油田油泥处理新技术与设备研究
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摘要
油泥是指在油田生产活动中产生的,主要来源于修井作业、原油集输及处理过程的各个环节,被原油及其它有机物污染了的泥、砂、水的混合物。由于油泥所含的烃类物质对环境危害较大,被列入《国家危险废物名录》中的危险废物。现在全国各油田在生产过程中都有大量的油泥产生,油泥的排放已成为危害当地环境质量的重要因素。而按国务院《排污费征收管理条例》(国务院令第369号)规定,每吨油泥将征收1000元的排污费,如果不加以处理直接排放,势必会给企业带来严重的经济负担,因此研究寻求一种高效的方式处理油泥成为油田发展的当务之急。
为解决油田发展当务之急,作者与辽河油田有关技术部门合作对油泥的无害化处理技术与设备进行了研究。首先,本文对国内外油泥的无害化处理方法进行了分析研究。研究表明当前使用的多种处理方法存在着不能满足现行环保要求、处理成本很高、二次污染、操作复杂不具备工业化生产条件等缺陷。其次,在此基础上对油泥处理新技术与设备进行了进行攻关研究,并选择辽河油田进行实验。使用新技术与设备在回收利用油泥中的石油类物质的热量的同时实现对油泥的无害化处理,达到了综合利用的目的。最后,对实验的结果进行先进性、经济性、社会性分析。
油泥处理新技术与设备研究实验表明,该项技术与设备对油泥处理彻底,并能有效回收油泥中所含的石油类物质的热量和泥土资源,同时具有较强的实用性、可操作性及良好的环境效益和经济效益,已具备了大规模推广的条件。
Oil sludge, the mixture of mud, sand and water polluted by oil and other organics, is the byproduct of the oil field production activities, which comes from the processes of crude oil collection and transportation. Because the hydrocarbon contained in the oil sludge is harmful to the environment, oil sludge is listed as a danger waste in the《the list of national danger waste》(HW08term).At present, there is a great amount of oil sludge produced in the course of oil field production. Therefore, the oil sludge discharge is one of the most important factors to affect the quality of local environment. Due to the stipulate of《The fee collection statute for the waste discharge》stated by State Department(No.39 order of the State Department), one ton oil sludge will cost￥1000 .If the oil sludge is discharged without any process, it will definitely be a serious economic load to the company. So an efficient and effective way to process the oil sludge is the urgent need for development of the oil-field company.
In order to solve the problem, author cooperated with the technical department of Liaohe oil-field Company and did the relative research about the harm lessen process. Firstly, the paper researches on the present treatment of oil sludge in the worldwide scope. And it indicates that these methods could not meet the need including environment protection, high processing cost, the second time pollution, high complexion for industry realization. Secondly, we did a target research on the new technology and equipment, and did Experiment with the new technology and equipment in Liaohe oil-field Company. This can realize the oil mater caloric-recycle in the harm lessen process. Thirdly, the author analyzed the advanced nature, economic nature and social nature of the new technology and equipment.
Base upon our research about the new technology and equipment, we can conclude that it not only can process the oil sludge completely, but also is able to effectively recycle the oil's caloric and clay contained in the oil sludge. So it has a prosperous developing foreground and strong practicability and maneuverability.
为解决油田发展当务之急,作者与辽河油田有关技术部门合作对油泥的无害化处理技术与设备进行了研究。首先,本文对国内外油泥的无害化处理方法进行了分析研究。研究表明当前使用的多种处理方法存在着不能满足现行环保要求、处理成本很高、二次污染、操作复杂不具备工业化生产条件等缺陷。其次,在此基础上对油泥处理新技术与设备进行了进行攻关研究,并选择辽河油田进行实验。使用新技术与设备在回收利用油泥中的石油类物质的热量的同时实现对油泥的无害化处理,达到了综合利用的目的。最后,对实验的结果进行先进性、经济性、社会性分析。
油泥处理新技术与设备研究实验表明,该项技术与设备对油泥处理彻底,并能有效回收油泥中所含的石油类物质的热量和泥土资源,同时具有较强的实用性、可操作性及良好的环境效益和经济效益,已具备了大规模推广的条件。
Oil sludge, the mixture of mud, sand and water polluted by oil and other organics, is the byproduct of the oil field production activities, which comes from the processes of crude oil collection and transportation. Because the hydrocarbon contained in the oil sludge is harmful to the environment, oil sludge is listed as a danger waste in the《the list of national danger waste》(HW08term).At present, there is a great amount of oil sludge produced in the course of oil field production. Therefore, the oil sludge discharge is one of the most important factors to affect the quality of local environment. Due to the stipulate of《The fee collection statute for the waste discharge》stated by State Department(No.39 order of the State Department), one ton oil sludge will cost￥1000 .If the oil sludge is discharged without any process, it will definitely be a serious economic load to the company. So an efficient and effective way to process the oil sludge is the urgent need for development of the oil-field company.
