福安水牛生产性能测定及肝片吸虫调查
|
摘要
本文首先对世界水牛的发展历史进行的调查,论述了世界水牛的发展历史和现状,从全球水牛的发展现状看我国奶水牛业的发展趋势,根据全国水牛的发展趋势,着重探讨了福安水牛的乳用特性,为福安水牛今后的发展提供了有效的理论基础,并针对福安水牛的特性提出改良意见,为福安水牛的杂交改良工作提供第一手资料。
本文通过实地调查和实地测量得出福安水牛的胸部发展(胸围指数为150-157%),骨骼粗壮(管围指数为17-19%),体高几乎等于体长(体长指数为104-107%)。福安水牛的存栏数是1858头,福安水牛牛群结构较以前老、弱、病、残数量减少,青壮年的水牛增多,群体更趋于年轻,体况健壮。福安水牛公牛的平均宰前体重为406.1kg,母牛377.3kg；公牛的屠宰率、净肉率分别是50.7%和39.8%,母牛为50.0%和41.3%,阉牛为61.5%和35.2%；公牛的骨肉比是4.94,母牛为5.29；公牛的眼肌面积是54.13cm2,母牛为49.18cm2。
本文还对福安水牛的繁殖情况进行了调查,通过调查可知福安水牛的生命周期在14岁左右,繁殖年限一般为7年左右,饲养管理好的,劳役轻的,繁殖年限可达10岁。通常4-7岁左右为繁殖高峰期,8岁以后逐渐下降。调查32头福安水牛的繁殖性能,福安水牛的初配期是30.25±3.61月(18-35月),初产期是40.84±3.53月(29-46月),产犊间隔是390.63±46.59天(290-480天),福安水牛的初配期和初产期比摩拉水牛还略早,产犊间隔与摩拉水牛接近,.说明福安水牛的繁殖性能较好,但福安水牛的主要繁殖问题是公母牛混群放牧,野交乱配容易造成近亲早配。
本文首次对福安水牛的9项血液生理生化指标进行测定,福安水牛的红细胞数平均值为5.35±4.02×1012/L,福安水牛母水牛的红细胞数平均值为5.04±4.02×1012/L；白细胞总数为10.56±3.49×109/L；白细胞总数为11.42±3.98×109/L,福安水牛的总蛋白含量为69.75±5.92g/L。
福安公水牛和母水牛的各项生理生化指标都非常相似,通过t检验,差异不显著(P<0.05)。这表明福安水牛的生理生化指标在性别上没有显著性差异,无论是公水牛和母水牛都可以采用其总体指标作为判定福安水牛健康与否的标准。
本文对福安水牛的乳用性能进行测定、研究,并针对水牛的泌乳特点提出了提高泌乳量的方法。从这次的泌乳调查来看,福安水牛泌乳期一般为5-10个月,平均226天,最短为151天,最长的达302天。在一个泌乳期内的泌乳量为372-632kg,平均泌乳期泌乳量为527.2kg,日平均泌乳量为2.34kg；与1980年的测定150-300天,平均210天的泌乳期相比,泌乳期长了十六天；泌乳量也较1980年有所增长,但是增加量不明显。
本文对福安水牛品种资源保护场的65头水牛进行肝片吸虫普查,并对普查结果进行分析。在福安水牛品种资源保护场调查的65头水牛,粪便检查发现15头水牛粪样中有肝片吸虫虫卵,阳性率为23.08%。感染水牛最小年龄为10个月,最大为6岁,阳性率随着年龄的增长而提高。母牛阳性率13.61%,公牛阳性率16.74%。感染水牛的EPG为5-40枚。
In this paper, the development history of the world's buffalo survey, this paper discusses the development history of the world's buffalo and current status, from the present situation of the development of the world's buffalo in China buffalo industry trends, according to the National Buffalo trends, focuses on the Fuan-the characteristics of buffalo for the future development of Fu'an buffalo, provides a theoretical basis for the effective and targeted Fuan, improve on the views of the characteristics of buffalo, in order to provide first-hand information for improving the work of Fu'an buffalo hybrids.
