含油污泥微波热转化工艺设计与试验
|
摘要
随着石油工业的迅速发展，所带来的环境问题也越来越严重。其中，产生的大量含油污泥不仅浪费了宝贵的石油资源，而且对周围环境造成严重的污染。由此，开展含油污泥的减量化、无害化与资源化处置研究具有重要的意义。
本论文设计了含油污泥微波热转化工艺流程，该流程包括6个功能模块：进料系统、微波热转化系统、烟气冷凝和分离系统、不凝气净化系统、工艺检测与控制系统和其他配套辅助系统，可以满足将含油污泥减量化、无害化与资源化处置的要求。
进料系统能够对含油污泥进行均质混合处理后送至微波热解炉，其送料速度0~10kg/h可调节；微波加热炉进行程序控制，可加热物料至800℃；制冷系统能确保循环冷却水温度达到5℃，可以充分冷凝热转化炉产生的高温烟气；尾气处理系统热氧化炉温度可控制达500℃，实现可燃不凝气的氧化焚烧。不凝气经氧化焚烧后经过洗涤塔洗涤净化，可达标排放；工艺系统通过PLC控制可自动在线采集不凝气样品，并进行组分分析，可对产生冷凝液在线计量；控制系统能够实时监测、控制微波反应器中的温度，实现运行数据采集和储存。
试验发现，一次性进料和连续进料方式对微波热处理反应炉内的温度场有非常显著的影响。在微波热处理静态试验过程中，微波反应炉内的温度场从顶部至底部温度先升高后降低，反应炉中部位置温度最高；在微波动态试验过程中，微波反应炉内温度场从顶部至底部温度一直上升，反应炉内底部温度最高；添加微波吸收剂明显增加了冷凝液和不凝气的产量，提高了处理效率。
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, it brings moreand more serious environmental problems. A large of oily sludge producedin pretroleum industry seriously pollutes the surrounding environment. Thiskind of oily sludge also contains valuable oil resources. However, it isgreatly significant to treat oily sludge with recovery of oily sludge.
In present paper, apparatus for oily sludge of microwave heat treatmentwas designed and built. The process of oily sludge of microwave heattreatment consists of six functional parts: the feeding system, heat treatmentsystem, distillate condensation and separation system, thermal oxidationtreatment system, non-condensable gas detection system, process monitoringand control system.
Feeding system，which is used for crushing and mixing oily sludge，can transport oily sludge to microwave pyrolysis system at max10kg/h.Microwave pyrolysis furnace is controlled by program， the operatingtemperature of which is up to800℃. Refrigeration system can ensure thetemperature of cooling water to reach5℃, and the high temperature flue gases can be effectively condensed. The temperature of thermally oxidizedsystem can be controlled up to500℃, and the exhaust gases from thermallyoxidized system can effectively be washed and cleaned by the scrubber,finally the exhaust emits at the standard; non-condensable gases canautomatically be collected for samples online and analysised for theircomponents. The process can effectively be controlled and the process datacan be collected, recorded and stored.
Experimental results show that feeding ways have very significantimpact on the temperature distribution inside microwave heat treatmentreactor. when microwave heat treatment apparatus was feeded at one time,the temperature increased at first and then reduced from the top to bottom ofthe reactor. Temperature is highest at the center of reactor. If it was feededcontinously, the temperature continuously increased from the top to bottomof the reactor. At the bottom of reactor the temperature is highest. Additionof microwave absorbent significantly increased the outputs of condensatedliquids and non-condensable gases, and improved the treatment efficiencyof oily sludges.
