近海堵坝对潮汐河口淤积影响的数值模拟及试验研究
|
摘要
随着社会和经济的发展,人们越来重视河口的开发利用。为了充分发挥河口的航运、防洪和养殖等综合效益,有时需要对天然河口进行改造,在河口区建水工建筑物,如挡潮闸、防洪闸、堵坝等,是人们改善河口的重要手段。通常情况下,近海区域的水工建筑物会影响河流入海径流,导致感潮河流的入海口的泥沙冲淤特性发生较大变化,影响河口的原有地形和生态环境。分析和预测近海水工建筑物对河口的形态及环境影响,对保护和充分利用河口具有重要的意义。
本文对金清河口采取截弯取直的改造后,堵坝下游至近海区域的泥沙淤积特性进行了数值模拟和试验研究,分析了堵坝截断径流后,其下游原河道在潮汐作用下的泥沙淤积分布特性和淤积过程。主要研究内容包括如下：
(1)根据水文泥沙资料,从平面二维水流泥沙的基本方程和基本理论出发,采用平面二维数学模型,对堵坝下游河口的潮流泥沙进行数值模拟,分析了原河口区域的潮流运动特征,得到泥沙淤积分布。
(2)在模拟的潮流流场基础上,对堵坝下游的泥沙淤积过程及分布特征进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,堵坝修建后三年淤积速度较快,而后淤积速度变慢,并且逐步达到新的平衡。
(3)通过1：40的河口水工模型,对堵坝下游河道的淤积特性进行了反演测试,并将物理模型试验结果与数值模拟计算进行了对比,二者吻合良好。
(4)利用水工模型对堵坝下游河道的放水冲淤措施进行了探讨和预测分析,对三种特定工况的冲淤方式进行了试验。
With the social and economic development, people pay more attention to the estuary's management and exploitation. In order to make full use of the estuary, such as navigate, flood control and aquiculture, natural estuary is usually adjusted according to the improvement. Hydraulic engineering usually change the natural river by floodgate and dam, which will increase the sediment and inflect the terrain and environment. It's significant to analysis and study the influence of hydraulic engineering on the sediment of estuary, which will protect and make full use of the natural estuary.
The thesis studied the influence of dam on the sediment of near estuary, based on the Jinqing estuary. The distribution and time history of sediment were simulated. The key researches are following:
(1) According to the hydrological datum and theoretical analysis, the 2-Dnumerical model was established to simulate the fluid field and sediment pattern of natural estuary area.
(2) According to the simulation of fluid field, the distribution and develop process were analyzed. The result shows that the sediment was developed in three years, and then sediment gradual become slowly.
(3) A test model with scale 1:40 was established to simulate the distribution and time history of sediment. The experiment proves the numerical result.
(4) Through the experiment, river erosion and deposition was discussed and analyzed, and three kinds test result of deposition and erosion in river were presented.
本文对金清河口采取截弯取直的改造后,堵坝下游至近海区域的泥沙淤积特性进行了数值模拟和试验研究,分析了堵坝截断径流后,其下游原河道在潮汐作用下的泥沙淤积分布特性和淤积过程。主要研究内容包括如下：
(1)根据水文泥沙资料,从平面二维水流泥沙的基本方程和基本理论出发,采用平面二维数学模型,对堵坝下游河口的潮流泥沙进行数值模拟,分析了原河口区域的潮流运动特征,得到泥沙淤积分布。
(2)在模拟的潮流流场基础上,对堵坝下游的泥沙淤积过程及分布特征进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,堵坝修建后三年淤积速度较快,而后淤积速度变慢,并且逐步达到新的平衡。
(3)通过1：40的河口水工模型,对堵坝下游河道的淤积特性进行了反演测试,并将物理模型试验结果与数值模拟计算进行了对比,二者吻合良好。
(4)利用水工模型对堵坝下游河道的放水冲淤措施进行了探讨和预测分析,对三种特定工况的冲淤方式进行了试验。
With the social and economic development, people pay more attention to the estuary's management and exploitation. In order to make full use of the estuary, such as navigate, flood control and aquiculture, natural estuary is usually adjusted according to the improvement. Hydraulic engineering usually change the natural river by floodgate and dam, which will increase the sediment and inflect the terrain and environment. It's significant to analysis and study the influence of hydraulic engineering on the sediment of estuary, which will protect and make full use of the natural estuary.
