同心非直驱式洗衣机用BLDCM系统的研究
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摘要
无刷直流电机可控性好、能效高、噪音低,将其应用到洗衣机中能明显改善洗衣机性能,因此,洗衣机电机无刷化已是业界的共识。本文主要研制应用于波轮式洗衣机的,采用减速器的非直驱式,同心驱动即电机轴线与筒轴线在一条直线上的低噪音无刷直流电机驱动系统。
论文主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,基于Ansoft的无刷直流电机综合设计及性能计算。充分利用了Ansoft软件计算了电机的重要参数如电势系数和定子绕组电感;分析了电势系数与电机性能的关系;利用这些参数对电机的机械特性作了估算。
其次,基于电机相电势的磁钢形状优化设计。阐述了正弦波磁钢形状优化的理论依据,提出了两种磁钢形状优化方案。利用有限元软件计算了样机在两种优化方案下的相电势,得出了有益的结论。
再次,基于Microchip公司的16位单片机dsPIC30F2010的低成本简易正弦波驱动系统设计。系统采用三只开关型霍尔作为速度和位置传感器,采用SVPWM实现正弦波驱动。论文详细介绍了驱动系统的硬件设计和软件设计。
最后,简要分析了洗衣机的转速控制策略,采用实验的方式,测试了简易正弦波驱动系统的性能。
Brushless DC Motor has good speed control capability, high efficiency and low noise. It has many advantages when it is applied to washing machine .Now this has been recognized by many producers. The work of this thesis is to develop a low noise BLDCM drive system for indirect through speed reducer and clutch but concentric drive washing machine.
Firstly, integrated design and characteristic calculation of the motor based on Ansoft software is introduced. Here Ansoft’s finite element program is fully used to calculate some important parameters such as emf-coefficient and phase winding inductance. Also the relationship between emf-coefficient and characteristic of the motor is analyzed. With the parameters calculated the motor’s mechanical characteristic is predicted.
Secondly, optimization of magnet shape based on back-emf was brought out. The theory of magnet shape optimization is formulated first. Then two type method of magnet shape optimization were taken forward. Both these two methods were tested with designed motor. Some valuable conclusions are derived.
Thirdly, design of simplified sinusoidal motor driving circuits using the Micro Chip dsPIC30F2010 as a processor is taken. It only has speed loop and the sinusoidal wave is produced by SVPWM. Hardware and software design are particularly described.
Finally, speed control strategies under washing and spinning condition were analyzed. Also the performances of simplified sinusoidal and normal sinusoidal driving circuits were tested.
论文主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,基于Ansoft的无刷直流电机综合设计及性能计算。充分利用了Ansoft软件计算了电机的重要参数如电势系数和定子绕组电感;分析了电势系数与电机性能的关系;利用这些参数对电机的机械特性作了估算。
其次,基于电机相电势的磁钢形状优化设计。阐述了正弦波磁钢形状优化的理论依据,提出了两种磁钢形状优化方案。利用有限元软件计算了样机在两种优化方案下的相电势,得出了有益的结论。
再次,基于Microchip公司的16位单片机dsPIC30F2010的低成本简易正弦波驱动系统设计。系统采用三只开关型霍尔作为速度和位置传感器,采用SVPWM实现正弦波驱动。论文详细介绍了驱动系统的硬件设计和软件设计。
最后,简要分析了洗衣机的转速控制策略,采用实验的方式,测试了简易正弦波驱动系统的性能。
Brushless DC Motor has good speed control capability, high efficiency and low noise. It has many advantages when it is applied to washing machine .Now this has been recognized by many producers. The work of this thesis is to develop a low noise BLDCM drive system for indirect through speed reducer and clutch but concentric drive washing machine.
Firstly, integrated design and characteristic calculation of the motor based on Ansoft software is introduced. Here Ansoft’s finite element program is fully used to calculate some important parameters such as emf-coefficient and phase winding inductance. Also the relationship between emf-coefficient and characteristic of the motor is analyzed. With the parameters calculated the motor’s mechanical characteristic is predicted.
