双轴向经编针织复合材料弹道侵彻破坏的细观结构模型和计算
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摘要
双轴向经编针织物由三个系统的纱线组成,即经纱、纬纱与经编针织纱,其中经纱和纬纱互不交织而直接以0°/90°铺层排列,使织物和复合材料具有较高的面内刚度和强度;针织纱在厚度方向上对经纬纱起束缚作用,维持织物整体的结构稳定性,提高织物增强复合材料的断裂韧性和层间剪切强度。该织物形成的复合材料具有较高的面内刚度,冲击能量将以较高的应力波速扩展到复合材料的大面积区域。
本论文主要工作是:(1)利用真空辅助树脂传递模压成型技术制造双轴向经编针织复合材料;(2)测试复合材料靶板的弹道冲击性能,得到在不同入射速度下弹体的剩余速度并考察复合材料破坏形态与破坏模式;(3)将经编针织纱的力学性能转化于基体,建立复合材料细观结构简化模型与弹道侵彻模型,结合商用有限元软件ABAQUS分析复合材料的弹道侵彻性能;(4)比较实验和有限元计算的结果,分析两者在弹体剩余速度、弹体动能吸收以及复合材料靶板破坏形态等方面的一致性和差异性并研究复合材料的破坏机理。
本文研究为双轴向经编针织复合材料在弹道或高速冲击加载条件下的防护设计提供一种切实有效的预测方法。希望本工作可以应用于飞行器、高速车辆和弹道防护等工程领域的双轴向经编针织复合材料结构设计。
Bi-axial warp-knitted (BWK) fabric is composed of three kinds of yarns, which including warp, weft and knitted yarns. The warp yarns and weft yarns are laid in 0°/90°order and not interlaced each other. The non-crimp warp yarns and weft yarns will induce the higher in-plane stiffness and strength compared with other fabric structures. The knitted yarn loops (tricot yarns) hold the warp and weft yarns together. They maintain the fabric structure stability. The BWK fabric reinforced composite has high in-plane stiffness. The impact energy will propagate to the large area of the composite plate with stress wave propagation speed.
The main researches conducted are as follows:
(1) Manufacturing bi-axial warp-knitted composite with vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. (2) Ballistic tests of the BWK composite plates. The residual velocities of projectile under different strike velocities were measured. The impact damage morphologies and mode of the BWK composite were investigated and discussed. (3) A simplified micro-structural model of the BWK composite was established which converted stiffness and strength of knitted yarn loops to matrix. Incorporated with commercial-available FEM software package ABAQUS, the ballistic penetration of the BWK composite was calculated. (4) The residual velocities, kinetic energies of projectile were compared between experimental and FEA results. The impact damages of the BWK composite were also compared for elucidating the failure mechanisms.
This paper provides an effective prediction method for designing the protective structure of the BWK composite. We hope such an effect could be applied to the structural design of the BWK composites in the field of aircrafts, high speed vehicles and ballistic protections.
本论文主要工作是:(1)利用真空辅助树脂传递模压成型技术制造双轴向经编针织复合材料;(2)测试复合材料靶板的弹道冲击性能,得到在不同入射速度下弹体的剩余速度并考察复合材料破坏形态与破坏模式;(3)将经编针织纱的力学性能转化于基体,建立复合材料细观结构简化模型与弹道侵彻模型,结合商用有限元软件ABAQUS分析复合材料的弹道侵彻性能;(4)比较实验和有限元计算的结果,分析两者在弹体剩余速度、弹体动能吸收以及复合材料靶板破坏形态等方面的一致性和差异性并研究复合材料的破坏机理。
本文研究为双轴向经编针织复合材料在弹道或高速冲击加载条件下的防护设计提供一种切实有效的预测方法。希望本工作可以应用于飞行器、高速车辆和弹道防护等工程领域的双轴向经编针织复合材料结构设计。
Bi-axial warp-knitted (BWK) fabric is composed of three kinds of yarns, which including warp, weft and knitted yarns. The warp yarns and weft yarns are laid in 0°/90°order and not interlaced each other. The non-crimp warp yarns and weft yarns will induce the higher in-plane stiffness and strength compared with other fabric structures. The knitted yarn loops (tricot yarns) hold the warp and weft yarns together. They maintain the fabric structure stability. The BWK fabric reinforced composite has high in-plane stiffness. The impact energy will propagate to the large area of the composite plate with stress wave propagation speed.
