辽东湾浅海油气资源开发区灾害地质环境特征及风险评价
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摘要
辽东湾顶部浅海区蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,具有广阔的开发前景。本文针对该区油气资源开发所面临的关键问题,即灾害地质环境及海底稳定性,选择油气资源开发区作为重点研究区,进行了系统分析和综合评价。
灾害地质类型的形成与发展与其所处的自然环境密切相关。本文在搜集了本区域进行的大量环境、地质调查资料的基础上,从水文气象、地形地貌、沉积环境、声学地层、工程地质和构造、地震等方面对研究区进行灾害地质环境背景分析,辨识各种灾害地质类型,为综合评价准备素材,奠定基础。同时讨论了灾害地质与地质灾害的科学含义以及两者之间的联系和区别,并就当前对灾害地质类型的划分方法作了系统归纳,从而选择了适合于辽东湾浅海油气区海洋开发的灾害地质类型划分方案。通过对该区各种资料的系统分析,判识出潜在的多种灾害地质类型,分别为潮流冲刷槽、浅滩、埋藏古河道、浅层气、易液化砂层和软弱地层等。从形成机制、分布特征和潜在危害性等角度出发,对这些类型进行了重点分析。
将上述灾害地质类型作为评价指标,利用层次分析法和正态分布函数确定各指标的权值和隶属度,构建海洋灾害地质风险评价指标体系,建立模糊综合评价模型,对油气开发重点研究区的海底稳定性进行了定量评价,获得综合评价结果图,根据评价结果划分为五个级别的风险区。评价结果较为客观和真实的反映了海区海底灾害地质危害性和分布特征,对于海底工程布局和预测、防避相关地质灾害来说,具有实际应用价值。
There are abundant oil and gas resources at the shallow-sea area of north Liaodong Bay,which has great potential development value. While the seabed stability is the basis of ocean development,in this thesis,based on the sufficient study of geohazards of oil and gas resources development area of Liaodong Bay,the seabed stability is synthetically evaluated.
The forming and developing of geohazards is closely related to the environment. This thesis discusses the geohazards environment backgrounds from the next 6 aspects,such as hydrometeor,topography and geomorphy,deposited environment,acoustic stratigraphy,engineering geology and tectonic character etc,so as to identify the geohazards types and lay a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation. At the same time,the concepts of geohazards and geology disaster are explained and the difference is pointed. After concluding the different sorted methods of geohazards,a method which is more compatible to ocean development is brought forward. By the collected information of this area,there are several kinds of geohazards which have potential menace to seabed structures,such as tidal scour trough,shoal,buried paleo channel,shallow gas,liquefaction sand layer and soft layer. From their forming,distribution and potential menace,this thesis carefully analyzes these geohazards factors.
Regarding the above geohazards factors as evaluation indicators,and determining their weight values and membership degrees using analytic hierarchy process and normal distribution function,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to quantificationally evaluate the geohazards risk of study area. According to the evaluation results,the study area is divided into five risk-level regions. It objectively and authentically reflects the geohazards risk and its distribution features,and proves that the study of this thesis is beneficial for the seabed structures and geological disaster prediction.