Secondly, optimization of magnet shape based on back-emf was brought out. The theory of magnet shape optimization is formulated first. Then two type method of magnet shape optimization were taken forward. Both these two methods were tested with designed motor. Some valuable conclusions are derived.
Thirdly, design of simplified sinusoidal motor driving circuits using the Micro Chip dsPIC30F2010 as a processor is taken. It only has speed loop and the sinusoidal wave is produced by SVPWM. Hardware and software design are particularly described.
Finally, speed control strategies under washing and spinning condition were analyzed. Also the performances of simplified sinusoidal and normal sinusoidal driving circuits were tested.
引文
1赵旭,李鸿升,赵慎严.波轮式洗衣机洗涤模式与优缺点的研究.西北轻工业学院学报. 2000,18(2):70~73
2郭秉毅.洗衣机用DD无刷直流电机仿真分析与实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003:5~7
3 P. Pillay, P. Freere. Literature Survey of Permanent AC Motors and Drives. IAS Annual Meeting, New York, 1989:74~84
4 H. R. Bolton. Investigation into a Class of Brushless DC Motor with Quasisquare Voltage and Current. INSPEC, Hungary, 1993,133(2):25~32
5孙建中,白凤仙.特种电机及其控制.中国水利水电出版社. 2005:13~14
6吉尔鲁塞尔.目前国外洗衣机技术综述.家电科技. 2007,(3):12~13
7鲁建国.洗衣机的消费现状和发展趋势.家用电器. 2005,(5):28
8王宗培,韩光鲜,葛新.正弦波驱动无刷直流电动机的电势系数.微电机. 2003,36(3):3~7
9王强,陆永平,李建春.正弦波无刷直流电动机系统电磁转矩公式.微电机. 1995,(6):25~29
10汤蕴璆.电机学.机械工业出版社,2002:279~290
11 T. J. E. Miller, R. Rabinovici. Back-EMF Waveforms and Core Losses in Brushless DC Motors. INSPEC, 1994,141(3):144~154
12王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿.永磁无刷直流电机空载气隙磁场和绕组反电势的解析计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003,23(3):126~130
13王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿.永磁无刷直流电机负载磁场及其电磁转矩的计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003,23(4):140~144
14 T. Sebastian. Analysis of Induced EMF Waveforms and Torque ripple in a Brushless Permanent Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 1996,32(1): 195~200
15 T. W. Nehl, F. A. Fouad, N. A. Demerdash. Determination of Saturated Values of Rotating Machinery Incremental and Apparent Inductances by a Perturbation Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1982, 101(1): 4441~4451
16蒋文选.永磁同步电机的电枢反应电抗和同步电抗.贵州科学. 1998, 16(1):52~58
17刘长红,姚若萍,刘彤彦.变频调速永磁同步电机电抗参数的研究.大电机技术. 2003, (1):1~4
18 Hendershot JR, Miller TJE. Design of Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors. IECON, Paris, 2006:4853~4858
19李鲲鹏,胡虔生,黄允凯.计及绕组电感的永磁无刷直流电动机电路模型及其分析.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(1):76~80
20 Dubois M R, Polinder H, Ferreira J A. Varying Magnetization Orientation for Permanent Magnet Volume Reduction in Machines. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003,39 (3):1793~1799
21 Lee C K, Kwon B I, Kim B T, et al. Analysis of Magnetization of Magnet in the Rotor of Line Start Permanent Magnet Motor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003,39(3):1499~1502
22王天宝.正弦波无刷直流电机磁钢形状的归一化设计问题研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003:23~24
23徐建成,徐建民.圆环形永磁片产生的磁场的解析计算及其磁化强弱的检查.有色金属. 2006,58(4):76~79
24 M. F. Hsieh, Y. S. Hsu. An Investigation on Influence of Magnet Arc Shaping upon Back Electromotive Force Waveforms for Design of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2005,41(10):3949~3951
25 S. Ruangsinchaiwanich, Z.Q. Zhu, D. Howe. Influence of Magnet Shape on Cogging Torque and Back-EMF Waveform in Permanent Magnet Machines. ICEMS, Pairs, 2005:284~289