In order to solve the problem, author cooperated with the technical department of Liaohe oil-field Company and did the relative research about the harm lessen process. Firstly, the paper researches on the present treatment of oil sludge in the worldwide scope. And it indicates that these methods could not meet the need including environment protection, high processing cost, the second time pollution, high complexion for industry realization. Secondly, we did a target research on the new technology and equipment, and did Experiment with the new technology and equipment in Liaohe oil-field Company. This can realize the oil mater caloric-recycle in the harm lessen process. Thirdly, the author analyzed the advanced nature, economic nature and social nature of the new technology and equipment.
Base upon our research about the new technology and equipment, we can conclude that it not only can process the oil sludge completely, but also is able to effectively recycle the oil's caloric and clay contained in the oil sludge. So it has a prosperous developing foreground and strong practicability and maneuverability.
引文
铩颷1]淑君.石油化学工业固体废物治理[M].中国环境科学出版社.1992.12
[2]孙景欣,刘晓艳,毛国成,李英丽,戴春雷,王平利,冯进来.油田含油污泥处理技术研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用.2006,24(6):18-22
[3]欧阳威,刘红,于勇勇,许增德.生物强化处理油田含油污泥的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报.2005,24(2):349-352
[4]曹方起,曾庆辉,何国安.临盘油田含油泥处理技术研究[J].石油天然气学报.2005,27(3):572-575
[5]徐如良,王乐勤,孟庆鹏.工业油罐底泥处理现状与试验探索[J].石油化工安全技术.2003,19(3):36-39
[6]赵玉鹏,李性伟,吴大军等.油田采出液中含油污泥的无害化处理研究[J].石油规划设计.1999,10(2):29-32
[7]吴丽华,王志强.胜利油田的油泥沙现状及处理工艺探讨[J].油气田环境保护.1998,12:23-25
[8]郝以专,孟相民,李晓祥.油田含油污泥处理工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气田环境保护,2001,9:40-42
[9]罗士平,周国平等.油田含油污泥处理工艺条件的研究[J].江苏工业学院学报.2003,3(15):24-26
[10]黄戍生,常文兴.从含油污泥中回收原油[J].环境保护科学.2001,4(27):7-8
[11]李丹梅,王艳霞,余庆中等.含油污泥调剖技术的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,3(25):74-76
[12]李君,罗亚田,丁,飒.国内外含油污泥的处理现状分析[J].能源环境保护.2007,21(5):12-14,51
[13]刘玉丽.油田含油污泥焚烧处理技术及设备研究[J].石油与天然气化工.2005,34(5):426-428
[14]周高华,方善如,张剑鸣,李瑜.含油污泥脱水设备与技术[J].化工机械.2003,30(5):306-311
[15]田建军.污泥浓缩脱水机房工艺设备安装[J].建厂科技交流.2007,34(3):39-41,59
[16]聂贵岭,陈东喜,王晓娥,梁玉纪.含油污泥工业化处理技术及应用[J].内蒙古石油化工.2007,33(9):49-50
[17]张忠智,张涛,刘冬芳,王军.含油污泥处理工艺优化研究[J].石油炼制与化工.2005,36(8):56-59
[18]秦芳晨,张瑞成,刘洪达,陈平.现存含油污泥减量化的处理工艺[J].石油知识.2003,5:12
[19]Song Kao Pjn,Lu Xiang gu,Li Yiqian.A Well Test Model for ComPound Reservoir withNon-newtonian Power-law Fluid.Seientia Geologiea Siniea.1996Vol.5:1-10,
[20]傅诚德等.21世纪中国石油天然气资源战略.北京:石油工业出版社.2000
[21]Sundar.Cleanup of oil wastes[M].US.4931161.1990:220-236
[22]Bock.Unique and effective separation technique for oil contaminatedsludge[M].US,4938877,1991:25-50
[23]Heuer.Process for the recovery of oil from waste oil sludge[M].US,4990237,1991