本论文设计了含油污泥微波热转化工艺流程，该流程包括6个功能模块：进料系统、微波热转化系统、烟气冷凝和分离系统、不凝气净化系统、工艺检测与控制系统和其他配套辅助系统，可以满足将含油污泥减量化、无害化与资源化处置的要求。
进料系统能够对含油污泥进行均质混合处理后送至微波热解炉，其送料速度0~10kg/h可调节；微波加热炉进行程序控制，可加热物料至800℃；制冷系统能确保循环冷却水温度达到5℃，可以充分冷凝热转化炉产生的高温烟气；尾气处理系统热氧化炉温度可控制达500℃，实现可燃不凝气的氧化焚烧。不凝气经氧化焚烧后经过洗涤塔洗涤净化，可达标排放；工艺系统通过PLC控制可自动在线采集不凝气样品，并进行组分分析，可对产生冷凝液在线计量；控制系统能够实时监测、控制微波反应器中的温度，实现运行数据采集和储存。
试验发现，一次性进料和连续进料方式对微波热处理反应炉内的温度场有非常显著的影响。在微波热处理静态试验过程中，微波反应炉内的温度场从顶部至底部温度先升高后降低，反应炉中部位置温度最高；在微波动态试验过程中，微波反应炉内温度场从顶部至底部温度一直上升，反应炉内底部温度最高；添加微波吸收剂明显增加了冷凝液和不凝气的产量，提高了处理效率。
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, it brings moreand more serious environmental problems. A large of oily sludge producedin pretroleum industry seriously pollutes the surrounding environment. Thiskind of oily sludge also contains valuable oil resources. However, it isgreatly significant to treat oily sludge with recovery of oily sludge.
In present paper, apparatus for oily sludge of microwave heat treatmentwas designed and built. The process of oily sludge of microwave heattreatment consists of six functional parts: the feeding system, heat treatmentsystem, distillate condensation and separation system, thermal oxidationtreatment system, non-condensable gas detection system, process monitoringand control system.
Feeding system，which is used for crushing and mixing oily sludge，can transport oily sludge to microwave pyrolysis system at max10kg/h.Microwave pyrolysis furnace is controlled by program， the operatingtemperature of which is up to800℃. Refrigeration system can ensure thetemperature of cooling water to reach5℃, and the high temperature flue gases can be effectively condensed. The temperature of thermally oxidizedsystem can be controlled up to500℃, and the exhaust gases from thermallyoxidized system can effectively be washed and cleaned by the scrubber,finally the exhaust emits at the standard; non-condensable gases canautomatically be collected for samples online and analysised for theircomponents. The process can effectively be controlled and the process datacan be collected, recorded and stored.
Experimental results show that feeding ways have very significantimpact on the temperature distribution inside microwave heat treatmentreactor. when microwave heat treatment apparatus was feeded at one time,the temperature increased at first and then reduced from the top to bottom ofthe reactor. Temperature is highest at the center of reactor. If it was feededcontinously, the temperature continuously increased from the top to bottomof the reactor. At the bottom of reactor the temperature is highest. Additionof microwave absorbent significantly increased the outputs of condensatedliquids and non-condensable gases, and improved the treatment efficiencyof oily sludges.
引文
[1]董文兵,郝红梅.我国石油工业环境保护相关法律问题[J].油气田环境保护,2006,16(1):7-11
[2]戴永胜.含油污泥的综合利用[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2003
[3]赵东风,赵朝成,路帅.焦化法处理含油污泥工艺流程研究[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(2):55-57
[4]宋丹.含有污泥处理技术的研究[J].石油化工环境保护,2006,29(2):39-42
[5]陈辉,林雅信,马晓菲.浅谈城市污泥处理处置[J].科技信息,2010,(32)518