26 Z. Q. Zhu. Prediction of Open-Circuit Air Gap Field Distribution in Brushless Machine Having an Inset Permanent Magnet Rotor Topology. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 1994,30(21):7~9
27 Yong Li, Jibin Zou, Yongping Lu. Optimum Design of Magnet Shape in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003, 39(6): 3523~3526
28 Han K J, Cho H S, Cho D H. Optimal Core Shape Design for Cogging Torque Reduction of Brushless DC Motor Using Genetic Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2000,36(4):1927~1931
29唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.机械工业出版社, 1997:78~85
30 Kiyoshi Ohishi, Yasuaki Ogawa, Hideo Dohmaki. A Speed Control Method for a PM Motor Using a Speed Observer and a Low-Resolution Encoder. Electrical Engineering in Japan. 2003,143(1):66~74
31 Todd D. Batzel, Kwang Y. Lee. Slotless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Operation without a High Resolution Rotor Angle Sensor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2000, 15(4):366~371
32周兆勇,徐征,李铁才.基于两相正交开关霍尔传感器的混合型转子位置预估方案的FPGA实现.电工技术学报. 2004,19(1):61~64
33杜坤梅.无刷直流电机简易正弦驱动的原理和实践.电机与控制学报. 2002,3(1):26~27
34王铁成,徐永向,邹继斌.基于简易位置检测的高速永磁同步电机系统.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2005,37(3):387~390
35徐征,李铁才.准无位置传感器永磁同步电动机驱动系统中霍尔传感器位置检测误差的分析及解决方案.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(1):168~173
36 Jorge Zambada. Sinusoidal Control of PMSM Using dsPIC30F DSC. Microchip Technology Inc,2006
37 Bimal K.Bose. Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives. Prentice Hall. 2002:178-182
38 F. Blasschke. The Principle of Field Orientation as Applied to the NEW TRANSVER-TOR Closed Loop Control System of Rotation-Field Machine. Siemens Review. 1992,(5):63~66
39 Broadway Arw, Lburbridge. A Low Speed Motor or High Frequency Brushless Alternator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1970,117(7): 30~37
40 Alan K Wallace, Rene Spee, Hian K Lauw. The Potential of Brushless Doubly-fed Machines for Adjustable Speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1980,6(1):21~25
41钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计.电子工业出版社, 2005:100~120
42马洪飞.变频调速系统逆变器输出滤波器相关技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2002:50~62
2郭秉毅.洗衣机用DD无刷直流电机仿真分析与实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003:5~7
3 P. Pillay, P. Freere. Literature Survey of Permanent AC Motors and Drives. IAS Annual Meeting, New York, 1989:74~84
4 H. R. Bolton. Investigation into a Class of Brushless DC Motor with Quasisquare Voltage and Current. INSPEC, Hungary, 1993,133(2):25~32
5孙建中,白凤仙.特种电机及其控制.中国水利水电出版社. 2005:13~14
6吉尔鲁塞尔.目前国外洗衣机技术综述.家电科技. 2007,(3):12~13
7鲁建国.洗衣机的消费现状和发展趋势.家用电器. 2005,(5):28
8王宗培,韩光鲜,葛新.正弦波驱动无刷直流电动机的电势系数.微电机. 2003,36(3):3~7
9王强,陆永平,李建春.正弦波无刷直流电动机系统电磁转矩公式.微电机. 1995,(6):25~29
10汤蕴璆.电机学.机械工业出版社,2002:279~290
11 T. J. E. Miller, R. Rabinovici. Back-EMF Waveforms and Core Losses in Brushless DC Motors. INSPEC, 1994,141(3):144~154
12王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿.永磁无刷直流电机空载气隙磁场和绕组反电势的解析计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003,23(3):126~130
13王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿.永磁无刷直流电机负载磁场及其电磁转矩的计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003,23(4):140~144
14 T. Sebastian. Analysis of Induced EMF Waveforms and Torque ripple in a Brushless Permanent Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 1996,32(1): 195~200
15 T. W. Nehl, F. A. Fouad, N. A. Demerdash. Determination of Saturated Values of Rotating Machinery Incremental and Apparent Inductances by a Perturbation Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1982, 101(1): 4441~4451
