基于过耦合器的掺铒光纤激光器
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摘要
光纤激光器以其高功率、低噪声、波长可调谐范围大、与普通光纤的兼容性好、耦合效率高、抗电磁干扰、光纤结构具有较高表面积-体积比、稳定性、实用性等优点,可作为未来高速率、大容量光纤通信系统的关键器件,同时在高精度光谱分析、光纤传感、激光医疗、汽车制造和军事等多个领域中也发挥着越来越重要的作用。
首先,综述了光纤激光器的概况,并详细地介绍了掺铒光纤激光器的组成部分,即掺铒光纤、谐振腔、泵浦激光器的工作原理和特性,以及掺铒光纤激光器实验所用的主要光电器件,包括偏振控制器、高双折射光纤环、光纤隔离器和环形器。
本文提出了一种基于过耦合器的可变波长的光纤激光器。通过对光纤耦合器进行优化,使耦合器的耦合比随波长变化,这种耦合器与偏振控制器构成的光纤环形镜,可以通过调节偏振控制器的状态从而改变光纤环的反射率,然后与高双折射光纤环组成线性谐振腔,调节光纤环内偏振控制器可以改变环对不同波长的反射率,控制谐振腔内的增益从而输出可变波长的激光,实验得到输出波长在1564nm-1592nm范围内,波长调谐范围为28nm,3dB线宽小于0.2nm,边模抑制比(SMSR)大于40dB的稳定激光输出；设计了一种多波长可开关的光纤激光器,采用级联的光纤光栅作为滤波器,在腔内加入偏振控制器和起偏器,通过调整腔内的偏振控制器,改变反射波长的偏振态从而获得可变波长输出；而过耦合器构成的光纤环的反射或透射谱可以通过改变偏振控制器的状态,补偿EDFA的不平坦性,实验研究表明,利用过耦合器实现了L波段范围内的平坦,输出平坦度<±0.6dB。
The fiber laser is the key device in high-speed, large-capacity optical fiber communication systems due to its high power, low noise, tunable range, good compatibility with the common fiber, high coupling efficiency, resistance to electromagnetic interference, high surface area-volume ratio, stability, usability etc, played an increasingly important role in high-precision spectroscopy, fiber sensor, laser medical, automotive, military etc as well.
Firstly, the background and components (erbium-doped fiber, resonator, pump laser) of the erbium-doped fiber laser are introduced, then we describe main optoelectronic devices including polarization controller, high birefringence fiber loop, fiber isolator and circulator.
The variable wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on over-coupler is proposed. By optimizing the fiber coupler, coupling ratio of coupler is sensitive to wavelength, a novel fiber loop mirror which is composed of polarization controller (PC) and an over-coupler are investigated. The notch depths and positions of loops' reflection spectrum can be changed by adjusting the PC in the loops. The linear cavity of the L-band variable wavelength fiber laser consists of high-birefringence fiber loop and the over-coupler fiber loop. The reflectivity of various wavelengths and the laser gain are controlled by changing the states of the polarization controllers in the cavity. In the experiment the stable output of wavelength can be changed from 1564nm to 1592nm, over 28nm tuning range, within this range the 3dB line-width is less than 0.2nm and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is more than 40dB; A simple concept of switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is successfully proposed and demonstrated. The multi-wavelengths are specified by a cascaded fiber Bragg gratings. The wavelength switching can be achieved due to the polarization dependence loss induced by proper adjustment of polarization controller in ring cavity; The notch depths and positions of the reflection or transmission spectrum of fiber loop mirror that matches the gain spectrum of EDFA can be changed by adjusting the PC in the loop. The experimental results show that the spectrum can be flattened in the L-band range with ripples within±0.6dB.
