单纵模激光器主动稳频控制系统研究
|
摘要
激光具有良好的单色性和相干性,因此,在精密计量、光通信、光频标、高分辨光谱学等领域中得到了广泛的应用。而激光输出频率受环境条件影响,往往是一个不稳定的、随时间变化的无规则的起伏量。要使激光频率稳定,则要通过稳频技术来解决。若采用恒温、防震、密封隔声等被动稳频措施,频率稳定性还不能满足系统要求,就需要主动稳频。主动稳频控制系统通过鉴频系统鉴别频偏,继而自动调节腔长,将激光频率回复到特定的标准频率上,从而达到稳频的目的。
本文概括了稳频技术的原理和方法。介绍了两种不同的稳频方案,确定了利用被动稳定的鉴频系统来自动稳定激光器频率的方案,介绍了PID控制算法,分析了PID参数对系统性能的影响。在此基础上,设计了稳频系统的控制方案。选定了稳频控制的硬件设备,并确定了系统的工作流程。之后,对控制系统进行理论分析,采用SIMULINK工具对稳频控制系统进行了仿真。
利用VC++ 6.0 IDE开发了一套应用软件。其功能包括位移控制、数据采集、开环扫描运行、闭环稳频控制等。软件中利用PID控制原理,设计了闭环控制算法。软件经过调试,能够可靠运行。
在实验方面,完成了一台用于进行稳频控制的单纵模YAG激光器搭建和调试。利用F-P标准具,完成了激光器输出单纵模的测试,实现了F-P共焦干涉仪的透射光的检测,搭建和调试了主动稳频控制系统,完成了稳频控制系统的初步实验研究。
Laser has many good characteristics such as monochromaticity and coherence. Therefore, it is widely used in accurate measurement, optical communication, optical frequency scale, and high-resolution spectroscopy. Affected by its surroundings, the laser frequency is usually a fluctuating signal as a variable of time. To stabilize the frequency, technology of frequency stabilization is needed. When the passive frequency stabilization we use, such as constant temperature, quakeproof, airproof and sound insulation, can not satisfy the demand of the system, the active frequency stabilization is required. The controlling system of active frequency stabilization gets the frequency deviation from the frequecy discrimination system and adjusts the length of resonant cavity to make the frequency revert to the standard frequency, so we can achieve stabilization of frequency.
In this paper, basic principles and technology of frequency stabilization have been generalized. Two plans on how to stabilize frequency have been introduced. The method of using passively stabilized frequecy discrimination system to stabilize the frequency has been chosen. PID controlling algorithm has been introduced and the influence of PID parameters on the system has been analyzed. On the base of that, the plan of frequency stabilization has been designed. The equipment of frequency stabilization has been chosen and workflow has been comfirmed. Then the controlling system has been theoretically analyzed and simulated with SIMULINK.
With VC++ 6.0 IDE, a software has been developed,whose fuctions include displacement control, data acquisition, operation of open loop scanning and operation of closed loop frequency stabilization. PID controlling algorithm is applied and controlling algorithm of closed loop is designed in the software. After having been debugged,the software can run reliably.
In the experiment, a single longitudinal mode laser and a Confocal Fabray-Perot cavity, which are both used for frequency stabilization, have been set up and configurated. The testing of the single longitudinal mode output of the laser has been completed using the F-P cavity.The laser beam penetrating the CFP is observed. System of active frequency stabilization has been built up and configurated. Elementary experiment research of control system has been finished.
本文概括了稳频技术的原理和方法。介绍了两种不同的稳频方案,确定了利用被动稳定的鉴频系统来自动稳定激光器频率的方案,介绍了PID控制算法,分析了PID参数对系统性能的影响。在此基础上,设计了稳频系统的控制方案。选定了稳频控制的硬件设备,并确定了系统的工作流程。之后,对控制系统进行理论分析,采用SIMULINK工具对稳频控制系统进行了仿真。
利用VC++ 6.0 IDE开发了一套应用软件。其功能包括位移控制、数据采集、开环扫描运行、闭环稳频控制等。软件中利用PID控制原理,设计了闭环控制算法。软件经过调试,能够可靠运行。
在实验方面,完成了一台用于进行稳频控制的单纵模YAG激光器搭建和调试。利用F-P标准具,完成了激光器输出单纵模的测试,实现了F-P共焦干涉仪的透射光的检测,搭建和调试了主动稳频控制系统,完成了稳频控制系统的初步实验研究。
Laser has many good characteristics such as monochromaticity and coherence. Therefore, it is widely used in accurate measurement, optical communication, optical frequency scale, and high-resolution spectroscopy. Affected by its surroundings, the laser frequency is usually a fluctuating signal as a variable of time. To stabilize the frequency, technology of frequency stabilization is needed. When the passive frequency stabilization we use, such as constant temperature, quakeproof, airproof and sound insulation, can not satisfy the demand of the system, the active frequency stabilization is required. The controlling system of active frequency stabilization gets the frequency deviation from the frequecy discrimination system and adjusts the length of resonant cavity to make the frequency revert to the standard frequency, so we can achieve stabilization of frequency.