[6]李凡修.含油污泥无害化处理及综合利用的途径[J].油气田环境保护,1998,8(3):42-44
[7] Bassam M, Mohammed N B. Biodegradation of total organic carbons (TOC) in Jordanianpetroleum sludge[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,120(4):127–134
[8]吴家强.油田采油污泥热解特征与技术研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2009
[9]杨海军.含油污泥热裂解技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2008
[10]刘子龙,王蓉莎,姚日远.含油污泥资源化技术的研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4):136-138
[11] Hong F, Michael A M. Comparison between supercritical carbon dioxide extraction andaqueous surfactant washing of an oily machining waste[J]. Journal of HazardousMaterials,1999,67(2):197–213
[12]朱冠楠,陈洪斌,李大伟,等.含油污泥生物稳定的研究进展[J].四川环境,2008,27(4):92-97
[13]匡少平,孙东亚,孙玉焕.中原油田油泥及周边土壤中PAHs的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):855-861
[14]石丰.石油污泥热解研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2011
[15]刘志群.落地油泥污染及油土分离处理的工艺研究[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(1):33-34
[16]沈哲.直罗采油厂采油污水回注处理技术研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010
[17] Li C T, Lee W, Mi H H. PAH emission from the incineration of waste oily sludge and PEpastic mixtures[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,1995,170:171-183
[18]战玉柱,高洪阁,张大松,等.低含油污泥固化处理技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2010,20(1):20-22
[19]王志欣.含油污泥深度调剖技术研究与应用[J].油气田环境保护,2008,18(2):16-19
[20]中国石油天然气集团公司含油污泥的调研报告.2004,5
[21]雍兴跃,王万福,张晓飞,等.含油污泥资源化技术研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2010,20(2):43-45
[22]姜勇,董铁有,丁丙新.含油污泥热化学处理技术[J].安全与环境工程,2007,14(2):60-62
[23] Heuer, Steven, Ray. Process for the recovery oil from waste oil sludge[J]. World Oil,1992,(3),04424
[24] Babalis S J, Papanicolaou E, Kyriakis N, et a1. Evaluation of thin-layer drying models fordescribing drying kinetics of figs[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2006,75:205-214
[25]张刚,李留仁,郝瑞芬,等.柴细琼含油泥砂资源化处理方法研究及存在的问题[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(1):104-106
[26]杨继生,徐辉.油泥砂处理技术研究（上）[J].上海化工,2008,33(5):23-25
[27]王嘉麟,吴芳云,吕荣湖.从含油污泥中回收油技术的研究[J].油气田环境保护,1996,6(3):3-5
[28]王闪闪,刘宏菊,张洋洋.化学破乳法处理孤东油田含油污泥的实验研究[J].能源环境保护,2007,21(5):28-30
[29]吴丽华,王志强.胜利油田的油泥砂现状及处理工艺探讨[J].油气田环境保护,1998,8(4):23-25
[30] Maria E, Shiva H. Sustainable waste management: recovery of fuels from petroleumsludge[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32:164-169
[31] Zappi M.E. Bioslurry treatment of a soil contaminated with low concentrations of totalpetroleum hydrocarbon.Journal of hazardous Materials[J].1996,46(1):1-12
[32]黄松芝,刘真凯,赖晓雪,等.孤东油田含油污泥现状及处理技术[J].油气田环境保护,2004,12(1):25-27
[33]杨怀杰.油田油泥油砂防治技术研究[J].石油化工环境保护,2004,27(4):50-53
[34]宋薇,刘建国,聂永丰.含油污泥的热解特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2008,36(3):286-290
[35]冯旭河,汤胜利,陈绍萍.胜利油田原油储罐油泥砂处理技术[J].油气田地面工程,2009,28(1):1-4
[36]李恒进,胥元刚,李胜彪,等.河南稠油油田油泥砂无害化处理工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2009,28(8):79-80
[37]蔡世干.石油化工工艺学[M].中国石化出版社,1992,49-61
[38]杨锋,康利伟,刘芳,等.陇东油田含油污泥处理技术[J].油气田环境保护,2008,18(1):30-32
[39]常银环,任红字.油田含油泥砂的处理[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(2):33-34