灾害地质类型的形成与发展与其所处的自然环境密切相关。本文在搜集了本区域进行的大量环境、地质调查资料的基础上,从水文气象、地形地貌、沉积环境、声学地层、工程地质和构造、地震等方面对研究区进行灾害地质环境背景分析,辨识各种灾害地质类型,为综合评价准备素材,奠定基础。同时讨论了灾害地质与地质灾害的科学含义以及两者之间的联系和区别,并就当前对灾害地质类型的划分方法作了系统归纳,从而选择了适合于辽东湾浅海油气区海洋开发的灾害地质类型划分方案。通过对该区各种资料的系统分析,判识出潜在的多种灾害地质类型,分别为潮流冲刷槽、浅滩、埋藏古河道、浅层气、易液化砂层和软弱地层等。从形成机制、分布特征和潜在危害性等角度出发,对这些类型进行了重点分析。
将上述灾害地质类型作为评价指标,利用层次分析法和正态分布函数确定各指标的权值和隶属度,构建海洋灾害地质风险评价指标体系,建立模糊综合评价模型,对油气开发重点研究区的海底稳定性进行了定量评价,获得综合评价结果图,根据评价结果划分为五个级别的风险区。评价结果较为客观和真实的反映了海区海底灾害地质危害性和分布特征,对于海底工程布局和预测、防避相关地质灾害来说,具有实际应用价值。
There are abundant oil and gas resources at the shallow-sea area of north Liaodong Bay,which has great potential development value. While the seabed stability is the basis of ocean development,in this thesis,based on the sufficient study of geohazards of oil and gas resources development area of Liaodong Bay,the seabed stability is synthetically evaluated.
The forming and developing of geohazards is closely related to the environment. This thesis discusses the geohazards environment backgrounds from the next 6 aspects,such as hydrometeor,topography and geomorphy,deposited environment,acoustic stratigraphy,engineering geology and tectonic character etc,so as to identify the geohazards types and lay a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation. At the same time,the concepts of geohazards and geology disaster are explained and the difference is pointed. After concluding the different sorted methods of geohazards,a method which is more compatible to ocean development is brought forward. By the collected information of this area,there are several kinds of geohazards which have potential menace to seabed structures,such as tidal scour trough,shoal,buried paleo channel,shallow gas,liquefaction sand layer and soft layer. From their forming,distribution and potential menace,this thesis carefully analyzes these geohazards factors.
Regarding the above geohazards factors as evaluation indicators,and determining their weight values and membership degrees using analytic hierarchy process and normal distribution function,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to quantificationally evaluate the geohazards risk of study area. According to the evaluation results,the study area is divided into five risk-level regions. It objectively and authentically reflects the geohazards risk and its distribution features,and proves that the study of this thesis is beneficial for the seabed structures and geological disaster prediction.
引文
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[22]李培英,李萍,刘乐军等.我国海洋灾害地质评价的基本概念、方法及进展[J].海洋学报,2003,25(1):122-134.
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[25]张和平,李忠波.辽河三角洲湿地资源现状及保护管理的优化策略[J].环境保护,2008,(22):28-30.
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[28]李西双,刘保华,郑彦鹏等.黄东海灾害地质类型及声学反射特征[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(1):107-114.
[29]王明田,庄振业,葛淑兰等.辽东湾中北部浅层埋藏古河道沉积特征及对海上工程的影响[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(2):18-24.
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[31]叶银灿,陈俊仁,潘国富等.海底浅层气的成因、赋存特征及其对工程的危害[J].东海海洋,2003,21(1):27-36.
[32]王圣洁,蓝先洪,刘锡清等.我国海岸带灾害地质因素发育基本特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17 (4):102-109.
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[35]闫满存,王光谦,李保生,李华梅.基于模糊数学的广东沿海陆地地质环境区划[J].地理学与国土研究,2000,16(4):41-48.
[36]程凌鹏,杨冰,刘传正.区域地质灾害风险评价研究述评[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(3):75-78.
[37]谢先德,朱照宇等.广东沿海地质环境与地质灾害[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003,265-288.
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[2]黄庆福,阎军,林国军等.加强海洋灾害地质学研究,减少海洋工程灾害[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(4):99-103.
[3] Carpenter G.B.,Mecarthy J.C..Hazards analysis on the Atlantic outercontinental shelf[J].12th Annual D.T.C. Proceedings,1980,419-424.
[4] Long D..Geological characteristics and geohazards of the Hebridean and west Shetland continental shelf and slope.British geological survey technical report WB/93/17C.
[5] Holmes R.,Finlayson K.,Griffiths M.A..Regional shallow gas distribution study.British geological survey technical report WB/97/5C.