In this paper, basic principles and technology of frequency stabilization have been generalized. Two plans on how to stabilize frequency have been introduced. The method of using passively stabilized frequecy discrimination system to stabilize the frequency has been chosen. PID controlling algorithm has been introduced and the influence of PID parameters on the system has been analyzed. On the base of that, the plan of frequency stabilization has been designed. The equipment of frequency stabilization has been chosen and workflow has been comfirmed. Then the controlling system has been theoretically analyzed and simulated with SIMULINK.
With VC++ 6.0 IDE, a software has been developed,whose fuctions include displacement control, data acquisition, operation of open loop scanning and operation of closed loop frequency stabilization. PID controlling algorithm is applied and controlling algorithm of closed loop is designed in the software. After having been debugged,the software can run reliably.
In the experiment, a single longitudinal mode laser and a Confocal Fabray-Perot cavity, which are both used for frequency stabilization, have been set up and configurated. The testing of the single longitudinal mode output of the laser has been completed using the F-P cavity.The laser beam penetrating the CFP is observed. System of active frequency stabilization has been built up and configurated. Elementary experiment research of control system has been finished.
引文
1 Jay A.Fox, Cynthia R.Practical Considerations for the design of CO2 Lidar Systems. Applied Optics. 1988,27(5):847~855
2 C.B.Carlisle,J.E.Laan,L.W.Carr,P.Adam and J.P.Chiaroni. CO2 Laser-Base Differential Absorption Lidar System for Range-Resolved and Long-Range Detection of Chemical Vapor Plumes. Applied OptiCs. 1995,34(27):6187~6200
3耿玉珍.激光探测污染物.光电子技术与信息. 1998,11(3):38~40
4 Y.Z.Zhao.Line-Pair Selections for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Ammonia by Use of A Coherent CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar System. Applied OptiCs. 2000,39(6):997~1007
5 A.I.Karapuzikov, I.V.Ptashnik, I.V.Sherstov, O.A.Romanovskii, G.G.Matvienko and Yu.N.Ponomarev. Modeling of Helicopter-Borne Tunalbe TEA CO2DIAL System Employment for Detection of Methane and Ammonia Leakages. Infrared PhysiCs &Technology. 2000,41(2):87~96
6 V.Wulfmeyer and J.Bosenberg. Ground-Based Differential Absorption Lidar for Water-Vapour Profiling: Assessment of Accuracy,Resolution,and Meteorological Applications. Appt.Opt. 1998,37(17):3825~3844
7 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. High-Pressure Single-Mode CO2 Laser with Picosecond Plasma Shutter. Optical Engineering.1995,34(7): 2000~2016
8 K.Deka, M.A.Rob and J.R.Izatt. Mode Control and High Energy Operation of a Multiatmosphere TE CO2 Laser Using a Three-Mirror Resonator. Optics Communications. 1986,57(2):111~116
9 B.K.Deka and Wensen Zhu. Improver Performance of a Near Grazing Incidence Grating Continuously Tunable CO2 Laser. Applied Optics. 1986, 25(23):4218~4221
10 Mohammad A.Rob and Jerald R.Izatt. Intermodal Tuning Behavior of an Etalon-Tuned Three-Mirror TEA CO2 Laser. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1992, 28(1):56~59
11 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. The First Optical-Free-Induction-Decay System with a Tunable Single-Mode High-Pressure CO2 Laser. InfraredPhys. Technol.1994,35(1): 67~71