The main researches conducted are as follows:
(1) Manufacturing bi-axial warp-knitted composite with vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. (2) Ballistic tests of the BWK composite plates. The residual velocities of projectile under different strike velocities were measured. The impact damage morphologies and mode of the BWK composite were investigated and discussed. (3) A simplified micro-structural model of the BWK composite was established which converted stiffness and strength of knitted yarn loops to matrix. Incorporated with commercial-available FEM software package ABAQUS, the ballistic penetration of the BWK composite was calculated. (4) The residual velocities, kinetic energies of projectile were compared between experimental and FEA results. The impact damages of the BWK composite were also compared for elucidating the failure mechanisms.
This paper provides an effective prediction method for designing the protective structure of the BWK composite. We hope such an effect could be applied to the structural design of the BWK composites in the field of aircrafts, high speed vehicles and ballistic protections.
引文
[1]Greenhalgh E,Hiley M.The assessment of novel materials and processes for the impact tolerant design of stiffened composite aerospace structures.Composites Part A,2003,34(2):151-156
[2]Ji KH,Kim S.Dynamic direct numerical simulation of woven composites for low-velocity impact.Journal of Composite Materials,2007,41(2):175-200
[3]Yehia A,Bahei ED,Mohammed A,Zikry.Impact-induced deformation fields in 2D and 3D woven Composites.Composites Science and Technology,2003,63(7):923-842
[4]敖伟,陈南梁.双轴向经编针织物的几何结构.国际纺织导报,2001,(1):37-41
[5]龙海如.针织学.北京:中国纺织出版社,2004
[6]Rios CR,Ogin SL,Lekakou C,Leong,KH.A study of damage development in a weft knitted fabric reinforced composite.Part 1:Experiments using model sandwich laminates.Composites Part A,2007,38(7):1773-1793
[7]Gommers B,Verpoest I,Van HP.Analysis of knitted fabric reinforced composites:Part Ⅰ.Fibre orientation distribution.Composites Part A,1998,29(12):1579-1588
[8]Gommers B,Verpoest I,Houtte P.Analysis of knitted fabric reinforced composites:Part Ⅱ.Stiffness and strength.Composites Part A,1998,29(12):1589-1601
[9]陶肖明,冼杏娟,高冠勋.纺织结构复合材料.北京:科学出版社,2001:56-57
[10]Tercan M,Asi O,Aktas A.Determination of the critical crack length of notched weft-knitted glass fiber variable width composite plates.Composite Structures,2007,77(1):111-119
[11]焦亚男,李嘉禄,董孚允.针织复合材料的研究进展.纺织学报,2004,25(4):125-128
[12]Tercan M,Asi O,Aktas A.An experimental investigation of the bearing strength of weft-knitted 1x 1 rib glass fiber composites.Composite Structures,2007,78(3):392-396
[13]Duhovic M,Bhattacharyya D.Simulating the deformation mechanisms of knitted fabric composites.Composites Part A,2006,37(11):1897-1915
[14]Ramakrishna S,Hamada H.Analytical procedure for the prediction of elastic properties of plain knitted fabric-reinforced composites.Composites Part A,1997,28(1):25-37
[15]Leong KH,Falzon PJ,Bannister MK,Herszberg I.An investigation of the mechanical performance of weft-knit Milano-rib glass/epoxy composites.Composites Science and Technology,1998,58(2):239-251
[16]Layton G,Falzon P,Georgiadis S,Liu XJ.Towards a composite civil aircraft wing.In:11th International Conference on Composite Materials,1997,14-18
[17]Dexter HB.Innovative textile reinforced composite materials for aircraft structures.In:Proc.of the 28th Int.SAMPE Technical Conf.,4-7 Nov,1996,404-416
[18]Falconnet D,Bourban PE,Pandita S.Fracture toughness of weft-knitted fabric composites.Composites Part B,2002,33(8):579-588
[19]Harris H,Schinske N,Krueger R,Swanson B.Multiaxial stitched preform reinforcements for RTM fabrication.In:36th Int.SAMPE Symposium,1991,521-535
[20]李毅,张佩华,王文祖.针织复合材料人工器官的开发及力学性能研究.上海纺织科技,2003,31(1):57-58
[21]Mouritz AP,Baini C,Herszberg I.Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness properties of advanced textile fibreglass composites.Composites Part A,1999,30(7):859-870
