估指标体系,进而根据研究问题建立了基于三角模的企业合作创新风险灰色模糊综合评估模型,在此基础上对大化集团和北京化工大学维生素D2项目合作创新风险评估进行了实证,有效解决以往风险评估只考虑了突出因素而忽略了次要因素的影响而使得对问题的研究常因失去太多的有用信息而不能有效地解决实际问题的缺陷。
In the knowledge-based economy, accelerated pace of technological innovation, shorter product life cycle, market globalization, the continuous advancement of intellectual property, extensive application of information network technology, rely solely on the limited internal R & D expertise and resources will become increasingly difficult, even very large companies are difficult to independently develop some new technology. As a result, some companies have turned to outside perspective, to seek cooperation with other enterprises, to get common or complementary technological innovation goals, work together to complete research and development, that Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation. Although cooperative innovation disperse technology innovation risk independently by a single enterprise. However, there is great uncertainty in the process of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation and thus lead to great risks. Therefore, risk management for Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation is of great significance, In order to study more comprehensive and innovative, full text around the business risk identification, conduction and evaluation of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, mainly undertake the following research the main research work carried out the following.
First, the major focus on Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risks involved in three main areas of research-Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk and risk management concepts and theories related to discuss, and then for Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk identification, conduction and evaluation laid the theoretical foundation.
Second, carries on the analysis Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk identification of principles and methods in the foundation, propose in this paper used in Enterprises' Coorperation Innovation risk identification, through questionnaires and interviews with experts on Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risks are identified, and the identified set of risk factors were discussed in detail.
Third, carries on the analysis between Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk factors and the risk consequence function way in the foundation, establish conceptual model of risk conduction mechanism of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, relevant theory of assumptions is proposed, and has carried on an empirical test using the structure equation model, thus revealing Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk pathways.
Fourth, based on the identified risk factors set of Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation, establish Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation risk evaluation index system, according to research the issue further to establish Enterprises'Coorperation Innovation gray fuzzy risk assessment model based on triangular norm, has carried on an empirical test in this foundation to Dahua Group and Beijing University of Chemical Technology Project vitamin D2' Coorperation Innovation risk.
引文
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