利用工业废水生产生物絮凝剂及其性能研究
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摘要
生物絮凝剂是一类由活细胞产生具有絮凝活性的代谢产物,具有絮凝范围广、对人体无毒无害、可生物降解等特点。限制生物絮凝剂应用的因素之一是成本过高。本课题的研究主要是找出廉价的培养基,制备出无危害,无二次污染的生物絮凝剂,并对其进行废水处理的应用研究。
从空气和活性污泥中筛选出絮凝剂产生菌,对其进行筛选并纯化得到2株絮凝活性较高且稳定的菌株,命名为M-1、M-2。对M-1及M-2进行菌种初步鉴定,M-1为微球菌属,M-2为芽孢杆菌属。以啤酒废水为廉价培养基,对这两株菌的复合菌(M1-2)进行培养,考察外加碳源、氮源、培养基pH值、培养时间等因素对复合菌絮凝效果的影响。得出了M1-2的最佳培养条件：直接利用啤酒废水,无需另外添加碳源和氮源,只需添加0.5%的KH2PO4,温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为8.5,培养时间为48h,摇床转速160rpm。在此条件下所产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率高达95.0%,说明啤酒废水中含有丰富的营养物质,作为培养基为絮凝剂产生菌M1-2提供丰富的碳源和氮源,从而大大的降低了培养成本,由啤酒废水生产的生物絮凝剂具有较好的絮凝活性。
利用生物絮凝剂粗品对大庆某化工厂的含油废水进行处理,通过考察水力搅拌时间、絮凝剂和助凝剂投加量以及pH值因素对絮凝效果的影响,并结合正交试验来确定最佳操作条件,通过对水质指标检验,评价絮凝剂对废水的处理效果。对于复合菌生物絮凝剂应用含油废水的实验结果表明,在pH值为9,生物絮凝剂投加量为6mL, CaCl2投加量为6mL时,其絮凝率可达90.5%,化学需氧量(COD)去除率为68.7%,氨氮去除率大于95%,表明用啤酒废水制备生物絮凝剂处理含油污水还是可行的。
Bioflocculant is one kind of metabolic product produced by the living cell, which has the flocculating activity. Its characteristics include the broad flocculating scope, non-toxic to human and biodegradable, etc. One of factors that limit bioflocculants application is the excessively high cost. The objective of this study is to look for the low-cost culture medium and prepare harmless and no secondary pollution bioflocculants. Waste water treatment application research has been carried with the bioflocculants.
Flocculant-producing bacteria were isolated mainly from the air and activated sludge. After secondary screening, two strains that had higher and stable flocculating activity were obtained and they were named as M-1, M-2, respectively. M-1 strain was identified as Bacillus and M-2 strain was identified as Micrococcus Cohn. Brewage wastewater was used as low-cost medium to culture mixed bacterium M1-2. The influence of factors of external carbon source, nitrogen source, medium pH value, culture time etc. on strain flocculation effect was investigated and its culture conditions were optimized. The flocculating rate of kaolin suspension was up to 95.0% under the conditions as that the carbon and nitrogen sources was not needed to add, cultivating temperature 30℃, initial pH of culture medium 8.5, cultivating time 48 h and shaking speed 160 rpm, which shows that the brewery wastewater contained rich nutrient which can provide abundant carbon and nitrogen sources for flocculant-producing bacteria species M1-2 and it is feasible to take advantage of distillery wastewater to culture the mixed M1-2, so that the culture cost could be reduced greatly. The bioflocculant that produces by brewery wastewater has better flocculating activity.
The crude flocculant performance was studied in the oil wastewater from Daqing some chemical plant. The effects of hydraulic mixing time, flocculant volume, the volume of CaCl2 solution and pH values factors on coagulation were studied. The best treatment conditions were determined by orthogonal test and some water quality index were monitored to evaluate the flocculant effect in these wastewater treatment processes. Mixed bacterium bioflocculant was studied in chemical plant. In the condition of pH value of 9, the flocculants volume of 6mL, the CaCl2 solution (1%) volume of 5mL, the flocculation rate was 90.5%, the removal rate of COD was 68.7%, and the removal ammonia-nitrogen was more than 95%. The results indicate that oil wastewater treatment with the bioflocculant is feasible.