The thesis studied the influence of dam on the sediment of near estuary, based on the Jinqing estuary. The distribution and time history of sediment were simulated. The key researches are following:
(1) According to the hydrological datum and theoretical analysis, the 2-Dnumerical model was established to simulate the fluid field and sediment pattern of natural estuary area.
(2) According to the simulation of fluid field, the distribution and develop process were analyzed. The result shows that the sediment was developed in three years, and then sediment gradual become slowly.
(3) A test model with scale 1:40 was established to simulate the distribution and time history of sediment. The experiment proves the numerical result.
(4) Through the experiment, river erosion and deposition was discussed and analyzed, and three kinds test result of deposition and erosion in river were presented.
引文
[1]王绍成,虞和莹.河流动力学.北京：人民交通出版社,1993,P146.
[2]金元欢,沈焕庭.中国入海河口分类刍议.海洋与湖沼,1990,21(2),132-143.
[3]黄胜,卢启苗.河口动力学.北京：电子工业出版社,1995,P94.
[4]钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学.北京：科学出版社,1987；504-506.
[5]严恺,梁其荀.海岸工程北京： 海洋出版社,2002.
[6]陈静,射阳河口挡潮闸闸下淤积分析与治理开发[硕士论文].南京：南京水利科学研究院,2006
[7]辛文杰,罗肇森,黄建维等.我国建闸河口闸下淤积问题及其对策.南京水利科学研究院,2003,12：5-6.
[8]康瑛,汪恒强.浙江省曹娥江大闸闸下冲淤调度研究初探.水利水电技术,2007,320-24.
[9]辽宁省水利勘测设计院规划设计室泥沙组,辽河河口建闸后河床演变.1980年全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查、海岸工程学会议论文集.海洋出版社：238-249,1982.
[10]窦国仁,射阳河闸下淤积问题分析(1985-1962).河港研究第三分册.南京：南京水利科学研究所,1963：1-25.
[11]严恺,黄胜.中国海岸工程.南京：河海大学出版社,1992.
[12]杨红,张幸农.感潮河段船闸下引航道水沙运动及泥沙淤积.海洋工程.2004,4.
[13]王义刚,席刚,施春香.川东港挡潮闸闸下淤积机理浅析.江苏水利,2005(3)：28-29.
[14]辛文杰,罗肇森,黄建维等.我国建闸河口闸下淤积问题及其对策.南京水利科究院,2003,12：6-11.
[15]郑华美,王均明.苏北沿海挡潮闸闸下水道淤积的因素和影响机制分析.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版),2005,9：73-75.
[16]刘冬林,施世宽等.沿海挡潮闸减淤防淤措施的探讨.水利管理技术,1998,4.
[17]黄建维,张金善.我国河口挡潮闸闸下淤积综合治理技术.泥沙研究,2004,3.
[18]朱保粮,王升.海河口闸下泄流拖淤分析.泥沙研究,1995,3.
[19]杨庆钰,李玉山.蒋礼平.海河流域泥质潮汐河口淤积及防淤减淤措施的初步探.海河水利,1985.(2)：17-31.
[20]施世宽.东台沿海挡潮闸淤积成因及减淤防淤措施.1999,1(1)：20-22.
[21]陈才俊.江苏沿海闸下港道的发育和减淤措施.泥沙研究,1991,4.
[22]张文渊.苏北沿海挡潮闸下淤积的原因及其对策.泥沙研究,2000,1.
[23]张相峰.海河口淤积形态初步分析.泥沙研究,1994,4.56-62.
[24]Yuchuan Bai, Zhaoyin Wang, Huanting Shen. Three-dimensional modeling of sediment transport and the effects of dredging in the Haihe Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2003.56,175-186.
[25]Han Zengcui. Comparison of Siltation between Prediction and Field Data in Downstream of Tidal Bar-rage. Barrages Engineering Design and Environmental Impact,1996.
[26]付桂,李九发等.河口闸下淤积和清淤措施研究综述.海洋湖沼通报,2007,增刊.
[27]谢鉴恒,丁君松.河床演变及整治.北京：水利电力出版社,1990,6.
[28]陈玉田.偏微分方程数值解法.南京：河海大学出版社,1999.
[29]王宏江.泥质河口闸下冲淤特性及冲淤量的分析预报.海洋工程,2002,11(4)
[30]金元欢,沈焕庭.我国建闸河口冲淤特性.泥沙研究,1991,4,59-68.
