渤西原油管流启动特性研究
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摘要
本文以渤西原油恒流量启动实验为基础,总结分析了较大静态温降幅度和较长停输时间条件下的管道启动特性,并对管道启动时的压力传递过程进行了分析研究。
研究发现:
1、在停输时间相同的情况下,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而增大,并当静态温降幅度增至某一值时取得最大值,随后,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而减小。
2、对于启动温度大于等于30℃的工况,停输6小时后管内凝油的结构强度达到最大值,停输时间继续延长,管道启动应力基本不变,甚至有下降的趋势。
3、实验所测压力波速远小于声波在水中的传播速度,而且压力从管道首端传递到末端过程中,压力波速并非定值,它随着时间的延长而递减。
4、启动过程中,沿管长方向各点压力达到最大值的时间依次滞后,管道末端压力达到最大值时标志着管道全线启动。
5、本文引入了启动波的概念。启动波的传播滞后于压力波的传播,它是流动凝油与静止凝油的分界,只有当启动波传播到管道末端时,整条管道才全线启动。
This paper is based on the startup experiment of Boxi offshore oil with constant flux. The startup properties of Boxi offshore oil are found and analyzed in the condition of large static temperature drop and long cooling period,and the pressure transmission is studied as well.
The study finds that:
1. With the same shutdown time, the startup yield stress increases as the static temperature drop gets larger until it reaches the peak at a certain static temperature drop, and then it will decreases as the static temperature drop increases.
2. When the startup temperature is above 30℃( including 30℃),six-hour shutdown time is sufficient for the recovery of the structural strength of Boxi oil to get a max startup yield stress. Six hours later, the startup stress won’t increase anymore, and even decreases a little sometimes.
3. The testing speed of pressure wave in gelled crude oil is much less than that of sound wave in water. Besides, the speed of pressure wave in this paper is not a fixed value and decreases during the transmission from the head of pipeline to the end.
4. During the course of startup, the pressure of each point along the pipeline gets its max pressure one after another axially, and when the terminal of pipeline gets its max pressure, the total pipeline will startup successfully.
5. A new concept of startup wave is presented. As the interface between the moving and unmoving gelled oil, the speed of startup wave is quite lower than that of pressure wave. A successful startup will be obtained when the startup wave has delivered to the end of the pipe.
研究发现:
1、在停输时间相同的情况下,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而增大,并当静态温降幅度增至某一值时取得最大值,随后,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而减小。
2、对于启动温度大于等于30℃的工况,停输6小时后管内凝油的结构强度达到最大值,停输时间继续延长,管道启动应力基本不变,甚至有下降的趋势。
3、实验所测压力波速远小于声波在水中的传播速度,而且压力从管道首端传递到末端过程中,压力波速并非定值,它随着时间的延长而递减。
4、启动过程中,沿管长方向各点压力达到最大值的时间依次滞后,管道末端压力达到最大值时标志着管道全线启动。
5、本文引入了启动波的概念。启动波的传播滞后于压力波的传播,它是流动凝油与静止凝油的分界,只有当启动波传播到管道末端时,整条管道才全线启动。
This paper is based on the startup experiment of Boxi offshore oil with constant flux. The startup properties of Boxi offshore oil are found and analyzed in the condition of large static temperature drop and long cooling period,and the pressure transmission is studied as well.
The study finds that:
1. With the same shutdown time, the startup yield stress increases as the static temperature drop gets larger until it reaches the peak at a certain static temperature drop, and then it will decreases as the static temperature drop increases.
2. When the startup temperature is above 30℃( including 30℃),six-hour shutdown time is sufficient for the recovery of the structural strength of Boxi oil to get a max startup yield stress. Six hours later, the startup stress won’t increase anymore, and even decreases a little sometimes.
3. The testing speed of pressure wave in gelled crude oil is much less than that of sound wave in water. Besides, the speed of pressure wave in this paper is not a fixed value and decreases during the transmission from the head of pipeline to the end.
4. During the course of startup, the pressure of each point along the pipeline gets its max pressure one after another axially, and when the terminal of pipeline gets its max pressure, the total pipeline will startup successfully.
5. A new concept of startup wave is presented. As the interface between the moving and unmoving gelled oil, the speed of startup wave is quite lower than that of pressure wave. A successful startup will be obtained when the startup wave has delivered to the end of the pipe.
引文
[1] 邓青. 大庆胶凝原油启动特性研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学,东营:2005.
[2] Henaut, O.Vincke, F.Brucy. Waxy Crude Oil Restart: Mechanical Properties of Gelled Oils. SPE 56771.
[3] 李传宪. 胶凝含蜡原油的结构特性及其化学改性机理的研究:[博士学位论文],山东大学,济南:2003.
[4] Uhde A, Kopp G. Pipeline Problems Resulting From Handling of Waxy Crude. J. of the Inst of Pet,1971;57:63.
[5] 李才,张晓萍,苏仲勋. 胶凝原油管道再启动压力传递速度的研究. 油气储运,1998;17(2):6~10.
[6] 张国忠,安家荣. 热油管道停输后初始启动压力波速的计算. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999;23(1):72~73.
[7] J. Sestak, M.E. Charles, et al. Start-up of gelled crude oil pipelines. Journal of Pipelines, 1987;6:15~24.
[8] M.G. Cawkwell, M.E. Charles. An improved model for start-up of pipelines containing gelled crude oil. Journal of Pipelines, 1987;7:41~52.