16蒋文选.永磁同步电机的电枢反应电抗和同步电抗.贵州科学. 1998, 16(1):52~58
17刘长红,姚若萍,刘彤彦.变频调速永磁同步电机电抗参数的研究.大电机技术. 2003, (1):1~4
18 Hendershot JR, Miller TJE. Design of Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors. IECON, Paris, 2006:4853~4858
19李鲲鹏,胡虔生,黄允凯.计及绕组电感的永磁无刷直流电动机电路模型及其分析.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(1):76~80
20 Dubois M R, Polinder H, Ferreira J A. Varying Magnetization Orientation for Permanent Magnet Volume Reduction in Machines. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003,39 (3):1793~1799
21 Lee C K, Kwon B I, Kim B T, et al. Analysis of Magnetization of Magnet in the Rotor of Line Start Permanent Magnet Motor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003,39(3):1499~1502
22王天宝.正弦波无刷直流电机磁钢形状的归一化设计问题研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003:23~24
23徐建成,徐建民.圆环形永磁片产生的磁场的解析计算及其磁化强弱的检查.有色金属. 2006,58(4):76~79
24 M. F. Hsieh, Y. S. Hsu. An Investigation on Influence of Magnet Arc Shaping upon Back Electromotive Force Waveforms for Design of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2005,41(10):3949~3951
25 S. Ruangsinchaiwanich, Z.Q. Zhu, D. Howe. Influence of Magnet Shape on Cogging Torque and Back-EMF Waveform in Permanent Magnet Machines. ICEMS, Pairs, 2005:284~289
26 Z. Q. Zhu. Prediction of Open-Circuit Air Gap Field Distribution in Brushless Machine Having an Inset Permanent Magnet Rotor Topology. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 1994,30(21):7~9
27 Yong Li, Jibin Zou, Yongping Lu. Optimum Design of Magnet Shape in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2003, 39(6): 3523~3526
28 Han K J, Cho H S, Cho D H. Optimal Core Shape Design for Cogging Torque Reduction of Brushless DC Motor Using Genetic Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2000,36(4):1927~1931
29唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.机械工业出版社, 1997:78~85
30 Kiyoshi Ohishi, Yasuaki Ogawa, Hideo Dohmaki. A Speed Control Method for a PM Motor Using a Speed Observer and a Low-Resolution Encoder. Electrical Engineering in Japan. 2003,143(1):66~74
31 Todd D. Batzel, Kwang Y. Lee. Slotless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Operation without a High Resolution Rotor Angle Sensor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2000, 15(4):366~371
32周兆勇,徐征,李铁才.基于两相正交开关霍尔传感器的混合型转子位置预估方案的FPGA实现.电工技术学报. 2004,19(1):61~64
33杜坤梅.无刷直流电机简易正弦驱动的原理和实践.电机与控制学报. 2002,3(1):26~27
34王铁成,徐永向,邹继斌.基于简易位置检测的高速永磁同步电机系统.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2005,37(3):387~390
35徐征,李铁才.准无位置传感器永磁同步电动机驱动系统中霍尔传感器位置检测误差的分析及解决方案.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(1):168~173
36 Jorge Zambada. Sinusoidal Control of PMSM Using dsPIC30F DSC. Microchip Technology Inc,2006
37 Bimal K.Bose. Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives. Prentice Hall. 2002:178-182
38 F. Blasschke. The Principle of Field Orientation as Applied to the NEW TRANSVER-TOR Closed Loop Control System of Rotation-Field Machine. Siemens Review. 1992,(5):63~66
39 Broadway Arw, Lburbridge. A Low Speed Motor or High Frequency Brushless Alternator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1970,117(7): 30~37
40 Alan K Wallace, Rene Spee, Hian K Lauw. The Potential of Brushless Doubly-fed Machines for Adjustable Speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1980,6(1):21~25
41钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计.电子工业出版社, 2005:100~120
42马洪飞.变频调速系统逆变器输出滤波器相关技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2002:50~62