组合弹性支承—阻尼系统动力特性理论及试验研究
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摘要
航空发动机转子系统最常见的问题是由稳态同步进动引起的剧烈振动,为了减小转子振动,通常引入外部阻尼降低转子过临界转速时的振动峰值。挤压油膜阻尼器(Squeeze Film Damper,简称为SFD)是当前广泛用于航空发动机的一种支承阻尼器,它具有减振效果明显、结构简单、可靠性高等突出优点,但同时也存在一些缺点,如油膜的高度非线性特性导致的双稳态、锁死和非协调进动等现象,这些现象会引起转子系统振动过大甚至碰摩、疲劳,因而限制了SFD的使用范围。
本文在传统SFD的基础上,提出一种新型的组合弹性支承挤压油膜阻尼器(Combined Elastic Support-Damper,简称为CESD),即将弹性环式弹性支承置于SFD中,构成弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(Elastic Ring Squeeze Film Damper,简称为ERSFD),将其与鼠笼式弹性支承并联构成组合弹性支承—阻尼系统,既发挥了传统SFD的优点,又改善了油膜刚度高度非线性的不足。
本文对ERSFD系统的弹性支承刚度进行了分析,获得了弹性环刚度随结构参数变化的基本规律,并进行了试验验证;推导了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的Reynolds方程,建立了ERSFD的理论模型,编制了ERSFD油膜特性分析程序,分析了阻尼器的油膜力特性,获得了阻尼器油膜力特性随结构参数变化的基本规律;发展了组合弹性支承—阻尼—转子系统动力特性的分析方法,分析了带弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的转子—支承系统的动力特性,并进行了试验验证;通过试验,得到了轴向力、供油条件、结构参数以及不平衡量对组合弹性支承—阻尼系统动力特性的影响规律,研究了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的减振机理,为航空发动机组合弹性支承—阻尼系统的工程设计提供了有价值的依据。
The most commonly recurring problems in the rotor system of aero-engines are excessive steady state synchronous vibration levels. It may be reduced by introducing external damping to limit the peak amplitude at traversed critical speeds. Squeeze film damper (SFD) is a type damper widely used in aero-engines. It offers the obvious advantages of dissipation of vibration energy, as well as small volume and high reliability. But some nonlinear phenomena are generated when larger unbalance act on SFD, for instance, bistable, lockup and asynchronous whirl. These nonlinear phenomena should lead to large vibration level, rub and fatigue, which limit the operating range of SFD.
This dissertation presents a new type damper, Combined Elastic Support-Damper (CESD). It is made of squirrel-cage spring and ERSFD (Elastic Ring + SFD), and can improve the nonlinear characteristics of film force, besides control vibration level.
In this dissertation, the stiffness characteristics of elastic supports are analyzed, and the influence factors on them are investigated. Using Reynolds equation, the analysis model of ERSFD is theorized, and analysis program is developed. The film force characteristics of ERSFD and influence factors on them are obtained. By theoretical and experimental investigation on the rotor-CESD system, the dynamic characteristics under the influence of axial force, oil supply, structural parameters and unbalance are obtained. Finally, the damping mechanism is obtained to guide design of CESD for aero-engines.
本文在传统SFD的基础上,提出一种新型的组合弹性支承挤压油膜阻尼器(Combined Elastic Support-Damper,简称为CESD),即将弹性环式弹性支承置于SFD中,构成弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(Elastic Ring Squeeze Film Damper,简称为ERSFD),将其与鼠笼式弹性支承并联构成组合弹性支承—阻尼系统,既发挥了传统SFD的优点,又改善了油膜刚度高度非线性的不足。
本文对ERSFD系统的弹性支承刚度进行了分析,获得了弹性环刚度随结构参数变化的基本规律,并进行了试验验证;推导了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的Reynolds方程,建立了ERSFD的理论模型,编制了ERSFD油膜特性分析程序,分析了阻尼器的油膜力特性,获得了阻尼器油膜力特性随结构参数变化的基本规律;发展了组合弹性支承—阻尼—转子系统动力特性的分析方法,分析了带弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的转子—支承系统的动力特性,并进行了试验验证;通过试验,得到了轴向力、供油条件、结构参数以及不平衡量对组合弹性支承—阻尼系统动力特性的影响规律,研究了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器的减振机理,为航空发动机组合弹性支承—阻尼系统的工程设计提供了有价值的依据。
The most commonly recurring problems in the rotor system of aero-engines are excessive steady state synchronous vibration levels. It may be reduced by introducing external damping to limit the peak amplitude at traversed critical speeds. Squeeze film damper (SFD) is a type damper widely used in aero-engines. It offers the obvious advantages of dissipation of vibration energy, as well as small volume and high reliability. But some nonlinear phenomena are generated when larger unbalance act on SFD, for instance, bistable, lockup and asynchronous whirl. These nonlinear phenomena should lead to large vibration level, rub and fatigue, which limit the operating range of SFD.
This dissertation presents a new type damper, Combined Elastic Support-Damper (CESD). It is made of squirrel-cage spring and ERSFD (Elastic Ring + SFD), and can improve the nonlinear characteristics of film force, besides control vibration level.
In this dissertation, the stiffness characteristics of elastic supports are analyzed, and the influence factors on them are investigated. Using Reynolds equation, the analysis model of ERSFD is theorized, and analysis program is developed. The film force characteristics of ERSFD and influence factors on them are obtained. By theoretical and experimental investigation on the rotor-CESD system, the dynamic characteristics under the influence of axial force, oil supply, structural parameters and unbalance are obtained. Finally, the damping mechanism is obtained to guide design of CESD for aero-engines.
引文
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