[31]钱宁,周文浩.黄河下游河床演变.北京：科学出版社,1965.
[32]窦国仁.泥运动理论.南京：南京水利科学研究院,1963.
[33]黄建维等.永定新河防淤减淤工程模型试验研究第一阶段报告.南京水科院、天津水利局报.1998.
[34]俞月阳,潘存鸿等.曹娥江大闸闹下冲刷水槽试验与研究.浙江水利科技,2003.4.
[35]毛根海.应用流体力学.北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[36]徐和兴,徐锡荣.潮汐河口闸下淤积及减淤措施试验研究.河海大学学报,2001,29(6).
[37]王明才,周琴等.潮汐河口水闸对河口淤积影响的试验研究.红河水,2005,3,vol.24.
[38]林军,严由生.深圳布吉河河口泥沙淤积控制试验研究.中国农村水利水电,2005.12.
[39]匡翠萍.潮汐河口水流数学模型概述.水利水运科技情报,1993,1.
[40]赵棣华,戚晨等.平面二维水流水质有限体积法及黎曼近似边界模拟.水科学进展,2000,11(44)：368-373
[41]周建军等.平面二维泥沙数学模型研究及其应用.水利学报,1993,No.11.
[42]王光谦,周建军,杨本均.二维泥沙异重流运动的数学模型.应用基础与工程科学学报,2008(8)：52-60.
[43]O'Neil,S. Three dimensional mobile bed dynamics for sediment transport modeling Ph.D. Paper of The Ohio State University,2002.
[44]Chen R.E. Modeling of estuary hydrodynamic-A mixture of art and science. Proceedings of 3rd International Symp. On River Sedimentation. The University of Mississippi.1986.
[45]McAnally.W H,Leter J W,Tomas W A.two and three-D modeling systems for Sedimentation.Pro.of 3rd Int.Symp.on River Sedimentation The University of Mississippi.1986.
[46]Wang,S.Y. The-dimensional modeling of river sedimentation processes. Pro.of 3rdInt.Symp.on River Sedimentation. The University of Mississippi.1986.
[47]陆永军,窦国仁等.三维紊流悬沙数学模型及其运用.中国科学(E辑技术科学),2003,34(3)：311-328.
[48]曹祖德,王运洪.水动力泥沙数值模拟.天津：天津大学出版社,1994.
[49]Pritchard D W, Salinity distribution and circulation in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. J. Mar. Res.,1952,11:106～123.
[50]Meyer-Peter, E. and R. muller, Formula for Bed Load Transport, Proc.,2nd. Meeting, Intern. Assoc. Hyd. Res., V01.6,1948.
[51]Meyer-Peter.,E.,H. Favre and H. A. Einstein, "Neuere Versuchsresutate Uber den Geschiebetrieb", Schweiz. Bauzeitung, V01.103, No.12,1934, p.47-150
[52]Bagnold, R. A…"Some Flume Experiments on Large Grains but Little Denser than the Transporting Fluid and Their Implications", Proc., Inst. Civil Engrs.,1955, PP.174-205
[53]Bagnold, R. A.,'The Flow of Cohesionless Grains in Fluids', Philo. Trans. RoyalSoc. London, Set. A. V01. 249,1965, PP.235-297.
[54]Bagnold, R.A. "Bed Load Transport by Natural Rivers", Water Resources Res., V01.13, No.2, April 1977, PP.303-312.
[55]Yalin, M.S.,Mechanics of Sediment Transport, Oxford Pergaman Press,1972.
[56]Engelund, F.and J. Freds. "A sediment Transport Model for Straight Alluvial Channels", Nordic Hydrology, V01. 7,1976, P.293-306.
[57]Ackers, P. and W.R. White. "Sediment Transport:New Approach and Analysis". J. Hyd. Div. Proc.,Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,V01.99, No. HYI1,1973, PP.2041-2060.
[58]Einstein, H.A., "Bed load transportation in Mountain Creek", Tech. Paper No.55, Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Dept. Agri…1944, P55.
[59]陈开骥.金清港.杭州：浙江人民出版社.浙江地名简志,P529.
[60]毛根海,章军军,万五一等.金清港船闸模型试验报告.浙江大学水工结构及水环境研究所,2008.
[61]MIKE-21 User's Manual. DHI Software,2007.
[62]辛文杰.河口、海湾平面潮流数值计算中的几个问题.水动力学研究与进展,1993.3.