[40] Schmidt H, Kaminsky W. Pyrolysis of oil sludge in a fluidized bed reactor[J].Chemosphere,2001,45:285-290
[41] Duan X, Zhang M, Mujumdar A S, et al. Trends in microwave-assisted freeze drying offoods[J]. Drying Technology,2010,28(4):444-453
[42]王万福,杜卫东,何银花.含油污泥热解处理与利用研究[J].石油规划设计,2008,19(6):24-27
[43] Inguanzo M, Dominguez A, Menendez J A, et al. On the pyrolysis of sewage sludge: theinfluence of pyrolysis condition on solid, liquid and gas fractions[J]. Journal of Analyticaland Applied Pyrolysis,2002,63:209-222
[44] Idris A, Khalid K, Omar W. Drying of Silica Sludge Using Microwave Heating[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2004,24(5-6):905-918
[45]王万福,何银花,刘颖,等.含油污泥的热解处理与利用[J].油气田环境保护,2006,16(6):15-18
[46]王富丽,黄世勇,宋清滨,等.生物质快速热解液化技术的研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2008,24(3):225-230
[47] R.G. Bosisiot, J.L. Cambon, C. Chavarie and D. Klvana. Expermental rwsults on theheating of Athabasca tar sand samples with microwave power[J]. Journal of MicrowavePower,1977,12(4)
[48]林世雄,石油炼制工程[M].石油工业出版社,2000,297-302
[49]岳海鹏,李松.油田含油污泥处理技术的发展现状、探讨及展望[J].化工技术与开发,2010,39(4):17-20
[50]林玉红,罗登山,闫亚明.微波技术在烟草工业中的应用研究进展[J].烟草科技,2004,(2):9-13
[51]陈中,彭志英.微波加热技术与食品工业[J].食品与发酵工业,1997,23(6):53-56
[52] Dominguez A, Menendez J A, Inguanzo M, et al. Investigation into the characteristics ofoils produced from microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge[J]. Fuel ProcessingTechnology,2005,86(9):1007-1020
[53] Kingston H M, Jassie L B. Microwave energy for acid decomposition at elevatedtemperatures and pressures using biological and botanical samples[J]. Analyticalchemistry,1986,58(12):2534-2541
[54]董优雅.油菜籽粕生物质热解过程及产物特性研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011
[55]刘文铁,王淑彦,陆慧林.污泥的热解动力学及机理研究[J].热能动力工程,2006,21(5):529-531.
[56] Bohlmann J T, Lorth C M, Drews A, et al. Microwave high pressure thermochemicalconversion of sewage sludge as an alternative to incineration[J]. Chemical EngineeringTechnology,1999,21(5):404-410
[57] Menéndes J A, Inguanzo M, Pis J J. Microwave-induced pyrolysis of swage sludge[J].Water Research,2002,36(13):3261-3264
[58] A. Dominguez, J. A. Menendez, J. J. Pis. Hydrogen rich fuel gas production from thepyrolysis of wet sewage sludge at high temperature[J].Journal of Analytical and AppliedPyrolysis,2006,77(2),127-132
[59] Keep U, Machenbach L, Welsz N, et al. Enhanced stabilization of sewage sludge throughthermal hydrolysis-three years of experience with full scale plant[J]. Water Science andTechnology,2000,42(9):89-96
[60]董誉,汤兵,许奕春,等.微波法处理处置污泥研究进展[J].科技导报,2010,28(3):112-115
[61]王万福,李果,雍兴跃,等.油泥微波程序升温热转化[J].化工进展,2011,30(10):2310-2316
[62]刘永. SMATIC S7-300PLC在加热炉控制系统中的应用[J].科技资讯,2008,10:204
[63]周汉清,朱葛俊,王继水.基于DSP的频率电压紧急控制系统及其抗干扰设计[J].科技资讯,2007,33:20-22
[64]庞小肖.含聚油泥微波热处理过程及强化技术研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011
[65]雍兴跃,张建,祝威,等.半干化含聚油泥的微波热处理过程研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2010,39(4):354-358
[2]戴永胜.含油污泥的综合利用[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2003
[3]赵东风,赵朝成,路帅.焦化法处理含油污泥工艺流程研究[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(2):55-57