铩颷24]王红秋,辛红.超临界流体萃取技术[J].石化技术.2004,11(3):62-66
[25]雷世晓,王德敏,雷士文.含油污泥冷处置工艺[J].中国资源综合利用.2005(9):14-15
[26]Krebs,Geory.Sludge drying system with recycling exhaustair[M].US,5309849.1993:55-71
[27]丁克强,孙铁所,李培军.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):35-361
[28]马文漓,杨柳燕.环境微生物工程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,19981 56-861
[29]谢重阁,环境中石油污染物的分析技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987,123-471
[30]Oolman.Castakli FF,Bahrans GP.Biotrcat oily refinery wastes[J].HydrocarbonProacssing.1992,(8):67-69
[31]ReisR RC.An interview of the environmental issues facing the upstream petroleumindustry[J].SPE 26366,1993
[32]蒋展鹏.环境工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1991:25-63
[33]杨怀杰.油田油泥砂防治技术研究[J].石油化工环境保护.2004,27(4):50-53.
[34]王蓉沙,周建东,刘光全.钻井废弃物处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.2001,:110-125
[35]高鹏.胜利油田利用生化法处理含油泥砂研究[J].油气田环境保护.2006,16(3):30-33.
[36]高廷耀,顾国维.水污染控制工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999:207-208.
[37]Lu Xiangguo,Song Kaoping,Niu Jingang.Property and Evaluation Method of ColloidalDispersiongels[J].SPE 59466,April 25-26,2000,Asia-Pacific Conference on IntegratedModeling for AS SET Management,YOKOHAMA,JAPAN
[38]Song Kaoping,Lu Xiangguo,Li Yiqiang.A Well Test Model for Compound Reservoirwith Non-newtonian Power-law Fluid[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,Vol.5,1-10,June 1996
[39]Hollman E.R.Seperation Scheme for Cleaning Oil Waste[J].CIM/ASOTRA,31-37
[40]Solomon M Jacob,et al.Liquid Sludge Disposal Process[J].USA,US 4786401,1987.
[41]Stephen C.Paspek,Jr.,North Royalton et al.Novel Technique for Rendering OilySludges Environmentally Acceptable[J].USA,US 4842715,1987.
[42]何泽能,李振山,籍国东.油田污染土壤中石油回收的模拟研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报.2005,13(2):136-145
[43]陈书林,邵涛.油泥、油砂生物综合处理技术研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报.2005,27(2):427-430
[2]孙景欣,刘晓艳,毛国成,李英丽,戴春雷,王平利,冯进来.油田含油污泥处理技术研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用.2006,24(6):18-22
[3]欧阳威,刘红,于勇勇,许增德.生物强化处理油田含油污泥的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报.2005,24(2):349-352
[4]曹方起,曾庆辉,何国安.临盘油田含油泥处理技术研究[J].石油天然气学报.2005,27(3):572-575
[5]徐如良,王乐勤,孟庆鹏.工业油罐底泥处理现状与试验探索[J].石油化工安全技术.2003,19(3):36-39
[6]赵玉鹏,李性伟,吴大军等.油田采出液中含油污泥的无害化处理研究[J].石油规划设计.1999,10(2):29-32
[7]吴丽华,王志强.胜利油田的油泥沙现状及处理工艺探讨[J].油气田环境保护.1998,12:23-25
[8]郝以专,孟相民,李晓祥.油田含油污泥处理工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气田环境保护,2001,9:40-42
[9]罗士平,周国平等.油田含油污泥处理工艺条件的研究[J].江苏工业学院学报.2003,3(15):24-26
[10]黄戍生,常文兴.从含油污泥中回收原油[J].环境保护科学.2001,4(27):7-8
[11]李丹梅,王艳霞,余庆中等.含油污泥调剖技术的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,3(25):74-76