[6]符文侠,李光天等.辽东湾潮滩及滨下动力地貌特征[J].海洋学报,1993,15(1):71-83.
[7]金尚柱.辽河油田浅海油气区海洋环境[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,1996.
[8]常士骠,张苏民.工程地质手册(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[9] C.E.佩顿著.牛毓荃,徐怀大等译.地震地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1980.
[10]刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理特征[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[11]许坤,李宏伟,邱开敏.下辽河平原—辽东湾的新构造运动[J].海洋学报,2002,24(3):68-74.
[12]李培英,杜军,刘乐军等.中国海岸带灾害地质特征及评价[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
[13]张梁,张业城,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[14]国家科委国家计委国家经贸委,自然灾害综合研究组编著.中国自然灾害区划研究进展[M].北京:海洋出版社,1998.
[15]柳源.论地质灾害的基本属性[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(3):15-18.
[16] Willian R.Brynant.Structure of the continental shelf and slope geohazardous and engineering constraints.A&M University,1986.
[17]李凡.南海西部灾害性地质研究[J].海洋科学集刊,1990,31:25-29.
[18]刘以宣,詹文欢,陆成斌.华南沿海地质灾害类型、发育规律和防治对策[J].热带海洋,1992,11(2):62-64.
[19]陈俊仁,李廷桓.南海地质灾害类型与分布规律[J].地质学报,1993,67(1):76-85.
[20]冯志强,冯文科,薛万俊等.南海北部地质灾害及海底工程地质条件评价[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996.
[21]刘守全,刘锡清等.南海灾害地质类型及分区[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(4):39-44.
[22]李培英,李萍,刘乐军等.我国海洋灾害地质评价的基本概念、方法及进展[J].海洋学报,2003,25(1):122-134.
[23]李凡,于建军.陆架海灾害地质类型分类[J].海洋科学,1994,(4):50-53.
[24]刘庆生,刘高焕,励惠国.辽河三角洲土壤盐渍化现状及特征分析[J].土壤学报,2004,41(2):190-195.
[25]张和平,李忠波.辽河三角洲湿地资源现状及保护管理的优化策略[J].环境保护,2008,(22):28-30.
[26]王西琴,李力.辽河三角洲湿地退化及其保护对策[J].生态环境,2006,15(3):650-653.
[27]刘振夏,Berne.S. L’ATALANTE科学考察组.东海陆架的古河道和古三角洲[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):9-14.
[28]李西双,刘保华,郑彦鹏等.黄东海灾害地质类型及声学反射特征[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(1):107-114.
[29]王明田,庄振业,葛淑兰等.辽东湾中北部浅层埋藏古河道沉积特征及对海上工程的影响[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(2):18-24.
[30]闫章存,刘燕平,亓发庆.辽东湾葵花岛构造区浅层气分布特征、成因探讨及工程影响[J].海岸工程,2007,26(3):1-10.
[31]叶银灿,陈俊仁,潘国富等.海底浅层气的成因、赋存特征及其对工程的危害[J].东海海洋,2003,21(1):27-36.
[32]王圣洁,蓝先洪,刘锡清等.我国海岸带灾害地质因素发育基本特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17 (4):102-109.
[33] Robert L Schuster.1999.Concepts of Risk-Based Decision Making With Emphasis on Geotechnical Engineering And Slop Hazards[C].In:Geotechnical Risk Management.Proceedings of the 18th Annual Seminar Organized by the Geotechnical Division of the Hong Kong Institution of the Engineers on 14 May,1999:1-21.
[34]杨和雄.模糊数学和它的应用[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1993,148-184.
[35]闫满存,王光谦,李保生,李华梅.基于模糊数学的广东沿海陆地地质环境区划[J].地理学与国土研究,2000,16(4):41-48.
[36]程凌鹏,杨冰,刘传正.区域地质灾害风险评价研究述评[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(3):75-78.
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