浮力摆式波浪能发电装置仿真与实验研究
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摘要
能源和环境是当今社会的两大热门问题,波浪能作为储量丰富的可再生绿色能源是可再生能源领域的研究热点。随着波浪能发电愈来愈被重视,世界各国提出了许多波浪发电的新设想和新技术,至今大约有340余种不同的方案,发明专利超过千项。摆式波浪能发电装置作为波浪能发电装置的一种,其商用价值在不断深入研究的过程中逐渐被体现出来。本文主要是关于浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的仿真与实验研究。从理论计算、仿真研究和厂房实验等三个方面对浮力摆式波浪能发电装置进行研究。其中理论计算为浮力摆和液压系统的设计提供了理论依据,同时提供了对装置工作地点选址的参考。仿真实验主要利用AMEsim仿真软件研究模拟波浪力作用下装置的功率稳定性,同时验证了数字式组合缸方案的可行性。厂房实验中,利用推动液压缸模拟波浪力,研究装置的功率稳定性,与仿真实验对比分析。论文各章内容分别简述如下：第一章论述了课题的研究背景、波浪能发电装置的国内外研究现状,提出了课题的选题意义及研究内容。第二章具体论述了浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的组成和基本原理,分析了在装置的研究过程中的关键技术。第三章首先以微幅波理论,对浮力摆固定在中位不动时的波浪力幅值进行计算分析。然后推导了浮力摆运动情况下装置的一次能量捕获效率,并分析了其与水深、浮力摆的机械阻尼等的关系。第四章基于前章的理论基础,对液压系统进行了设计和元件选型。利用AMEsim对模拟波浪力作用下液压系统的各项性能进行了仿真研究。同时。针对波浪能发电装置的特殊性,提出了一种数字式组合液压缸的设计方案,并对其在液压系统中的工作情况进行仿真,验证方案的可行性。第五章对浮力摆式波浪能发电装置5kW样机进行厂房实验,研究浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的在模拟波浪力作用下的功率性能,以及变量马达对装置的发电功率的影响。第六章总结论文的主要研究内容,并提出了对以后工作的展望。
Energy and environment have always been the two main issues of the world today, as the abundant renewable green energy, wave energy has become a hotspot in the area of renewable energy. So far, more than 340 Wave Energy Converter (WEC) programs have been proposed around the world. As one kind of Wave Energy Converters, the Pendulum Wave Energy Converter has its commercial value.This paper is mostly about experimentation of wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. The main research is about three aspects, theoretical calculation, simulation and plant experiments. The theoretical calculation provides a theoretical basis for the design of the inverse pendulum and hydraulic system, while providing a reference for the working place of the device. The simulation studies research on the power stability of the device under wave force by AMEsim, and verify the feasibility of a digital combined cylinder. In the plant experiments, use the hydraulic cylinder to simulate wave force, study the power stability of device, and compare with the result of simulation.The main research content of this paper is as follow:In chapter 1, discusses the research background of the subject and research situation of the wave power converter, then presents meaning and content of the subject.In chapter 2, discusses the composition and the basic principles of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, presents the key technologies in the research. In chapter 3, based on Airy wave theory, calculates and analyses the wave force when the inverse pendulum fixed in the middle position. Then derive the capture energy efficiency of the inverse pendulum, and analyses the relationship of the depth of sea and the mechanical impedance of inverse pendulum.In chapter 4, based on the theoretical basis of the previous chapters, design the hydraulic system and select the components. Simulate the performance of the hydraulic system under simulated wave force by AMEsim. At the same time, for the special nature of wave energy converter, we propose a design of digital combined hydraulic cylinder, simulate when it works in the hydraulic system, and verify the feasibility.In chapter 5, plant experiments of the 5kW wave energy converter of inverse pendulum have been done to research the power stability of the device.In chapter 6, the main researches of the paper are summarized, and the outlook for future work is made.
Energy and environment have always been the two main issues of the world today, as the abundant renewable green energy, wave energy has become a hotspot in the area of renewable energy. So far, more than 340 Wave Energy Converter (WEC) programs have been proposed around the world. As one kind of Wave Energy Converters, the Pendulum Wave Energy Converter has its commercial value.This paper is mostly about experimentation of wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. The main research is about three aspects, theoretical calculation, simulation and plant experiments. The theoretical calculation provides a theoretical basis for the design of the inverse pendulum and hydraulic system, while providing a reference for the working place of the device. The simulation studies research on the power stability of the device under wave force by AMEsim, and verify the feasibility of a digital combined cylinder. In the plant experiments, use the hydraulic cylinder to simulate wave force, study the power stability of device, and compare with the result of simulation.The main research content of this paper is as follow:In chapter 1, discusses the research background of the subject and research situation of the wave power converter, then presents meaning and content of the subject.In chapter 2, discusses the composition and the basic principles of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, presents the key technologies in the research. In chapter 3, based on Airy wave theory, calculates and analyses the wave force when the inverse pendulum fixed in the middle position. Then derive the capture energy efficiency of the inverse pendulum, and analyses the relationship of the depth of sea and the mechanical impedance of inverse pendulum.In chapter 4, based on the theoretical basis of the previous chapters, design the hydraulic system and select the components. Simulate the performance of the hydraulic system under simulated wave force by AMEsim. At the same time, for the special nature of wave energy converter, we propose a design of digital combined hydraulic cylinder, simulate when it works in the hydraulic system, and verify the feasibility.In chapter 5, plant experiments of the 5kW wave energy converter of inverse pendulum have been done to research the power stability of the device.In chapter 6, the main researches of the paper are summarized, and the outlook for future work is made.