This article through field surveys and field measurements to obtaine Fu buffalo chest development (chest index for the 150-157%), bone-shaped thick (Tube Circuit index 17-19%), body height almost equal to body length (body length index for the 104-107%). Fuan buffalo herds number is 1858, Fuan buffalo herd structure are better than before in the old, weak, sick, disabled reduction in the number of buffalo, increase in young adults, the group tends to be more young, robust body condition. Fuan Buffalo Bulls, the average ante-mortem weight are 406.1kg, cows are 377.3kg; bull slaughter rate, net meat rates are 50.7% and 39.8%, cow are 50.0% and 41.3%, Steer are 61.5% and 35.2%;respectively. bull's bone to meat ratio is 4.94, cow is 5.29; Bulls area rib eye is 54.13cm2, cow is 49.18cm2.
This paper also conducted a survey to Fuan buffalo breeding, through the investigation we knowed the life cycle of Fuan buffalo was 14-year-old, breeding age usually 7 years or so, if feeding and management good, light labor, reproductive life up to 10 years old. Usually around the age of 4-7 for the breeding peak, the age of eight and then gradually decreased. Investigation 32 Fuan reproductive performance of buffalo, Fu'an buffalo initial distribution period is 30.25±3.61 (18-35), the early production period was 40.84±3.53 (29-46), calving interval was 390.63±46.59 (290-480) Fuan buffalo initial distribution phase and the beginning of birth is also slightly earlier than the Murrah buffalo, calving interval slightly longer than the Murrah buffalo, Fuan buffalo reproductive performance was good, but the main problem is Fuan buffalo cow mixed group of public grazing, wild cross easily lead to chaos with a close relative with early.
This paper for the first time in nine Fuan buffalo blood physiological and biochemical indicators measured the average number of red blood cells Fu'an buffaloes was 5.35±4.02×1012/L, average number of red blood cells was 5.04±4.02×1012/L, the total number of white blood was 11.42±3.98×109/L, the total protein content was 69.75±5.92g/ L.
In this paper, Fuan buffalo milk Characteristics were measured with the performance, study and put forward for the buffalo of the lactation characteristics of the method for improving lactation. The lactation from this survey, the Fuan buffalo lactation period is usually 5 to 10 months, an average of 226 days, a minimum of 151 days, the longest was 302 days. Lactation period of lactation in a volume of 372～632kg, the average lactation period of lactation of 527.2kg, the daily average volume of lactation 2.34kg; and the determination of 150-300 days in 1980, with an average lactation period of 210 days compared to lactation a long period of 16 days; lactation has been lower than growth in 1980, but the increment is not obvious.
本文通过实地调查和实地测量得出福安水牛的胸部发展(胸围指数为150-157%),骨骼粗壮(管围指数为17-19%),体高几乎等于体长(体长指数为104-107%)。福安水牛的存栏数是1858头,福安水牛牛群结构较以前老、弱、病、残数量减少,青壮年的水牛增多,群体更趋于年轻,体况健壮。福安水牛公牛的平均宰前体重为406.1kg,母牛377.3kg；公牛的屠宰率、净肉率分别是50.7%和39.8%,母牛为50.0%和41.3%,阉牛为61.5%和35.2%；公牛的骨肉比是4.94,母牛为5.29；公牛的眼肌面积是54.13cm2,母牛为49.18cm2。
本文还对福安水牛的繁殖情况进行了调查,通过调查可知福安水牛的生命周期在14岁左右,繁殖年限一般为7年左右,饲养管理好的,劳役轻的,繁殖年限可达10岁。通常4-7岁左右为繁殖高峰期,8岁以后逐渐下降。调查32头福安水牛的繁殖性能,福安水牛的初配期是30.25±3.61月(18-35月),初产期是40.84±3.53月(29-46月),产犊间隔是390.63±46.59天(290-480天),福安水牛的初配期和初产期比摩拉水牛还略早,产犊间隔与摩拉水牛接近,.说明福安水牛的繁殖性能较好,但福安水牛的主要繁殖问题是公母牛混群放牧,野交乱配容易造成近亲早配。
本文首次对福安水牛的9项血液生理生化指标进行测定,福安水牛的红细胞数平均值为5.35±4.02×1012/L,福安水牛母水牛的红细胞数平均值为5.04±4.02×1012/L；白细胞总数为10.56±3.49×109/L；白细胞总数为11.42±3.98×109/L,福安水牛的总蛋白含量为69.75±5.92g/L。
福安公水牛和母水牛的各项生理生化指标都非常相似,通过t检验,差异不显著(P<0.05)。这表明福安水牛的生理生化指标在性别上没有显著性差异,无论是公水牛和母水牛都可以采用其总体指标作为判定福安水牛健康与否的标准。
本文对福安水牛的乳用性能进行测定、研究,并针对水牛的泌乳特点提出了提高泌乳量的方法。从这次的泌乳调查来看,福安水牛泌乳期一般为5-10个月,平均226天,最短为151天,最长的达302天。在一个泌乳期内的泌乳量为372-632kg,平均泌乳期泌乳量为527.2kg,日平均泌乳量为2.34kg；与1980年的测定150-300天,平均210天的泌乳期相比,泌乳期长了十六天；泌乳量也较1980年有所增长,但是增加量不明显。
