黄河三角洲动力沉积及冲淤演变研究
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摘要
黄河三角洲处于河流与海洋相互作用的过渡带,其陆海相互作用强烈,是黄河入海物质的主要“汇”,同时还是这些入海物质向渤海扩散的“源”。为了深入系统地研究黄河入海物质(水、沙、营养盐和主要污染物)的输运、转化和归宿,中国海洋大学主持的“973”项目“中国典型河口-近海陆海相互作用及其环境效应”第四课题“黄河三角洲海岸蚀积转换机制和趋势预测”与其他课题组一起于2003年8月24-27日及2003年9月25-26日在黄河口及附近海域进行了两次海洋环境综合调查。第一航次动用了13艘船只,进行了10船定点同步观察,共获取了1262个温度、海流数据,729个盐度数据,729个悬浮体数据;第二航次出动了三艘船只,进行三船定点同步观察和三条断面观测,共获取温度、海流数据341个,盐度数据208个,悬浮体数据208个。此外,收集了现代黄河三角洲水下地形的从1960―2003年的实际测量数据。这些数据成为论文研究的重要依据。
本论文首先对黄河高低流量下黄河口两个航次的海上调查数据资料分析,研究了低流量下黄河口水文、泥沙基本特征,重点讨论了淡水扩散、盐淡水混合、盐水入侵过程、泥沙输运、河口密度环流和黄河口最大浑浊带;其次,根据多年黄河三角洲水深实测数据,对黄河水下三角洲冲淤量进行了计算和分析,并采用EOF&ANN统计分析与预测数学模型,对黄河三角洲冲淤的空间格局、趋势变化等进行了分析,并结合径流变化等对黄河三角洲形态的发育趋势进行了探讨。本次研究得到了以下主要结论:
1.黄河口河水以异轻羽状流的形式向海方向扩散。淡水扩散具有潮周期性,高潮时盐水入侵河道,阻挡了淡水的向海扩散,而低潮时淡水易于扩散。低流量下黄河口为垂向均匀混合型,高流量下黄河口混合复杂,水体混合随时空不同而出现高度分层型、部分混合型、垂向均匀混合型三种形式。
2.余流计算表明在黄河口拦门沙下游存在着热盐成因的河口密度环流,环流上支向海流动,下支向陆运动,它对拦门沙地区泥沙汇集起着极其重要的作用。这是首次通过多船同步观察证实黄河口河口环流的存在。
3.拦门沙上游泥沙向NE方向运移,下游泥沙向WNW方向运移,这种泥沙运
Yellow River Delta is located in the transitional zone of the river-sea interaction, where land and sea interact intensely. This area is not only the sink of the materials from Yellow River into the sea, but also the source of the Yellow River material dispersal system into the Bohai Sea. In order to systematically study on the transportation, transformation and the fate of the materials including freshwater, silt, nutrition salts and pollutants from Yellow River into the sea, two synthetic surveys were carried out from 24 August of 2003 to 27 August of 2003 and from 25 September of 2003 to 26 September of 2003 respectively by Ocean University of China supported by the project of mechanism and protection of erosion-deposition of Yellow River Delta, which is part of National 973 Project of China:“Land-sea interaction and its effect on the environment in the typical estuaries and coastal seas of China. Thirteen boats were used in the first time, ten of which were used to carry on synchronous fixed-point observation. 1262 data of temperature and current flow, and 729 data of salinity and 729 data of suspended sediment were obtained totally. In the second time, three boats were used to carry on synchronous fixed-point observation and three cross section observations. In that cruise, 341 data of temperature and current flow, and 208 data of salinity and suspended sediment were obtained totally. In addition, the terrain data of Yellow River Delta from 1960 to 2003 were collected.
In this paper, firstly, the survey data in the Yellow River estuary area during flood and drought are applied to analyze the hydrological characteristics and the characteristics of the sediment during drought and flood, respectively. Freshwater dispersion, fresh-saline water mixing, saltwater intrusion, sediment transportation, estuarine circulation and turbidity maximum are studied in detail. Secondly, the terrain data is applied to calculate the erosion-deposition rate of Yellow River Delta. An EOF&ANN statistical model is developed to describe and forecast the topographic
本论文首先对黄河高低流量下黄河口两个航次的海上调查数据资料分析,研究了低流量下黄河口水文、泥沙基本特征,重点讨论了淡水扩散、盐淡水混合、盐水入侵过程、泥沙输运、河口密度环流和黄河口最大浑浊带;其次,根据多年黄河三角洲水深实测数据,对黄河水下三角洲冲淤量进行了计算和分析,并采用EOF&ANN统计分析与预测数学模型,对黄河三角洲冲淤的空间格局、趋势变化等进行了分析,并结合径流变化等对黄河三角洲形态的发育趋势进行了探讨。本次研究得到了以下主要结论:
1.黄河口河水以异轻羽状流的形式向海方向扩散。淡水扩散具有潮周期性,高潮时盐水入侵河道,阻挡了淡水的向海扩散,而低潮时淡水易于扩散。低流量下黄河口为垂向均匀混合型,高流量下黄河口混合复杂,水体混合随时空不同而出现高度分层型、部分混合型、垂向均匀混合型三种形式。
2.余流计算表明在黄河口拦门沙下游存在着热盐成因的河口密度环流,环流上支向海流动,下支向陆运动,它对拦门沙地区泥沙汇集起着极其重要的作用。这是首次通过多船同步观察证实黄河口河口环流的存在。
3.拦门沙上游泥沙向NE方向运移,下游泥沙向WNW方向运移,这种泥沙运
Yellow River Delta is located in the transitional zone of the river-sea interaction, where land and sea interact intensely. This area is not only the sink of the materials from Yellow River into the sea, but also the source of the Yellow River material dispersal system into the Bohai Sea. In order to systematically study on the transportation, transformation and the fate of the materials including freshwater, silt, nutrition salts and pollutants from Yellow River into the sea, two synthetic surveys were carried out from 24 August of 2003 to 27 August of 2003 and from 25 September of 2003 to 26 September of 2003 respectively by Ocean University of China supported by the project of mechanism and protection of erosion-deposition of Yellow River Delta, which is part of National 973 Project of China:“Land-sea interaction and its effect on the environment in the typical estuaries and coastal seas of China. Thirteen boats were used in the first time, ten of which were used to carry on synchronous fixed-point observation. 1262 data of temperature and current flow, and 729 data of salinity and 729 data of suspended sediment were obtained totally. In the second time, three boats were used to carry on synchronous fixed-point observation and three cross section observations. In that cruise, 341 data of temperature and current flow, and 208 data of salinity and suspended sediment were obtained totally. In addition, the terrain data of Yellow River Delta from 1960 to 2003 were collected.
In this paper, firstly, the survey data in the Yellow River estuary area during flood and drought are applied to analyze the hydrological characteristics and the characteristics of the sediment during drought and flood, respectively. Freshwater dispersion, fresh-saline water mixing, saltwater intrusion, sediment transportation, estuarine circulation and turbidity maximum are studied in detail. Secondly, the terrain data is applied to calculate the erosion-deposition rate of Yellow River Delta. An EOF&ANN statistical model is developed to describe and forecast the topographic
引文
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