引文
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[5]孙湘平,姚静娴.中国沿岸海洋水文气象概况[M].北京：科学出版社,1981.
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[7] A. Brito-Meto and G. Bhuyan. IEA-OES Annual Report 2009. the Executive Committee of the IEA-OES[C].2009.
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[9]中国经济信息.2009中国行业年度报告系列之可再生能源发电[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2009：115-116.
[10]肖惠民,于波,蔡维由.世界海洋波浪能发电技术的发展现状与前景[J].水电与新能源,2011(1)：67-69.
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[14] B(?)nke K, Ambli N. Prototype wave power stations in Norway. Proceedings of International Symposium on Utilization of Ocean Waves—Wave to Energy Conversion [C].1996.
[15] Ohneda H, Igarashi S, Shinbo 0, Sekihara S, Suzuki K, Kubota H, et al. Construction procedure of a wave power extracting caisson breakwater. Tokyo:Proceedings of 3rd Symposium on Ocean Energy Utilization[C].1991
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Program[J]. Current SCI.1991; 60:676-80.
[17] Falca~o AF de 0. The shoreline OWC wave power plant at the Azores. Proceedings of 4th European Wave Energy Conference[C].2000.
[18] Heath T, Whittaker TJT, Boake CB. The design, construction and operation of the LIMPET wave energy converter (Islay, Scotland). Proceedings of 4th European Wave Energy Conference[C].2000.
[19] Washio Y, Osawa H, Nagata Y, Fujii F, Furuyama H, Fujita T. The offshore floating type wave power device 'Mighty Whale':open sea tests. Proceedings of 10th International Offshore Polar Engineering Conference [C].2000.373-80.
[20] Information on technical specification, deployment, operation and maintenance www. sperboy. com
[21]游亚戈,吴必军,盛松伟,等.我国海洋波浪能技术发展建议：中国可再生能源学会海洋能专业学术委员会成立大会暨第一届学术讨论会,杭州,2008[C].
[22] Mehlum E Tapchan. Hydrodynamics of ocean wave energy utilization [M]. Berlin: Springer,1986:5-35.
[23] Wave Dragon - Home Page.http://www.wavedragon.net/
[24] Vicinanza D, Margheritini L, Contestabile P, etc. Sea waves lot- cone generator:An innovative caisson breakwater for energy production. Coastal Engineering 2008 Proceedings of the 31st International Conference[C],2008.
[25] Westwood, A., Ocean power:Wave and tidal energy review. Refocus,2004.5(5): p.50-55.
[26] Ross Henderson. Design, simulation, and testing of a novel hydraulic power take-off system for the Pelamis wave energy converter. Renewable Energy 31 (2006):271-283.
[27]中国能源战略研究课题组.中国能源战略研究(2000--2050)[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1997.
[28] Ying Z, Zaili D, Chendong W. Modeling of wave energy absorption based on BP neural network for underwater vehicles:Intelligent Control and Automation,2008.
WCICA 2008.7th World Congress on,2008[C].25-27 June 2008.
[29]李仕成.振荡浮子式波能转换装置性能的实验研究[D].大连理工大学港口、海岸与近海工程.2006.
[30]王凌宇.海洋浮子式波浪发电装置结构设计及试验研究[D].大连理工大学船舶与海洋结构物设计制造.2008.
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[32] Thorpe, T. W., A Brief Review of Wave Energy[M]. A report produced for the UK Department of Trade and Industry,1999.
[33] Thorpe, T. W., An Overview of Wave Energy Technologies:Status, Performances and Costs[J]. Wave Power:Moving towards Commercial Viability,1999(30):3-10.
[34]张文喜,叶家玮.摆式波浪能发电技术研究[J].广东造船,2011(1)：20-22
[35]王彦龙.波浪发电装置波能转换效率数值模拟研究[D].天津大学港口、海岸及近海工程.2007.
[36]范航宇.一种新型漂浮式波浪发电系统研究[D].清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系.2005.
[37] KOIVUSAARI, Rauno. Finland:WO/2003/036081, A PROCESS AND AN APPARATUS FOR UTILISING WAVE ENERGY[P].2003.
[38]波浪能转换http://www.goodnewsfinland.com/zh/dang-an/zhu-ti/chuang-ye-yu-chuang-xin/bo-1 ang-zhuan-wei-neng-liang/
[39] M. E. McCormick. Ocean Wave Energy Conversion[M]. John Wiley&Sons.1981: 186-203.
[40] HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHOD OF OWC WAVE ENERGY CONVERTORS[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,1989(4):20-26.
[41] Kinoue Y, Setoguchi T, Kuroda T, et al. Comparison of Performances of Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion[J]. Journal of Thermal Science,2003 (4):99-107.
[42] Gardner FE. Learning experience of AWS pilot plant test offshore
Portugal. Proceedings of 6th European Wave Energy Conference[C].2005.
[43] Kayser H. Energy generation from sea waves:Engineering in the Ocean Environment, Ocean'74-IEEE International Conference on,1974[C].21-23 Aug. 1974.
[44] Tapio Virvalo. Hydraulic systems in wave energy application. China:World Publishing Corporation[C].2009.
[45] Bingfeng H, Jinkui C, Yesheng X, et al. Modeling and simulation of the novel wave energy piezoelectric generator:Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), 2011 International Conference on,2011[C].16-18 Sept.2011.
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