[9] 刘天佑,高艳清,曹强,等. 原油长输管道启动压力研究. 油气储运,1997;16(12):7~13.
[10] G.-P. Borghi, S.Correra, M.Merlini, C.Carniani. Prediction and Scaleup of Waxy Oil Restart Behavior. SPE 80259.
[11] 李才,张晓萍,苏仲勋,等. 热含蜡原油管道停输再启动压力研究. 油气储运,1998;17(1):10~14.
[12] Cheng Chang, Q. Dzuy Nguyen, Hans Petter R?nningsen. Isothermal start-up of pipeline transporting waxy crude oil. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,1999;87:127-154.
[13] Malcolm R. Davidson, Q. Dzuy Nguyen, Cheng Chang, et al. A model for restart of a pipeline with compressible gelled waxy crude oil. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,2004;123:269-280.
[14] 国家标准局. GB1884-1983,石油和液体石油产品密度测定法(密度计法),北京:中国标准出版社,1986.
[15] 李传宪,罗哲鸣. 原油流变性及测量. 东营:石油大学出版社,2001.
[16] 张国忠,张足斌. 管流液体的有效剪切速率. 油气田地面工程,2000;19(1):1~3.
[17] 王清河,常兆光,李荣华. 随机数据处理方法. 第三版. 东营:石油大学出版社,2005.
[18] 李鸿英,张劲军,高鹏. 蜡晶形态、结构与含蜡原油流变性的关系. 油气储运,2004;23(9):19~23.
[19] 蒋永兴. 含蜡原油屈服过程及其受空隙影响的实验研究. 力学与实践,1994;16(1):19~21.
[20] 吴望一. 流体力学. 北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[21] 刘刚. 胶凝原油管流特性研究:[博士学位论文],石油大学(华东),东营:2003.
[22] 周光泉,刘孝敏. 粘弹性理论. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996.
[23] 徐秉业,刘信声. 应用弹塑性力学. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[24] 张三慧. 波动与光学. 第二版. 北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[25] 黄春芳,李才,苏仲勋. 胶凝原油管道再启动试验研究. 油气田地面工程,1997;16(4):24~27.
[2] Henaut, O.Vincke, F.Brucy. Waxy Crude Oil Restart: Mechanical Properties of Gelled Oils. SPE 56771.
[3] 李传宪. 胶凝含蜡原油的结构特性及其化学改性机理的研究:[博士学位论文],山东大学,济南:2003.
[4] Uhde A, Kopp G. Pipeline Problems Resulting From Handling of Waxy Crude. J. of the Inst of Pet,1971;57:63.
[5] 李才,张晓萍,苏仲勋. 胶凝原油管道再启动压力传递速度的研究. 油气储运,1998;17(2):6~10.
[6] 张国忠,安家荣. 热油管道停输后初始启动压力波速的计算. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999;23(1):72~73.
[7] J. Sestak, M.E. Charles, et al. Start-up of gelled crude oil pipelines. Journal of Pipelines, 1987;6:15~24.
[8] M.G. Cawkwell, M.E. Charles. An improved model for start-up of pipelines containing gelled crude oil. Journal of Pipelines, 1987;7:41~52.
[9] 刘天佑,高艳清,曹强,等. 原油长输管道启动压力研究. 油气储运,1997;16(12):7~13.
[10] G.-P. Borghi, S.Correra, M.Merlini, C.Carniani. Prediction and Scaleup of Waxy Oil Restart Behavior. SPE 80259.
[11] 李才,张晓萍,苏仲勋,等. 热含蜡原油管道停输再启动压力研究. 油气储运,1998;17(1):10~14.
[12] Cheng Chang, Q. Dzuy Nguyen, Hans Petter R?nningsen. Isothermal start-up of pipeline transporting waxy crude oil. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,1999;87:127-154.
[13] Malcolm R. Davidson, Q. Dzuy Nguyen, Cheng Chang, et al. A model for restart of a pipeline with compressible gelled waxy crude oil. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,2004;123:269-280.
[14] 国家标准局. GB1884-1983,石油和液体石油产品密度测定法(密度计法),北京:中国标准出版社,1986.
[15] 李传宪,罗哲鸣. 原油流变性及测量. 东营:石油大学出版社,2001.
[16] 张国忠,张足斌. 管流液体的有效剪切速率. 油气田地面工程,2000;19(1):1~3.
[17] 王清河,常兆光,李荣华. 随机数据处理方法. 第三版. 东营:石油大学出版社,2005.
[18] 李鸿英,张劲军,高鹏. 蜡晶形态、结构与含蜡原油流变性的关系. 油气储运,2004;23(9):19~23.
[19] 蒋永兴. 含蜡原油屈服过程及其受空隙影响的实验研究. 力学与实践,1994;16(1):19~21.
[20] 吴望一. 流体力学. 北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[21] 刘刚. 胶凝原油管流特性研究:[博士学位论文],石油大学(华东),东营:2003.
[22] 周光泉,刘孝敏. 粘弹性理论. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996.
[23] 徐秉业,刘信声. 应用弹塑性力学. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[24] 张三慧. 波动与光学. 第二版. 北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[25] 黄春芳,李才,苏仲勋. 胶凝原油管道再启动试验研究. 油气田地面工程,1997;16(4):24~27.