[22]Flanagan MP,Zikry M A,Wall JW.An experimental investigation of high velocity impact and penetration failure modes in textile composites.Journal of Composite Materials,1999,33(12):1080-1103
[23]徐静怡,顾伯洪.编织复合材料弹道冲击破坏形态及模式.弹道学报,2002,14(2):39-43
[24]Gu B,Ding X.A refined quasi-microstructure model for finite element analysis of 3-dimensional braided composite under ballistic perforation.Journal of Composite Materials,2005,39(8):685-710
[25]Jenq ST,Mo JJ.Ballistic impact response for two-step braided three-dimensional textile composites.AIAA Journal,1996,34(2):375-384
[26]Jenq ST,Kuo JT,Sheu LT.Ballistic impact response of 3-D four-step braided glass/epoxy composites.Impact Response and Dynamic Failure of Composites and Laminate Materials Pts 1and 2,1998,141-1:349-366
[27]练军,硕伯洪.三维编织复合材料弹道冲击细观结构模型的有限元计算.弹道学报:2006,18(3):79-83
[28]Gu BH,Xu JY.Finite element calculation of 4-step 3-dimensional braided composite under ballistic perforation.Composites Part B,2004,5(4):291-297
[29]Sun BZ,Liu YK,Gu BH.A unit cell approach of finite element calculation of ballistic impact damage of 3-D orthogonal woven composite.Composites Part B,2009
[30]Sevkat E,Liaw B,Delale F,Raju BB.A combined experimental and numerical approach to study ballistic impact response of S2-glass fiber/toughened epoxy composite beams.Composites Science and Technology,2009,69(7-8):965-982
[31]Tong L,Mouritz AP,Bannister MK 著;黄涛,矫桂琼 译.3D纤维增强聚合物基复合材料.北京:科学出版社,2008:35-46
[32]张玉龙.先进复合材料制造技术手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[33]Walsh T F,Lee B L,Song J W.Penetration failure of spectra(R) polyethylene fiber-reinforced ballistic grade composites.Impact Response and Dynamic Failure of Composites and Laminate Materials Pts 1 and 2,1998,141-1:367-382
[34]Cantwell W J,Morton J.Impact perforation of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.Composites science and Technology,1990,38:119-141
[35]刘元坤,张继伟.三维正交机织复合材料弹道冲击实验及破坏模式.纤维复合材料,2009,1:24-28
[36]练军.博士学位论文.三维编织复合材料弹道侵彻的数值模拟.东华大学,2005
[37]Bogdanovich AE,Pastore CM.Mechanics of textile and laminated composites with application to structural analysis.London:Chapman & Hall,1996
[38]Huang ZM.Progressive flexural failure analysis of laminated composites with knitted fabric reinforcement.Mechanics of Materials,2004,33(3):239-260
[39]Tsai SW,Hahn HT.Introduction to composite materials.Lancaster;Technomic Publishing Co.,Inc.,1980
[40]王善元,张汝光.纤维增强复合材料.上海:中国纺织大学出版社,1998
[41]黄争鸣.复合材料细观力学引论.北京:科学出版社,2004
[42]庄茁,朱以文等.ABAQUS有限元软件6.4版入门指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[43]张永宁,甘应进,王建刚,陈东生.有限元分析技术及其在纺织中的应用.纺织学报,2002,23(5):85-86
[2]Ji KH,Kim S.Dynamic direct numerical simulation of woven composites for low-velocity impact.Journal of Composite Materials,2007,41(2):175-200
[3]Yehia A,Bahei ED,Mohammed A,Zikry.Impact-induced deformation fields in 2D and 3D woven Composites.Composites Science and Technology,2003,63(7):923-842
[4]敖伟,陈南梁.双轴向经编针织物的几何结构.国际纺织导报,2001,(1):37-41
[5]龙海如.针织学.北京:中国纺织出版社,2004
[6]Rios CR,Ogin SL,Lekakou C,Leong,KH.A study of damage development in a weft knitted fabric reinforced composite.Part 1:Experiments using model sandwich laminates.Composites Part A,2007,38(7):1773-1793
[7]Gommers B,Verpoest I,Van HP.Analysis of knitted fabric reinforced composites:Part Ⅰ.Fibre orientation distribution.Composites Part A,1998,29(12):1579-1588
[8]Gommers B,Verpoest I,Houtte P.Analysis of knitted fabric reinforced composites:Part Ⅱ.Stiffness and strength.Composites Part A,1998,29(12):1589-1601
[9]陶肖明,冼杏娟,高冠勋.纺织结构复合材料.北京:科学出版社,2001:56-57
[10]Tercan M,Asi O,Aktas A.Determination of the critical crack length of notched weft-knitted glass fiber variable width composite plates.Composite Structures,2007,77(1):111-119
[11]焦亚男,李嘉禄,董孚允.针织复合材料的研究进展.纺织学报,2004,25(4):125-128
[12]Tercan M,Asi O,Aktas A.An experimental investigation of the bearing strength of weft-knitted 1x 1 rib glass fiber composites.Composite Structures,2007,78(3):392-396
