渣油罐拱顶失效原因分析及维修方法的研究
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摘要
拱顶罐是一种常见的大型储罐,其主要的失效形式是拱顶失稳。本文针对华北石化公司罐405拱顶罐拱顶失稳,应用外压失稳理论分析获得其失稳原因:罐内负压超过一阶临界荷载,致使罐顶失稳变形。综合比较检修法、正压法等几种拱顶修复方法,针对405罐失效的实际情况,选取注水正压法进行修复。修复过程注意防止外界温度造成罐内压力变化,注水不宜过快。为防止焊缝拉裂,修复前应进行局部加强。进行上举力、罐顶环向应力校核,确保储罐安全修复。通过运用网络技术法对渣油罐拱顶维修工程的路线进行优化,提出在正压法修复后局部采用机械吊拉法进行修复的建议,确保维修工期合理规划、降低了成本费用。并对渣油罐拱顶维修成本进行了分析,通过改善网络计划,得到最优方案并付诸实施,对生产实际有重要的指导意义。
Dome roof tank is a common large storage tank and its main failure mode is dome roof instability. According to 405tanks’s roof instability in North China Petrochemical Corporation, this paper utilized the external pressure instability theory to analyze and get the reason is that the tank negative pressure exceeded the first order critical load to cause the dome roof’s deformation. A comprehensive comparison has been made between repairing method and positive pressure method to select the water injection positive pressure method to restore 405tank according to the real situation of the tank. ANSYS software has been explicated to establish the dome roof tank’s mechanical model to check the instability and analyze the intensity under inner pressure. The finite element model of the instable tank has been established using node method to analyze the stress during the restoring process, pointing out that positive pressure method is feasible to restore the instable tank in case of less serious deformation. During the repairing process, external temperature change should be paid more attention to prevent the change of tank’s inner pressure. Water injection should not be too fast, and when the inner pressure is greater than 0.5 times of the first order instability critical load, water injection speed should be reduced. To prevent the seam fracturing, partial strengthening should be carried out before the restoration. Uplift force and dome roof hoop stress should be checked to ensure a safe restoration. This paper presents a method to improve the critical load and safety repair measures which is an important guiding significance to actual production.
Dome roof tank is a common large storage tank and its main failure mode is dome roof instability. According to 405tanks’s roof instability in North China Petrochemical Corporation, this paper utilized the external pressure instability theory to analyze and get the reason is that the tank negative pressure exceeded the first order critical load to cause the dome roof’s deformation. A comprehensive comparison has been made between repairing method and positive pressure method to select the water injection positive pressure method to restore 405tank according to the real situation of the tank. ANSYS software has been explicated to establish the dome roof tank’s mechanical model to check the instability and analyze the intensity under inner pressure. The finite element model of the instable tank has been established using node method to analyze the stress during the restoring process, pointing out that positive pressure method is feasible to restore the instable tank in case of less serious deformation. During the repairing process, external temperature change should be paid more attention to prevent the change of tank’s inner pressure. Water injection should not be too fast, and when the inner pressure is greater than 0.5 times of the first order instability critical load, water injection speed should be reduced. To prevent the seam fracturing, partial strengthening should be carried out before the restoration. Uplift force and dome roof hoop stress should be checked to ensure a safe restoration. This paper presents a method to improve the critical load and safety repair measures which is an important guiding significance to actual production.
引文
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[10]贾磊.拱顶油罐罐顶爆裂的原因分析及预防措施[J].油气储运,2002,21(8): 52-54.
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[12]孙盛普.某拱顶油罐基础沉陷的修复与试水[J].油气储运,1997,16(12):42-44.
[13]刘庆宏.大型拱顶钢油罐抽瘪后的修复[J].油气储运,2001,20(5):37-40
[14]王元波.正压法在立式拱顶油罐变形修复中的应用[J].石油化工设备技术,2002, 23(5):54-56
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[16]胡运权,郭耀煌.运筹学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[17]吴育华,杜纲.管理科学基础[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2004.
[18]王歇成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.
[19]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1981.