12 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. High-Pressure Single-Mode CO2 Laser with Picosecond Plasma Shutter. Optical Engineering.1995,34(7): 2000~2016
13 Yoshiaki TSUNAWAKI, Takao UJIKE. TEA CO2 Laser Oscillation by Using a Fox-Smith Mode Selector with a Fabry-Perot Etalon.レーザーオリジナル. 1995,23(8):684~689
14 Mitsuhiro KUSABA, Masanobu YAMANAKA. Single Mode Oscillation and Pulse Width Control of TEA CO2 Laser.日本红外线学会, 1998,8(1):45~52
15过巳吉,詹玉书,王立军.注入锁定TEA CO2激光器激光脉冲特性分析.光学报, 1995,24(4):331~335
16罗锡章,郑兴世,林贻.可选纵模的TEA CO2激光器.中山大学学报(自然科学版). 1997,36(5):106~108
17 B. G. Lindsay K. A. Smith F. B. Dunning. Control of Long Term Output Frequency Drift in Commercial Dye Lasers. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1991,62(6):1656～1657
18 E.Riedle, S.H.Ashworth, J.T. Jr.Farrell, D.J.Nesbitt. Stabilization and Precise Calibration of a Continuous-wave Difference Frequency Spectrometer by Use of a Simple Transfer Cavity. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1994,65 (1):42~48
19 Jong-WoonChoi,Young-Boong Juang. Frequency Stabilization of RF Excited CO2 Lasers. SPIE.2003,3729:308~311
20 F.Chang, H.Y.Lee, M.S.Huang, S.C.Wang. Frequency Stabilization of GaN Blue Diode Laser. Conference Proceedings-Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS. 2001,2:691~692
21 A .Rossi, V.Biancalana, B.Mai, L.Tomassetti. Long Term Drift Laser Frequency Stabilization Using Purely Optical Reference. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2002 ,73 (7):2544~2548
22 F.Chang, H.Y.Lee, M.S.Huang. Frequency Stabilizations of GaN Blue Diode Laser. Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS. 2001,2:691~692
23 Che-Chung Chou, Tsyson Lin, Po-Chiang Huang, Meng-Hung Chien. Modulation-Free Laser Frequency Stabilization to Molecular Absorption Using Single Acoustooptic Frequency Shifter. IEEE Photonics Letters.2004,16(8):1948~1950
24 Y.Ohtaa, S.Maehara, K.Hasebe, Y.Kurosaki, M.Ohkawab. Frequency stabilization of a semiconductor laser using the Rb saturated absorption spectroscopy. Proc.of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2004,6115:1~10
25 Gianluca Galzerano, Paolo Laporta. Frequency Stabilization of Diode Lasers Around 0.94μm. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2007,56(2): 365~368
26王建成.用单片机实现频率控制.山西电子技术. 2003, (3):19~21,49
27 Zhao Fagang, Pan Qing, Peng Kunchi. Improving Frequency Stability of Laser by Means of Temperature-controlled Fabry-Perot Cavity. Chinese Optics Letters. 2004,2(6):334~336
28丁洪胜,童莉葛,白世武.激光超声检测共焦球面法布里-珀罗干涉仪.北京科技大学学报. 2005,27(3):338~341
29杜志静,张玉驰,王晓勇等.不同波长的激光器通过法布里珀罗腔相对于铯原子谱线的锁定.光学学报. 2006,26(3):452~457
30杨海菁,王彦华,张天才等.基于共焦法布里-珀罗腔的无调制激光频率锁定.中国激光. 2006,33(3):316~320
31孙洁.激光稳频技术概述.丹东纺专学报, 2000,7(1): 7~9
32荣烈润.微位移机构综述.机电一体化. 2005, (2):6~11
33 Charles.R.Quick, Jr.Charles B.Fite, Bernard R.Foy. Development of Frequency-Agile High-Repetition-Rate CO2 DIAL Systems for Long Range Chemical Remote Sensing. Proceeding of SPIE. 1997,3127:192-200
34 Tamer F.Refaat, M.Nurul Abedin, Grady J.Koch, Syed Ismail, Upendra N. Singh. Infrared Detectors Characterization for CO2 DIAL Measurement. Proceeding of SPIE. 2003,5154:65~73
35陈永新,柯尊忠,陈琪云.精密校直机位置伺服系统的研究.机床与液压. 2003,(2):46~48
36王钊,陈真.基于Simulink的PID控制器设计.实验技术与管理. 2007,24(5):70~72
37刘瑞新,曹建春. Visual C++面向对象程序设计教程.机械工业出版社. 2004:120~129
38饶万成. DLL在VC++编程中的应用.黑龙江科技信息, 2007, (10): 82~87
39刘杰,廖卫华. VC++环境下DLL编程技术及应用.计算机与现代化, 2004 (6): 47~48
40王星,蔡廷文.基于VC++的数据采集系统.机械. 2006, (11):41~43