首先,综述了光纤激光器的概况,并详细地介绍了掺铒光纤激光器的组成部分,即掺铒光纤、谐振腔、泵浦激光器的工作原理和特性,以及掺铒光纤激光器实验所用的主要光电器件,包括偏振控制器、高双折射光纤环、光纤隔离器和环形器。
本文提出了一种基于过耦合器的可变波长的光纤激光器。通过对光纤耦合器进行优化,使耦合器的耦合比随波长变化,这种耦合器与偏振控制器构成的光纤环形镜,可以通过调节偏振控制器的状态从而改变光纤环的反射率,然后与高双折射光纤环组成线性谐振腔,调节光纤环内偏振控制器可以改变环对不同波长的反射率,控制谐振腔内的增益从而输出可变波长的激光,实验得到输出波长在1564nm-1592nm范围内,波长调谐范围为28nm,3dB线宽小于0.2nm,边模抑制比(SMSR)大于40dB的稳定激光输出；设计了一种多波长可开关的光纤激光器,采用级联的光纤光栅作为滤波器,在腔内加入偏振控制器和起偏器,通过调整腔内的偏振控制器,改变反射波长的偏振态从而获得可变波长输出；而过耦合器构成的光纤环的反射或透射谱可以通过改变偏振控制器的状态,补偿EDFA的不平坦性,实验研究表明,利用过耦合器实现了L波段范围内的平坦,输出平坦度<±0.6dB。
The fiber laser is the key device in high-speed, large-capacity optical fiber communication systems due to its high power, low noise, tunable range, good compatibility with the common fiber, high coupling efficiency, resistance to electromagnetic interference, high surface area-volume ratio, stability, usability etc, played an increasingly important role in high-precision spectroscopy, fiber sensor, laser medical, automotive, military etc as well.
Firstly, the background and components (erbium-doped fiber, resonator, pump laser) of the erbium-doped fiber laser are introduced, then we describe main optoelectronic devices including polarization controller, high birefringence fiber loop, fiber isolator and circulator.
The variable wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on over-coupler is proposed. By optimizing the fiber coupler, coupling ratio of coupler is sensitive to wavelength, a novel fiber loop mirror which is composed of polarization controller (PC) and an over-coupler are investigated. The notch depths and positions of loops' reflection spectrum can be changed by adjusting the PC in the loops. The linear cavity of the L-band variable wavelength fiber laser consists of high-birefringence fiber loop and the over-coupler fiber loop. The reflectivity of various wavelengths and the laser gain are controlled by changing the states of the polarization controllers in the cavity. In the experiment the stable output of wavelength can be changed from 1564nm to 1592nm, over 28nm tuning range, within this range the 3dB line-width is less than 0.2nm and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is more than 40dB; A simple concept of switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is successfully proposed and demonstrated. The multi-wavelengths are specified by a cascaded fiber Bragg gratings. The wavelength switching can be achieved due to the polarization dependence loss induced by proper adjustment of polarization controller in ring cavity; The notch depths and positions of the reflection or transmission spectrum of fiber loop mirror that matches the gain spectrum of EDFA can be changed by adjusting the PC in the loop. The experimental results show that the spectrum can be flattened in the L-band range with ripples within±0.6dB.
引文
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[2]M. Ajiya, M.A. Mahdi, M. H. Al-Mansoori, et al. Seamless tuning range based on available gain bandwidth in multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser[J]. Optics Express,2009,17 (8):5944-5952
[3]张祖兴,戴国星,况庆强等.基于受激布里渊散射的波长间隔可变多波长光纤激光器[J].光子学报,2010,39(5)：815-819
[4]周亚训,陈芬杨,高波.掺铒碲酸盐玻璃基上转换光纤激光器的理论研究[J].中国激光,2009,36(7)：1894-1898
[5]李晓莉.基于光纤光栅调谐的掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究[D].西安：西北大学,2009
[6]楼祺洪,朱健强,周军等.双包层光纤激光器及其在军事中的应用[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2003,14(5)：28-32
[7]江修娥.532nm弱激光照射兔血红细胞溶血效应研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2009
[8]刘颖刚.光纤光栅传感系统光源研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007
[9]赵娜,李小妍,刘继红.偏振控制器的研究进展[J].西安邮电学院学报,13(3)：13-16
[10]潘英俊,古渊,黄尚廉.光纤偏振器的原理、结构及特点分析[J].半导体光电,1994,15(3)：237-243
[11]姚毅,施昆,路伟东等.在线单模光纤偏振控制器研究[J].光学学报,1995,15(5)：636-640
[12]冯彩霞.基于高双折射光纤Sagnac环的可调谐梳状滤波器研究[D].北京：北京理工大学,2009
[13]方伟.基于高双折射光纤环镜的波长交错器研究[D].天津：天津理工大学,2006
[14]李丽.掺铒光纤光源及其光谱平坦技术的研究[D].西安：西安石油大学,2010
[15]江毅.高级光纤传感技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2009：15-50
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