[20] Reddy J N.有限元法概论[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1988.
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[22] ANSYS Inc. ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.
[23]张洪林.大型网壳式拱顶结构有限元分析计算[J].石油规划设计,1998(5):25 -26.
[24]刘巨保,张学鸿,王树东.10000 m3拱顶油罐顶板应力与腐蚀分析[J].油气储运, 1995,14(6):24-27.
[25]王平.常压储罐系统安全评价研究[D].黑龙江:大庆石油学院硕士学位论文, 2003.
[26]尹晔昕,薛明德.拱顶储罐承压圈型式与承载能力的关系[D].压力容器,2002, 19(10):25-29,35.
[27]尹晔昕,王瑜.大型拱顶储罐的有限元计算[D].油气储运,2003,22(1):23-26.
[28]秦小勇.储液罐静力与地震动力响应有限元数值分析[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[29]姜志阳.大型圆筒形外浮顶储罐罐壁及浮顶设计计算探讨[D].上海:上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[30]马玉红,邹君.大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算[J].炼油与化工,2002,13 (3):26-28.
[2] Lloyd, Brownell E. Process Equipment Design[M], Vessel Design:1-19.
[3]项忠权,孙家孔.石油化工设备抗震[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.
[4]张文良,张广煜.5000 m3拱顶油罐失稳原因分析[J].抚顺石油学院学报,1998, 18(1):41-43.
[5]袁悦.在役储油罐可靠性评定[D].重庆:后勤工程学院硕士学位论文,1999.
[6]孙新海.立式圆筒钢制储罐腐蚀失效调查[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2002, 19(3):36-38.
[7]刘巨保,王树东.10000 m3拱顶油罐顶板应力与腐蚀分析[J].油气储运,1995, 14(6):24-27.
[8]张生阳,张荣新.常压拱顶油罐的破坏及其解决办法[J].石油化工设备,1996, 25(2):17-19.
[9]刘性庄.10000 m3原油储罐塌陷事故的原因分析[J].油气储运,1997,16(3): 43-44.
[10]贾磊.拱顶油罐罐顶爆裂的原因分析及预防措施[J].油气储运,2002,21(8): 52-54.
[11]王乃和.拱顶罐拱顶塌陷的原因及修复[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(4): 68-69.
[12]孙盛普.某拱顶油罐基础沉陷的修复与试水[J].油气储运,1997,16(12):42-44.
[13]刘庆宏.大型拱顶钢油罐抽瘪后的修复[J].油气储运,2001,20(5):37-40
[14]王元波.正压法在立式拱顶油罐变形修复中的应用[J].石油化工设备技术,2002, 23(5):54-56
[15]李树雷.拱顶油罐维修用旋转式工作架[J].石油工程建设,1996,22(1):37-38.
[16]胡运权,郭耀煌.运筹学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[17]吴育华,杜纲.管理科学基础[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2004.
[18]王歇成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.
[19]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1981.
[20] Reddy J N.有限元法概论[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1988.
[21]署恒木,仝兴华.工程有限单元法基础[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1998:85-86
[22] ANSYS Inc. ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.
[23]张洪林.大型网壳式拱顶结构有限元分析计算[J].石油规划设计,1998(5):25 -26.
[24]刘巨保,张学鸿,王树东.10000 m3拱顶油罐顶板应力与腐蚀分析[J].油气储运, 1995,14(6):24-27.
[25]王平.常压储罐系统安全评价研究[D].黑龙江:大庆石油学院硕士学位论文, 2003.
[26]尹晔昕,薛明德.拱顶储罐承压圈型式与承载能力的关系[D].压力容器,2002, 19(10):25-29,35.
[27]尹晔昕,王瑜.大型拱顶储罐的有限元计算[D].油气储运,2003,22(1):23-26.
[28]秦小勇.储液罐静力与地震动力响应有限元数值分析[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[29]姜志阳.大型圆筒形外浮顶储罐罐壁及浮顶设计计算探讨[D].上海:上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[30]马玉红,邹君.大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算[J].炼油与化工,2002,13 (3):26-28.