本文对福安水牛品种资源保护场的65头水牛进行肝片吸虫普查,并对普查结果进行分析。在福安水牛品种资源保护场调查的65头水牛,粪便检查发现15头水牛粪样中有肝片吸虫虫卵,阳性率为23.08%。感染水牛最小年龄为10个月,最大为6岁,阳性率随着年龄的增长而提高。母牛阳性率13.61%,公牛阳性率16.74%。感染水牛的EPG为5-40枚。
In this paper, the development history of the world's buffalo survey, this paper discusses the development history of the world's buffalo and current status, from the present situation of the development of the world's buffalo in China buffalo industry trends, according to the National Buffalo trends, focuses on the Fuan-the characteristics of buffalo for the future development of Fu'an buffalo, provides a theoretical basis for the effective and targeted Fuan, improve on the views of the characteristics of buffalo, in order to provide first-hand information for improving the work of Fu'an buffalo hybrids.
This article through field surveys and field measurements to obtaine Fu buffalo chest development (chest index for the 150-157%), bone-shaped thick (Tube Circuit index 17-19%), body height almost equal to body length (body length index for the 104-107%). Fuan buffalo herds number is 1858, Fuan buffalo herd structure are better than before in the old, weak, sick, disabled reduction in the number of buffalo, increase in young adults, the group tends to be more young, robust body condition. Fuan Buffalo Bulls, the average ante-mortem weight are 406.1kg, cows are 377.3kg; bull slaughter rate, net meat rates are 50.7% and 39.8%, cow are 50.0% and 41.3%, Steer are 61.5% and 35.2%;respectively. bull's bone to meat ratio is 4.94, cow is 5.29; Bulls area rib eye is 54.13cm2, cow is 49.18cm2.
This paper also conducted a survey to Fuan buffalo breeding, through the investigation we knowed the life cycle of Fuan buffalo was 14-year-old, breeding age usually 7 years or so, if feeding and management good, light labor, reproductive life up to 10 years old. Usually around the age of 4-7 for the breeding peak, the age of eight and then gradually decreased. Investigation 32 Fuan reproductive performance of buffalo, Fu'an buffalo initial distribution period is 30.25±3.61 (18-35), the early production period was 40.84±3.53 (29-46), calving interval was 390.63±46.59 (290-480) Fuan buffalo initial distribution phase and the beginning of birth is also slightly earlier than the Murrah buffalo, calving interval slightly longer than the Murrah buffalo, Fuan buffalo reproductive performance was good, but the main problem is Fuan buffalo cow mixed group of public grazing, wild cross easily lead to chaos with a close relative with early.
This paper for the first time in nine Fuan buffalo blood physiological and biochemical indicators measured the average number of red blood cells Fu'an buffaloes was 5.35±4.02×1012/L, average number of red blood cells was 5.04±4.02×1012/L, the total number of white blood was 11.42±3.98×109/L, the total protein content was 69.75±5.92g/ L.
In this paper, Fuan buffalo milk Characteristics were measured with the performance, study and put forward for the buffalo of the lactation characteristics of the method for improving lactation. The lactation from this survey, the Fuan buffalo lactation period is usually 5 to 10 months, an average of 226 days, a minimum of 151 days, the longest was 302 days. Lactation period of lactation in a volume of 372～632kg, the average lactation period of lactation of 527.2kg, the daily average volume of lactation 2.34kg; and the determination of 150-300 days in 1980, with an average lactation period of 210 days compared to lactation a long period of 16 days; lactation has been lower than growth in 1980, but the increment is not obvious.
引文
[1]常洪.家畜遗传资源学纲要[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1995,5：16-18.
[2]邹介止.水牛论[M].北京：中国农史(第四期).农业出版社,1983：153-168.
[3]SE Nahas SM,de hondt HA,Womack JE.Current Status of the River Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)Gene Map[J].The Journal of Heredity.2001.92(3):221-225.