[63]蒋国俊,冯怀珍.浙江台州湾金清潮滩水力泥沙特性.杭州大学学报(自然科学版)1992,2,215～222.
[64]赵龙保,祝永康.椒江河口挟沙力经验初步研究.泥沙研究,1991.12.
[65]JohanC.WinterwerP, Decomposition of the mass transport in narrow estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Volume 16, Issue6, June 1983, Pages627-638.
[2]金元欢,沈焕庭.中国入海河口分类刍议.海洋与湖沼,1990,21(2),132-143.
[3]黄胜,卢启苗.河口动力学.北京：电子工业出版社,1995,P94.
[4]钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学.北京：科学出版社,1987；504-506.
[5]严恺,梁其荀.海岸工程北京： 海洋出版社,2002.
[6]陈静,射阳河口挡潮闸闸下淤积分析与治理开发[硕士论文].南京：南京水利科学研究院,2006
[7]辛文杰,罗肇森,黄建维等.我国建闸河口闸下淤积问题及其对策.南京水利科学研究院,2003,12：5-6.
[8]康瑛,汪恒强.浙江省曹娥江大闸闸下冲淤调度研究初探.水利水电技术,2007,320-24.
[9]辽宁省水利勘测设计院规划设计室泥沙组,辽河河口建闸后河床演变.1980年全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查、海岸工程学会议论文集.海洋出版社：238-249,1982.
[10]窦国仁,射阳河闸下淤积问题分析(1985-1962).河港研究第三分册.南京：南京水利科学研究所,1963：1-25.
[11]严恺,黄胜.中国海岸工程.南京：河海大学出版社,1992.
[12]杨红,张幸农.感潮河段船闸下引航道水沙运动及泥沙淤积.海洋工程.2004,4.
[13]王义刚,席刚,施春香.川东港挡潮闸闸下淤积机理浅析.江苏水利,2005(3)：28-29.
[14]辛文杰,罗肇森,黄建维等.我国建闸河口闸下淤积问题及其对策.南京水利科究院,2003,12：6-11.
[15]郑华美,王均明.苏北沿海挡潮闸闸下水道淤积的因素和影响机制分析.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版),2005,9：73-75.
[16]刘冬林,施世宽等.沿海挡潮闸减淤防淤措施的探讨.水利管理技术,1998,4.
[17]黄建维,张金善.我国河口挡潮闸闸下淤积综合治理技术.泥沙研究,2004,3.
[18]朱保粮,王升.海河口闸下泄流拖淤分析.泥沙研究,1995,3.
[19]杨庆钰,李玉山.蒋礼平.海河流域泥质潮汐河口淤积及防淤减淤措施的初步探.海河水利,1985.(2)：17-31.
[20]施世宽.东台沿海挡潮闸淤积成因及减淤防淤措施.1999,1(1)：20-22.
[21]陈才俊.江苏沿海闸下港道的发育和减淤措施.泥沙研究,1991,4.
[22]张文渊.苏北沿海挡潮闸下淤积的原因及其对策.泥沙研究,2000,1.
[23]张相峰.海河口淤积形态初步分析.泥沙研究,1994,4.56-62.
[24]Yuchuan Bai, Zhaoyin Wang, Huanting Shen. Three-dimensional modeling of sediment transport and the effects of dredging in the Haihe Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2003.56,175-186.
[25]Han Zengcui. Comparison of Siltation between Prediction and Field Data in Downstream of Tidal Bar-rage. Barrages Engineering Design and Environmental Impact,1996.
[26]付桂,李九发等.河口闸下淤积和清淤措施研究综述.海洋湖沼通报,2007,增刊.
[27]谢鉴恒,丁君松.河床演变及整治.北京：水利电力出版社,1990,6.
[28]陈玉田.偏微分方程数值解法.南京：河海大学出版社,1999.
[29]王宏江.泥质河口闸下冲淤特性及冲淤量的分析预报.海洋工程,2002,11(4)
[30]金元欢,沈焕庭.我国建闸河口冲淤特性.泥沙研究,1991,4,59-68.
[31]钱宁,周文浩.黄河下游河床演变.北京：科学出版社,1965.
[32]窦国仁.泥运动理论.南京：南京水利科学研究院,1963.
[33]黄建维等.永定新河防淤减淤工程模型试验研究第一阶段报告.南京水科院、天津水利局报.1998.
[34]俞月阳,潘存鸿等.曹娥江大闸闹下冲刷水槽试验与研究.浙江水利科技,2003.4.