[4]宋丹.含有污泥处理技术的研究[J].石油化工环境保护,2006,29(2):39-42
[5]陈辉,林雅信,马晓菲.浅谈城市污泥处理处置[J].科技信息,2010,(32)518
[6]李凡修.含油污泥无害化处理及综合利用的途径[J].油气田环境保护,1998,8(3):42-44
[7] Bassam M, Mohammed N B. Biodegradation of total organic carbons (TOC) in Jordanianpetroleum sludge[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,120(4):127–134
[8]吴家强.油田采油污泥热解特征与技术研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2009
[9]杨海军.含油污泥热裂解技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2008
[10]刘子龙,王蓉莎,姚日远.含油污泥资源化技术的研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4):136-138
[11] Hong F, Michael A M. Comparison between supercritical carbon dioxide extraction andaqueous surfactant washing of an oily machining waste[J]. Journal of HazardousMaterials,1999,67(2):197–213
[12]朱冠楠,陈洪斌,李大伟,等.含油污泥生物稳定的研究进展[J].四川环境,2008,27(4):92-97
[13]匡少平,孙东亚,孙玉焕.中原油田油泥及周边土壤中PAHs的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):855-861
[14]石丰.石油污泥热解研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2011
[15]刘志群.落地油泥污染及油土分离处理的工艺研究[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(1):33-34
[16]沈哲.直罗采油厂采油污水回注处理技术研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010
[17] Li C T, Lee W, Mi H H. PAH emission from the incineration of waste oily sludge and PEpastic mixtures[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,1995,170:171-183
[18]战玉柱,高洪阁,张大松,等.低含油污泥固化处理技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2010,20(1):20-22
[19]王志欣.含油污泥深度调剖技术研究与应用[J].油气田环境保护,2008,18(2):16-19
[20]中国石油天然气集团公司含油污泥的调研报告.2004,5
[21]雍兴跃,王万福,张晓飞,等.含油污泥资源化技术研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2010,20(2):43-45
[22]姜勇,董铁有,丁丙新.含油污泥热化学处理技术[J].安全与环境工程,2007,14(2):60-62
[23] Heuer, Steven, Ray. Process for the recovery oil from waste oil sludge[J]. World Oil,1992,(3),04424
[24] Babalis S J, Papanicolaou E, Kyriakis N, et a1. Evaluation of thin-layer drying models fordescribing drying kinetics of figs[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2006,75:205-214
[25]张刚,李留仁,郝瑞芬,等.柴细琼含油泥砂资源化处理方法研究及存在的问题[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(1):104-106
[26]杨继生,徐辉.油泥砂处理技术研究（上）[J].上海化工,2008,33(5):23-25
[27]王嘉麟,吴芳云,吕荣湖.从含油污泥中回收油技术的研究[J].油气田环境保护,1996,6(3):3-5
[28]王闪闪,刘宏菊,张洋洋.化学破乳法处理孤东油田含油污泥的实验研究[J].能源环境保护,2007,21(5):28-30
[29]吴丽华,王志强.胜利油田的油泥砂现状及处理工艺探讨[J].油气田环境保护,1998,8(4):23-25
[30] Maria E, Shiva H. Sustainable waste management: recovery of fuels from petroleumsludge[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32:164-169
[31] Zappi M.E. Bioslurry treatment of a soil contaminated with low concentrations of totalpetroleum hydrocarbon.Journal of hazardous Materials[J].1996,46(1):1-12
[32]黄松芝,刘真凯,赖晓雪,等.孤东油田含油污泥现状及处理技术[J].油气田环境保护,2004,12(1):25-27
[33]杨怀杰.油田油泥油砂防治技术研究[J].石油化工环境保护,2004,27(4):50-53
[34]宋薇,刘建国,聂永丰.含油污泥的热解特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2008,36(3):286-290
[35]冯旭河,汤胜利,陈绍萍.胜利油田原油储罐油泥砂处理技术[J].油气田地面工程,2009,28(1):1-4
[36]李恒进,胥元刚,李胜彪,等.河南稠油油田油泥砂无害化处理工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2009,28(8):79-80
[37]蔡世干.石油化工工艺学[M].中国石化出版社,1992,49-61