[4]联合国粮农组织数据库(FAOSTAT):http://faostat fao org.
[5]杨炳壮.从世界水牛发展现状看我国奶水牛业的发展趋势.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：73-80.
[6]赵开典等.世界水牛奶业的开发动态及其对我们的启示.黄牛杂志,2004,30(5)：76-80.
[7]王喆,黄必志.奶牛业发展的思考.中国草食动物,2007,27(6)：54-56.
[8]谭小燕.广西水牛奶科技产业发展研究.硕士学位论文,2006：11.
[9]Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din等.巴基斯坦奶业发展现状及存在的问题.中国奶牛,2005(6)：56-58.
[10]李晓辉等.意大利的水牛奶业.河北畜牧兽医,2001,17(9)：39-40
[11]刘晓辉.菲律宾泰国发展水牛奶业的现状及经验.中国牧业通讯,2003：25-27
[12]水牛的饲育与保健.科学技术文献出版社重庆分社.1977
[13]童碧泉等.中国水牛资源调查.中国农业科学,1985(5)：63-69
[14]Rao.M.K Nagarcenkar.水牛的生产潜力.农业科技译丛,1979(1)：10
[15]钱燕文等.生物史(第五册).科学出版社,1979
[16]曹永新等.中国水牛业生产现状及产业化前景.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集,22-38
[17]张沅.家畜育种学[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2001：134-136.
[18]张沅.动物育种学各论[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,1996：39-87.
[19]黄海鹏.中国水牛科学技术发展回顾与展望[C].第五届亚洲水牛论文集：40-63.
[20]张瑞光等.福安水牛的科学研究历史的回顾.水牛研究及综合利用论文集.福建,2006：15-18
[1]陈伟生.畜禽遗传资源调查技术手册[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005.67-71.
[2]凌喜生等.福安水牛现状调查.福建畜牧兽医,2005(6)：9-10
[3]福建省“福安水牛”调查组.福安水牛.
[1]陈伟生.畜禽遗传资源调查技术手册[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005.67-71.
[2]王丕建.广西本地母水牛繁殖性能调查研究.广西畜牧兽医,1989(3)：17-20.
[3]福安县革委会农业局.关于福安水牛品种的调查报告.
[4]罗在仁,尹正发.提高德宏母水牛繁殖率的技术措施.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：152-154
[5]马永兴等.家畜不孕症诊疗技术.河南科技出版社,2000,16-58
[6]房永新,张家树.提高母牛繁殖率的技术措施.辽宁现代畜牧兽医.2006(1)：24-25
[7]黄文琼.提高水牛人工授精受胎率的技术要点及关键环节.江西畜牧兽医杂志.2008(5)：27-28
[1]白海涛.玉树耗牛12项血液生理生化指标的测定.青海畜牧兽医杂志.2009.39(1)：8-11.
[2]杨炳壮等.杂交水牛不同生长阶段主要血液生理生化值指标的测定.中国草食动物,2005,25(4)：23-25.
[3]奶牛疾病学.(美)威廉.C.雷布汉著.中国农业大学出版.1994.4
[4]南京农业大学主编.家畜生理学.中国农业出版社,2000：14-19.
[5]骆洪俊等.广西本地水牛、尼里牛、么拉牛及三元杂种生理常值的测定.广西畜牧兽医,1986(2)：31-32.
[6]李德富等.西林母水牛27项血液生理生化指标的测定.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：175-177.
[1]王祖昆.水牛泌乳特点与挤奶技术.广西畜牧兽医科技.2000,25(3)：9-12
[2]韩正康.水牛排乳发射过程中催产素与乳房内压的变化[J].南京农大学报,1993,16(1)：91-95
[3]陆水天.摩拉尼里及其它水牛杂交后代乳肉括约肌紧张度和乳房内压的观察[J].南京农大学报,1998.,25(4)：23-25
[4]路天水.水牛机器挤奶的初步研究[J].南京农大学报,1992,15(1)：97-102
[1]叶淑贤等.水牛肝片形吸虫病防治报告.福建畜牧兽医.2006,2：26-27
[2]顾有方等.江苏和安徽省水牛肝片吸虫感染情况调查分析.中国兽医科技,1998,28(10)：14-16
[2]邹介止.水牛论[M].北京：中国农史(第四期).农业出版社,1983：153-168.