[35]毛根海.应用流体力学.北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[36]徐和兴,徐锡荣.潮汐河口闸下淤积及减淤措施试验研究.河海大学学报,2001,29(6).
[37]王明才,周琴等.潮汐河口水闸对河口淤积影响的试验研究.红河水,2005,3,vol.24.
[38]林军,严由生.深圳布吉河河口泥沙淤积控制试验研究.中国农村水利水电,2005.12.
[39]匡翠萍.潮汐河口水流数学模型概述.水利水运科技情报,1993,1.
[40]赵棣华,戚晨等.平面二维水流水质有限体积法及黎曼近似边界模拟.水科学进展,2000,11(44)：368-373
[41]周建军等.平面二维泥沙数学模型研究及其应用.水利学报,1993,No.11.
[42]王光谦,周建军,杨本均.二维泥沙异重流运动的数学模型.应用基础与工程科学学报,2008(8)：52-60.
[43]O'Neil,S. Three dimensional mobile bed dynamics for sediment transport modeling Ph.D. Paper of The Ohio State University,2002.
[44]Chen R.E. Modeling of estuary hydrodynamic-A mixture of art and science. Proceedings of 3rd International Symp. On River Sedimentation. The University of Mississippi.1986.
[45]McAnally.W H,Leter J W,Tomas W A.two and three-D modeling systems for Sedimentation.Pro.of 3rd Int.Symp.on River Sedimentation The University of Mississippi.1986.
[46]Wang,S.Y. The-dimensional modeling of river sedimentation processes. Pro.of 3rdInt.Symp.on River Sedimentation. The University of Mississippi.1986.
[47]陆永军,窦国仁等.三维紊流悬沙数学模型及其运用.中国科学(E辑技术科学),2003,34(3)：311-328.
[48]曹祖德,王运洪.水动力泥沙数值模拟.天津：天津大学出版社,1994.
[49]Pritchard D W, Salinity distribution and circulation in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. J. Mar. Res.,1952,11:106～123.
[50]Meyer-Peter, E. and R. muller, Formula for Bed Load Transport, Proc.,2nd. Meeting, Intern. Assoc. Hyd. Res., V01.6,1948.
[51]Meyer-Peter.,E.,H. Favre and H. A. Einstein, "Neuere Versuchsresutate Uber den Geschiebetrieb", Schweiz. Bauzeitung, V01.103, No.12,1934, p.47-150
[52]Bagnold, R. A…"Some Flume Experiments on Large Grains but Little Denser than the Transporting Fluid and Their Implications", Proc., Inst. Civil Engrs.,1955, PP.174-205
[53]Bagnold, R. A.,'The Flow of Cohesionless Grains in Fluids', Philo. Trans. RoyalSoc. London, Set. A. V01. 249,1965, PP.235-297.
[54]Bagnold, R.A. "Bed Load Transport by Natural Rivers", Water Resources Res., V01.13, No.2, April 1977, PP.303-312.
[55]Yalin, M.S.,Mechanics of Sediment Transport, Oxford Pergaman Press,1972.
[56]Engelund, F.and J. Freds. "A sediment Transport Model for Straight Alluvial Channels", Nordic Hydrology, V01. 7,1976, P.293-306.
[57]Ackers, P. and W.R. White. "Sediment Transport:New Approach and Analysis". J. Hyd. Div. Proc.,Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,V01.99, No. HYI1,1973, PP.2041-2060.
[58]Einstein, H.A., "Bed load transportation in Mountain Creek", Tech. Paper No.55, Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Dept. Agri…1944, P55.
[59]陈开骥.金清港.杭州：浙江人民出版社.浙江地名简志,P529.
[60]毛根海,章军军,万五一等.金清港船闸模型试验报告.浙江大学水工结构及水环境研究所,2008.
[61]MIKE-21 User's Manual. DHI Software,2007.
[62]辛文杰.河口、海湾平面潮流数值计算中的几个问题.水动力学研究与进展,1993.3.
[63]蒋国俊,冯怀珍.浙江台州湾金清潮滩水力泥沙特性.杭州大学学报(自然科学版)1992,2,215～222.
[64]赵龙保,祝永康.椒江河口挟沙力经验初步研究.泥沙研究,1991.12.
[65]JohanC.WinterwerP, Decomposition of the mass transport in narrow estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Volume 16, Issue6, June 1983, Pages627-638.