[13]Duhovic M,Bhattacharyya D.Simulating the deformation mechanisms of knitted fabric composites.Composites Part A,2006,37(11):1897-1915
[14]Ramakrishna S,Hamada H.Analytical procedure for the prediction of elastic properties of plain knitted fabric-reinforced composites.Composites Part A,1997,28(1):25-37
[15]Leong KH,Falzon PJ,Bannister MK,Herszberg I.An investigation of the mechanical performance of weft-knit Milano-rib glass/epoxy composites.Composites Science and Technology,1998,58(2):239-251
[16]Layton G,Falzon P,Georgiadis S,Liu XJ.Towards a composite civil aircraft wing.In:11th International Conference on Composite Materials,1997,14-18
[17]Dexter HB.Innovative textile reinforced composite materials for aircraft structures.In:Proc.of the 28th Int.SAMPE Technical Conf.,4-7 Nov,1996,404-416
[18]Falconnet D,Bourban PE,Pandita S.Fracture toughness of weft-knitted fabric composites.Composites Part B,2002,33(8):579-588
[19]Harris H,Schinske N,Krueger R,Swanson B.Multiaxial stitched preform reinforcements for RTM fabrication.In:36th Int.SAMPE Symposium,1991,521-535
[20]李毅,张佩华,王文祖.针织复合材料人工器官的开发及力学性能研究.上海纺织科技,2003,31(1):57-58
[21]Mouritz AP,Baini C,Herszberg I.Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness properties of advanced textile fibreglass composites.Composites Part A,1999,30(7):859-870
[22]Flanagan MP,Zikry M A,Wall JW.An experimental investigation of high velocity impact and penetration failure modes in textile composites.Journal of Composite Materials,1999,33(12):1080-1103
[23]徐静怡,顾伯洪.编织复合材料弹道冲击破坏形态及模式.弹道学报,2002,14(2):39-43
[24]Gu B,Ding X.A refined quasi-microstructure model for finite element analysis of 3-dimensional braided composite under ballistic perforation.Journal of Composite Materials,2005,39(8):685-710
[25]Jenq ST,Mo JJ.Ballistic impact response for two-step braided three-dimensional textile composites.AIAA Journal,1996,34(2):375-384
[26]Jenq ST,Kuo JT,Sheu LT.Ballistic impact response of 3-D four-step braided glass/epoxy composites.Impact Response and Dynamic Failure of Composites and Laminate Materials Pts 1and 2,1998,141-1:349-366
[27]练军,硕伯洪.三维编织复合材料弹道冲击细观结构模型的有限元计算.弹道学报:2006,18(3):79-83
[28]Gu BH,Xu JY.Finite element calculation of 4-step 3-dimensional braided composite under ballistic perforation.Composites Part B,2004,5(4):291-297
[29]Sun BZ,Liu YK,Gu BH.A unit cell approach of finite element calculation of ballistic impact damage of 3-D orthogonal woven composite.Composites Part B,2009
[30]Sevkat E,Liaw B,Delale F,Raju BB.A combined experimental and numerical approach to study ballistic impact response of S2-glass fiber/toughened epoxy composite beams.Composites Science and Technology,2009,69(7-8):965-982
[31]Tong L,Mouritz AP,Bannister MK 著;黄涛,矫桂琼 译.3D纤维增强聚合物基复合材料.北京:科学出版社,2008:35-46
[32]张玉龙.先进复合材料制造技术手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[33]Walsh T F,Lee B L,Song J W.Penetration failure of spectra(R) polyethylene fiber-reinforced ballistic grade composites.Impact Response and Dynamic Failure of Composites and Laminate Materials Pts 1 and 2,1998,141-1:367-382
[34]Cantwell W J,Morton J.Impact perforation of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.Composites science and Technology,1990,38:119-141
[35]刘元坤,张继伟.三维正交机织复合材料弹道冲击实验及破坏模式.纤维复合材料,2009,1:24-28
[36]练军.博士学位论文.三维编织复合材料弹道侵彻的数值模拟.东华大学,2005
[37]Bogdanovich AE,Pastore CM.Mechanics of textile and laminated composites with application to structural analysis.London:Chapman & Hall,1996
[38]Huang ZM.Progressive flexural failure analysis of laminated composites with knitted fabric reinforcement.Mechanics of Materials,2004,33(3):239-260
[39]Tsai SW,Hahn HT.Introduction to composite materials.Lancaster;Technomic Publishing Co.,Inc.,1980
[40]王善元,张汝光.纤维增强复合材料.上海:中国纺织大学出版社,1998
[41]黄争鸣.复合材料细观力学引论.北京:科学出版社,2004
[42]庄茁,朱以文等.ABAQUS有限元软件6.4版入门指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[43]张永宁,甘应进,王建刚,陈东生.有限元分析技术及其在纺织中的应用.纺织学报,2002,23(5):85-86