从空气和活性污泥中筛选出絮凝剂产生菌,对其进行筛选并纯化得到2株絮凝活性较高且稳定的菌株,命名为M-1、M-2。对M-1及M-2进行菌种初步鉴定,M-1为微球菌属,M-2为芽孢杆菌属。以啤酒废水为廉价培养基,对这两株菌的复合菌(M1-2)进行培养,考察外加碳源、氮源、培养基pH值、培养时间等因素对复合菌絮凝效果的影响。得出了M1-2的最佳培养条件：直接利用啤酒废水,无需另外添加碳源和氮源,只需添加0.5%的KH2PO4,温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为8.5,培养时间为48h,摇床转速160rpm。在此条件下所产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率高达95.0%,说明啤酒废水中含有丰富的营养物质,作为培养基为絮凝剂产生菌M1-2提供丰富的碳源和氮源,从而大大的降低了培养成本,由啤酒废水生产的生物絮凝剂具有较好的絮凝活性。
利用生物絮凝剂粗品对大庆某化工厂的含油废水进行处理,通过考察水力搅拌时间、絮凝剂和助凝剂投加量以及pH值因素对絮凝效果的影响,并结合正交试验来确定最佳操作条件,通过对水质指标检验,评价絮凝剂对废水的处理效果。对于复合菌生物絮凝剂应用含油废水的实验结果表明,在pH值为9,生物絮凝剂投加量为6mL, CaCl2投加量为6mL时,其絮凝率可达90.5%,化学需氧量(COD)去除率为68.7%,氨氮去除率大于95%,表明用啤酒废水制备生物絮凝剂处理含油污水还是可行的。
Bioflocculant is one kind of metabolic product produced by the living cell, which has the flocculating activity. Its characteristics include the broad flocculating scope, non-toxic to human and biodegradable, etc. One of factors that limit bioflocculants application is the excessively high cost. The objective of this study is to look for the low-cost culture medium and prepare harmless and no secondary pollution bioflocculants. Waste water treatment application research has been carried with the bioflocculants.
Flocculant-producing bacteria were isolated mainly from the air and activated sludge. After secondary screening, two strains that had higher and stable flocculating activity were obtained and they were named as M-1, M-2, respectively. M-1 strain was identified as Bacillus and M-2 strain was identified as Micrococcus Cohn. Brewage wastewater was used as low-cost medium to culture mixed bacterium M1-2. The influence of factors of external carbon source, nitrogen source, medium pH value, culture time etc. on strain flocculation effect was investigated and its culture conditions were optimized. The flocculating rate of kaolin suspension was up to 95.0% under the conditions as that the carbon and nitrogen sources was not needed to add, cultivating temperature 30℃, initial pH of culture medium 8.5, cultivating time 48 h and shaking speed 160 rpm, which shows that the brewery wastewater contained rich nutrient which can provide abundant carbon and nitrogen sources for flocculant-producing bacteria species M1-2 and it is feasible to take advantage of distillery wastewater to culture the mixed M1-2, so that the culture cost could be reduced greatly. The bioflocculant that produces by brewery wastewater has better flocculating activity.
The crude flocculant performance was studied in the oil wastewater from Daqing some chemical plant. The effects of hydraulic mixing time, flocculant volume, the volume of CaCl2 solution and pH values factors on coagulation were studied. The best treatment conditions were determined by orthogonal test and some water quality index were monitored to evaluate the flocculant effect in these wastewater treatment processes. Mixed bacterium bioflocculant was studied in chemical plant. In the condition of pH value of 9, the flocculants volume of 6mL, the CaCl2 solution (1%) volume of 5mL, the flocculation rate was 90.5%, the removal rate of COD was 68.7%, and the removal ammonia-nitrogen was more than 95%. The results indicate that oil wastewater treatment with the bioflocculant is feasible.
引文
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