41刘健. TEACO2激光器快速调谐控制系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2005: 31~35
42 Ken’ichi Nakagawa,Yukitaka Shimizu, Motoichi Ohtsu. High Power Diode- Laser-Pumped Twisted-Mode Nd:YAG Laser. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1994,6(4):499~501
43 S. Taccheo, P. Laporta, S. Longhi, C. Svelto. Frequency-Stabilized Diode- Pumped Nd: YAG Laser of High Power. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1995,7(9):989~991
44 T. Y. Fan, J. Ochoa. Tunable Single-Frequency Yb:YAG Laser with 1W Output Power Using Twisted-Mode Technique. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1995,7(10):1137~1138
45 D.I. Chang, M.J. Guy, S.V. Chernikov, J.R. Taylor, H.J. Kong. Single-frequency erbium fibre laser using the twisted-mode technique. 1996,32(19):1786~1787
2 C.B.Carlisle,J.E.Laan,L.W.Carr,P.Adam and J.P.Chiaroni. CO2 Laser-Base Differential Absorption Lidar System for Range-Resolved and Long-Range Detection of Chemical Vapor Plumes. Applied OptiCs. 1995,34(27):6187~6200
3耿玉珍.激光探测污染物.光电子技术与信息. 1998,11(3):38~40
4 Y.Z.Zhao.Line-Pair Selections for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Ammonia by Use of A Coherent CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar System. Applied OptiCs. 2000,39(6):997~1007
5 A.I.Karapuzikov, I.V.Ptashnik, I.V.Sherstov, O.A.Romanovskii, G.G.Matvienko and Yu.N.Ponomarev. Modeling of Helicopter-Borne Tunalbe TEA CO2DIAL System Employment for Detection of Methane and Ammonia Leakages. Infrared PhysiCs &Technology. 2000,41(2):87~96
6 V.Wulfmeyer and J.Bosenberg. Ground-Based Differential Absorption Lidar for Water-Vapour Profiling: Assessment of Accuracy,Resolution,and Meteorological Applications. Appt.Opt. 1998,37(17):3825~3844
7 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. High-Pressure Single-Mode CO2 Laser with Picosecond Plasma Shutter. Optical Engineering.1995,34(7): 2000~2016
8 K.Deka, M.A.Rob and J.R.Izatt. Mode Control and High Energy Operation of a Multiatmosphere TE CO2 Laser Using a Three-Mirror Resonator. Optics Communications. 1986,57(2):111~116
9 B.K.Deka and Wensen Zhu. Improver Performance of a Near Grazing Incidence Grating Continuously Tunable CO2 Laser. Applied Optics. 1986, 25(23):4218~4221
10 Mohammad A.Rob and Jerald R.Izatt. Intermodal Tuning Behavior of an Etalon-Tuned Three-Mirror TEA CO2 Laser. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1992, 28(1):56~59
11 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. The First Optical-Free-Induction-Decay System with a Tunable Single-Mode High-Pressure CO2 Laser. InfraredPhys. Technol.1994,35(1): 67~71
12 J.Knittel, D.P.Scherrer and F.K.Kneubuhl. High-Pressure Single-Mode CO2 Laser with Picosecond Plasma Shutter. Optical Engineering.1995,34(7): 2000~2016
13 Yoshiaki TSUNAWAKI, Takao UJIKE. TEA CO2 Laser Oscillation by Using a Fox-Smith Mode Selector with a Fabry-Perot Etalon.レーザーオリジナル. 1995,23(8):684~689
14 Mitsuhiro KUSABA, Masanobu YAMANAKA. Single Mode Oscillation and Pulse Width Control of TEA CO2 Laser.日本红外线学会, 1998,8(1):45~52
15过巳吉,詹玉书,王立军.注入锁定TEA CO2激光器激光脉冲特性分析.光学报, 1995,24(4):331~335
16罗锡章,郑兴世,林贻.可选纵模的TEA CO2激光器.中山大学学报(自然科学版). 1997,36(5):106~108
17 B. G. Lindsay K. A. Smith F. B. Dunning. Control of Long Term Output Frequency Drift in Commercial Dye Lasers. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1991,62(6):1656～1657