[12]李君,罗亚田,丁,飒.国内外含油污泥的处理现状分析[J].能源环境保护.2007,21(5):12-14,51
[13]刘玉丽.油田含油污泥焚烧处理技术及设备研究[J].石油与天然气化工.2005,34(5):426-428
[14]周高华,方善如,张剑鸣,李瑜.含油污泥脱水设备与技术[J].化工机械.2003,30(5):306-311
[15]田建军.污泥浓缩脱水机房工艺设备安装[J].建厂科技交流.2007,34(3):39-41,59
[16]聂贵岭,陈东喜,王晓娥,梁玉纪.含油污泥工业化处理技术及应用[J].内蒙古石油化工.2007,33(9):49-50
[17]张忠智,张涛,刘冬芳,王军.含油污泥处理工艺优化研究[J].石油炼制与化工.2005,36(8):56-59
[18]秦芳晨,张瑞成,刘洪达,陈平.现存含油污泥减量化的处理工艺[J].石油知识.2003,5:12
[19]Song Kao Pjn,Lu Xiang gu,Li Yiqian.A Well Test Model for ComPound Reservoir withNon-newtonian Power-law Fluid.Seientia Geologiea Siniea.1996Vol.5:1-10,
[20]傅诚德等.21世纪中国石油天然气资源战略.北京:石油工业出版社.2000
[21]Sundar.Cleanup of oil wastes[M].US.4931161.1990:220-236
[22]Bock.Unique and effective separation technique for oil contaminatedsludge[M].US,4938877,1991:25-50
[23]Heuer.Process for the recovery of oil from waste oil sludge[M].US,4990237,1991
铩颷24]王红秋,辛红.超临界流体萃取技术[J].石化技术.2004,11(3):62-66
[25]雷世晓,王德敏,雷士文.含油污泥冷处置工艺[J].中国资源综合利用.2005(9):14-15
[26]Krebs,Geory.Sludge drying system with recycling exhaustair[M].US,5309849.1993:55-71
[27]丁克强,孙铁所,李培军.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):35-361
[28]马文漓,杨柳燕.环境微生物工程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,19981 56-861
[29]谢重阁,环境中石油污染物的分析技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987,123-471
[30]Oolman.Castakli FF,Bahrans GP.Biotrcat oily refinery wastes[J].HydrocarbonProacssing.1992,(8):67-69
[31]ReisR RC.An interview of the environmental issues facing the upstream petroleumindustry[J].SPE 26366,1993
[32]蒋展鹏.环境工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1991:25-63
[33]杨怀杰.油田油泥砂防治技术研究[J].石油化工环境保护.2004,27(4):50-53.
[34]王蓉沙,周建东,刘光全.钻井废弃物处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.2001,:110-125
[35]高鹏.胜利油田利用生化法处理含油泥砂研究[J].油气田环境保护.2006,16(3):30-33.
[36]高廷耀,顾国维.水污染控制工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999:207-208.
[37]Lu Xiangguo,Song Kaoping,Niu Jingang.Property and Evaluation Method of ColloidalDispersiongels[J].SPE 59466,April 25-26,2000,Asia-Pacific Conference on IntegratedModeling for AS SET Management,YOKOHAMA,JAPAN
[38]Song Kaoping,Lu Xiangguo,Li Yiqiang.A Well Test Model for Compound Reservoirwith Non-newtonian Power-law Fluid[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,Vol.5,1-10,June 1996
[39]Hollman E.R.Seperation Scheme for Cleaning Oil Waste[J].CIM/ASOTRA,31-37
[40]Solomon M Jacob,et al.Liquid Sludge Disposal Process[J].USA,US 4786401,1987.
[41]Stephen C.Paspek,Jr.,North Royalton et al.Novel Technique for Rendering OilySludges Environmentally Acceptable[J].USA,US 4842715,1987.
[42]何泽能,李振山,籍国东.油田污染土壤中石油回收的模拟研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报.2005,13(2):136-145
[43]陈书林,邵涛.油泥、油砂生物综合处理技术研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报.2005,27(2):427-430