[3]SE Nahas SM,de hondt HA,Womack JE.Current Status of the River Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)Gene Map[J].The Journal of Heredity.2001.92(3):221-225.
[4]联合国粮农组织数据库(FAOSTAT):http://faostat fao org.
[5]杨炳壮.从世界水牛发展现状看我国奶水牛业的发展趋势.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：73-80.
[6]赵开典等.世界水牛奶业的开发动态及其对我们的启示.黄牛杂志,2004,30(5)：76-80.
[7]王喆,黄必志.奶牛业发展的思考.中国草食动物,2007,27(6)：54-56.
[8]谭小燕.广西水牛奶科技产业发展研究.硕士学位论文,2006：11.
[9]Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din等.巴基斯坦奶业发展现状及存在的问题.中国奶牛,2005(6)：56-58.
[10]李晓辉等.意大利的水牛奶业.河北畜牧兽医,2001,17(9)：39-40
[11]刘晓辉.菲律宾泰国发展水牛奶业的现状及经验.中国牧业通讯,2003：25-27
[12]水牛的饲育与保健.科学技术文献出版社重庆分社.1977
[13]童碧泉等.中国水牛资源调查.中国农业科学,1985(5)：63-69
[14]Rao.M.K Nagarcenkar.水牛的生产潜力.农业科技译丛,1979(1)：10
[15]钱燕文等.生物史(第五册).科学出版社,1979
[16]曹永新等.中国水牛业生产现状及产业化前景.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集,22-38
[17]张沅.家畜育种学[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2001：134-136.
[18]张沅.动物育种学各论[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,1996：39-87.
[19]黄海鹏.中国水牛科学技术发展回顾与展望[C].第五届亚洲水牛论文集：40-63.
[20]张瑞光等.福安水牛的科学研究历史的回顾.水牛研究及综合利用论文集.福建,2006：15-18
[1]陈伟生.畜禽遗传资源调查技术手册[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005.67-71.
[2]凌喜生等.福安水牛现状调查.福建畜牧兽医,2005(6)：9-10
[3]福建省“福安水牛”调查组.福安水牛.
[1]陈伟生.畜禽遗传资源调查技术手册[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005.67-71.
[2]王丕建.广西本地母水牛繁殖性能调查研究.广西畜牧兽医,1989(3)：17-20.
[3]福安县革委会农业局.关于福安水牛品种的调查报告.
[4]罗在仁,尹正发.提高德宏母水牛繁殖率的技术措施.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：152-154
[5]马永兴等.家畜不孕症诊疗技术.河南科技出版社,2000,16-58
[6]房永新,张家树.提高母牛繁殖率的技术措施.辽宁现代畜牧兽医.2006(1)：24-25
[7]黄文琼.提高水牛人工授精受胎率的技术要点及关键环节.江西畜牧兽医杂志.2008(5)：27-28
[1]白海涛.玉树耗牛12项血液生理生化指标的测定.青海畜牧兽医杂志.2009.39(1)：8-11.
[2]杨炳壮等.杂交水牛不同生长阶段主要血液生理生化值指标的测定.中国草食动物,2005,25(4)：23-25.
[3]奶牛疾病学.(美)威廉.C.雷布汉著.中国农业大学出版.1994.4
[4]南京农业大学主编.家畜生理学.中国农业出版社,2000：14-19.
[5]骆洪俊等.广西本地水牛、尼里牛、么拉牛及三元杂种生理常值的测定.广西畜牧兽医,1986(2)：31-32.
[6]李德富等.西林母水牛27项血液生理生化指标的测定.第五届亚洲水牛大会论文集：175-177.
[1]王祖昆.水牛泌乳特点与挤奶技术.广西畜牧兽医科技.2000,25(3)：9-12
[2]韩正康.水牛排乳发射过程中催产素与乳房内压的变化[J].南京农大学报,1993,16(1)：91-95
[3]陆水天.摩拉尼里及其它水牛杂交后代乳肉括约肌紧张度和乳房内压的观察[J].南京农大学报,1998.,25(4)：23-25
[4]路天水.水牛机器挤奶的初步研究[J].南京农大学报,1992,15(1)：97-102
[1]叶淑贤等.水牛肝片形吸虫病防治报告.福建畜牧兽医.2006,2：26-27
[2]顾有方等.江苏和安徽省水牛肝片吸虫感染情况调查分析.中国兽医科技,1998,28(10)：14-16