18 E.Riedle, S.H.Ashworth, J.T. Jr.Farrell, D.J.Nesbitt. Stabilization and Precise Calibration of a Continuous-wave Difference Frequency Spectrometer by Use of a Simple Transfer Cavity. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1994,65 (1):42~48
19 Jong-WoonChoi,Young-Boong Juang. Frequency Stabilization of RF Excited CO2 Lasers. SPIE.2003,3729:308~311
20 F.Chang, H.Y.Lee, M.S.Huang, S.C.Wang. Frequency Stabilization of GaN Blue Diode Laser. Conference Proceedings-Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS. 2001,2:691~692
21 A .Rossi, V.Biancalana, B.Mai, L.Tomassetti. Long Term Drift Laser Frequency Stabilization Using Purely Optical Reference. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2002 ,73 (7):2544~2548
22 F.Chang, H.Y.Lee, M.S.Huang. Frequency Stabilizations of GaN Blue Diode Laser. Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS. 2001,2:691~692
23 Che-Chung Chou, Tsyson Lin, Po-Chiang Huang, Meng-Hung Chien. Modulation-Free Laser Frequency Stabilization to Molecular Absorption Using Single Acoustooptic Frequency Shifter. IEEE Photonics Letters.2004,16(8):1948~1950
24 Y.Ohtaa, S.Maehara, K.Hasebe, Y.Kurosaki, M.Ohkawab. Frequency stabilization of a semiconductor laser using the Rb saturated absorption spectroscopy. Proc.of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2004,6115:1~10
25 Gianluca Galzerano, Paolo Laporta. Frequency Stabilization of Diode Lasers Around 0.94μm. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2007,56(2): 365~368
26王建成.用单片机实现频率控制.山西电子技术. 2003, (3):19~21,49
27 Zhao Fagang, Pan Qing, Peng Kunchi. Improving Frequency Stability of Laser by Means of Temperature-controlled Fabry-Perot Cavity. Chinese Optics Letters. 2004,2(6):334~336
28丁洪胜,童莉葛,白世武.激光超声检测共焦球面法布里-珀罗干涉仪.北京科技大学学报. 2005,27(3):338~341
29杜志静,张玉驰,王晓勇等.不同波长的激光器通过法布里珀罗腔相对于铯原子谱线的锁定.光学学报. 2006,26(3):452~457
30杨海菁,王彦华,张天才等.基于共焦法布里-珀罗腔的无调制激光频率锁定.中国激光. 2006,33(3):316~320
31孙洁.激光稳频技术概述.丹东纺专学报, 2000,7(1): 7~9
32荣烈润.微位移机构综述.机电一体化. 2005, (2):6~11
33 Charles.R.Quick, Jr.Charles B.Fite, Bernard R.Foy. Development of Frequency-Agile High-Repetition-Rate CO2 DIAL Systems for Long Range Chemical Remote Sensing. Proceeding of SPIE. 1997,3127:192-200
34 Tamer F.Refaat, M.Nurul Abedin, Grady J.Koch, Syed Ismail, Upendra N. Singh. Infrared Detectors Characterization for CO2 DIAL Measurement. Proceeding of SPIE. 2003,5154:65~73
35陈永新,柯尊忠,陈琪云.精密校直机位置伺服系统的研究.机床与液压. 2003,(2):46~48
36王钊,陈真.基于Simulink的PID控制器设计.实验技术与管理. 2007,24(5):70~72
37刘瑞新,曹建春. Visual C++面向对象程序设计教程.机械工业出版社. 2004:120~129
38饶万成. DLL在VC++编程中的应用.黑龙江科技信息, 2007, (10): 82~87
39刘杰,廖卫华. VC++环境下DLL编程技术及应用.计算机与现代化, 2004 (6): 47~48
40王星,蔡廷文.基于VC++的数据采集系统.机械. 2006, (11):41~43
41刘健. TEACO2激光器快速调谐控制系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2005: 31~35
42 Ken’ichi Nakagawa,Yukitaka Shimizu, Motoichi Ohtsu. High Power Diode- Laser-Pumped Twisted-Mode Nd:YAG Laser. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1994,6(4):499~501
43 S. Taccheo, P. Laporta, S. Longhi, C. Svelto. Frequency-Stabilized Diode- Pumped Nd: YAG Laser of High Power. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1995,7(9):989~991
44 T. Y. Fan, J. Ochoa. Tunable Single-Frequency Yb:YAG Laser with 1W Output Power Using Twisted-Mode Technique. IEEE Photonics Tedhnology Letters. 1995,7(10):1137~1138
45 D.I. Chang, M.J. Guy, S.V. Chernikov, J.R. Taylor, H.J. Kong. Single-frequency erbium fibre laser using the twisted-mode technique. 1996,32(19):1786~1787