[38]杨锋,康利伟,刘芳,等.陇东油田含油污泥处理技术[J].油气田环境保护,2008,18(1):30-32
[39]常银环,任红字.油田含油泥砂的处理[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(2):33-34
[40] Schmidt H, Kaminsky W. Pyrolysis of oil sludge in a fluidized bed reactor[J].Chemosphere,2001,45:285-290
[41] Duan X, Zhang M, Mujumdar A S, et al. Trends in microwave-assisted freeze drying offoods[J]. Drying Technology,2010,28(4):444-453
[42]王万福,杜卫东,何银花.含油污泥热解处理与利用研究[J].石油规划设计,2008,19(6):24-27
[43] Inguanzo M, Dominguez A, Menendez J A, et al. On the pyrolysis of sewage sludge: theinfluence of pyrolysis condition on solid, liquid and gas fractions[J]. Journal of Analyticaland Applied Pyrolysis,2002,63:209-222
[44] Idris A, Khalid K, Omar W. Drying of Silica Sludge Using Microwave Heating[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2004,24(5-6):905-918
[45]王万福,何银花,刘颖,等.含油污泥的热解处理与利用[J].油气田环境保护,2006,16(6):15-18
[46]王富丽,黄世勇,宋清滨,等.生物质快速热解液化技术的研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2008,24(3):225-230
[47] R.G. Bosisiot, J.L. Cambon, C. Chavarie and D. Klvana. Expermental rwsults on theheating of Athabasca tar sand samples with microwave power[J]. Journal of MicrowavePower,1977,12(4)
[48]林世雄,石油炼制工程[M].石油工业出版社,2000,297-302
[49]岳海鹏,李松.油田含油污泥处理技术的发展现状、探讨及展望[J].化工技术与开发,2010,39(4):17-20
[50]林玉红,罗登山,闫亚明.微波技术在烟草工业中的应用研究进展[J].烟草科技,2004,(2):9-13
[51]陈中,彭志英.微波加热技术与食品工业[J].食品与发酵工业,1997,23(6):53-56
[52] Dominguez A, Menendez J A, Inguanzo M, et al. Investigation into the characteristics ofoils produced from microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge[J]. Fuel ProcessingTechnology,2005,86(9):1007-1020
[53] Kingston H M, Jassie L B. Microwave energy for acid decomposition at elevatedtemperatures and pressures using biological and botanical samples[J]. Analyticalchemistry,1986,58(12):2534-2541
[54]董优雅.油菜籽粕生物质热解过程及产物特性研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011
[55]刘文铁,王淑彦,陆慧林.污泥的热解动力学及机理研究[J].热能动力工程,2006,21(5):529-531.
[56] Bohlmann J T, Lorth C M, Drews A, et al. Microwave high pressure thermochemicalconversion of sewage sludge as an alternative to incineration[J]. Chemical EngineeringTechnology,1999,21(5):404-410
[57] Menéndes J A, Inguanzo M, Pis J J. Microwave-induced pyrolysis of swage sludge[J].Water Research,2002,36(13):3261-3264
[58] A. Dominguez, J. A. Menendez, J. J. Pis. Hydrogen rich fuel gas production from thepyrolysis of wet sewage sludge at high temperature[J].Journal of Analytical and AppliedPyrolysis,2006,77(2),127-132
[59] Keep U, Machenbach L, Welsz N, et al. Enhanced stabilization of sewage sludge throughthermal hydrolysis-three years of experience with full scale plant[J]. Water Science andTechnology,2000,42(9):89-96
[60]董誉,汤兵,许奕春,等.微波法处理处置污泥研究进展[J].科技导报,2010,28(3):112-115
[61]王万福,李果,雍兴跃,等.油泥微波程序升温热转化[J].化工进展,2011,30(10):2310-2316
[62]刘永. SMATIC S7-300PLC在加热炉控制系统中的应用[J].科技资讯,2008,10:204
[63]周汉清,朱葛俊,王继水.基于DSP的频率电压紧急控制系统及其抗干扰设计[J].科技资讯,2007,33:20-22
[64]庞小肖.含聚油泥微波热处理过程及强化技术研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011
[65]雍兴跃,张建,祝威,等.半干化含聚油泥的微波热处理过程研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2010,39(4):354-358