碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的研究
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摘要
热塑性树脂复合材料具有成型简单、生产周期短和可重复利用等优点,成为复合材料的重要分支。碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料(CFR-PA66)除了具有优异的力学性能外,还具有优良的导电性能、耐摩擦性和自润滑性,可用于耐摩擦材料和电磁屏蔽材料,是应用范围广泛,很有应用前景的一种先进材料。
本工作首先对碳纤维进行电化学氧化处理,使得碳纤维表面引入-C-OH或-COOH,然后取一部分纤维经过高温氨气处理引入含氮官能团,这样更利于酸性官能团和氨气反应引入酰胺官能团;分别用两种纤维通过造粒和注塑的方法制备成复合材料样条,通过力学性能测试和结构分析,对比说明含氧官能团和含氮官能团对于碳纤维和尼龙复合材料的界面粘结性的影响。电化学氧化法制得和电化学氧化-氨气处理联合方法制得的碳纤维/尼龙复合材料的弯曲强度分别比未表面处理时碳纤维/尼龙复合材料的提高1.26倍和1.12倍。用XPS分析了碳纤维的表面官能团,并通过碳纤维单丝强度和复合材料样品弯曲强度的测试、复合材料断口形貌分析和界面结合力的理论计算,研究了不同的碳纤维表面官能团对复合材料的增强效果。结果表明含氮官能团和尼龙基体的界面结合力大于含氧官能团;通过摩擦性能测试和结构分析,对比说明不同表面处理方法对于碳纤维和尼龙复合材料的磨损性能影响。研究表明:随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能提高;表面处理提高了复合材料耐磨性能,氨气处理的CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨性能优于电化学氧化法处理的CF增强材料。
CFR-PA66的综合性能不仅与增强相(碳纤维)、基体相(尼龙)有关,更主要依赖于碳纤维和尼龙之间的界面粘结性能。如果界面粘结良好,则可以提高复合材料的综合性能。两相之间界面结合主要靠三种力,即化学键力、范德华力和机械嵌合力;界面性能改善一直是复合材料研究的重点,研究更为有效的表面改性方法来提高碳纤维和树脂基体的界面浸润性和粘结性,对提高碳纤维复合材料的综合性能有非常重要的意义。
Thermoplastic resin composites, as an important branch of composites, can be easily operated, reused and has a short production cycle. In addition to excellent mechanical properties, carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites (CFR-PA66) also have some characters such as excellent conductivity, wear-resistance and self lubrication, which can be used for wear-resistant and electromagnetic shielding materials and it would have a wide range of application.
In this work, carbon fibers were respectively treated by electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation combined with ammonia treatment method. Short carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites were prepared by using twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The flexural strengths of electrochemical oxidation carbon fiber/PA composites and electrochemical oxidation-ammonia carbon fiber/PA composites were enhanced respectively by 1.26 times and 1.12 times comparing with the untreated ones. Functional groups on carbon fiber surface were analyzed by XPS. The strengthenning effects of different surface functional groups on carbon fiber composites materials were studied by single carbon fiber strength test, composite flexural strength test, fracture morphology analysis and the theoretical calculation of interfacial bonding strength. It was also found that the combining strength of nitrogen functional groups in nylon-66 matrix is larger than that of oxygen functional groups. Wear resistance of composites was improved as the carbon fiber volume increases. It also showed that the wear resistance of ammonia treated CF / PA 66 composites was superior to electrochemical oxidation-CF reinforced composites.
Comprehensive performance of CFR-PA66 is decided by not only the reinforcement (carbon fiber), the matrix phase (nylon) but also the interface adhesive properties between carbon fiber and nylon. If the interface adhesive properties are good, the overall performance of the composites can be improved. Interfacial bonding between these two phases mainly depends on three kinds of forces (chemical bonding force, van der Waals force and mechanical interlocking). The improvement of interface performance is the key factor that should be considered during studying the composite materials. It is significant to find a more effective surface modification method in order to improve the interface infiltration and adhesion of carbon fiber Composite materials and the final performance.
本工作首先对碳纤维进行电化学氧化处理,使得碳纤维表面引入-C-OH或-COOH,然后取一部分纤维经过高温氨气处理引入含氮官能团,这样更利于酸性官能团和氨气反应引入酰胺官能团;分别用两种纤维通过造粒和注塑的方法制备成复合材料样条,通过力学性能测试和结构分析,对比说明含氧官能团和含氮官能团对于碳纤维和尼龙复合材料的界面粘结性的影响。电化学氧化法制得和电化学氧化-氨气处理联合方法制得的碳纤维/尼龙复合材料的弯曲强度分别比未表面处理时碳纤维/尼龙复合材料的提高1.26倍和1.12倍。用XPS分析了碳纤维的表面官能团,并通过碳纤维单丝强度和复合材料样品弯曲强度的测试、复合材料断口形貌分析和界面结合力的理论计算,研究了不同的碳纤维表面官能团对复合材料的增强效果。结果表明含氮官能团和尼龙基体的界面结合力大于含氧官能团;通过摩擦性能测试和结构分析,对比说明不同表面处理方法对于碳纤维和尼龙复合材料的磨损性能影响。研究表明:随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能提高;表面处理提高了复合材料耐磨性能,氨气处理的CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨性能优于电化学氧化法处理的CF增强材料。
CFR-PA66的综合性能不仅与增强相(碳纤维)、基体相(尼龙)有关,更主要依赖于碳纤维和尼龙之间的界面粘结性能。如果界面粘结良好,则可以提高复合材料的综合性能。两相之间界面结合主要靠三种力,即化学键力、范德华力和机械嵌合力;界面性能改善一直是复合材料研究的重点,研究更为有效的表面改性方法来提高碳纤维和树脂基体的界面浸润性和粘结性,对提高碳纤维复合材料的综合性能有非常重要的意义。
Thermoplastic resin composites, as an important branch of composites, can be easily operated, reused and has a short production cycle. In addition to excellent mechanical properties, carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites (CFR-PA66) also have some characters such as excellent conductivity, wear-resistance and self lubrication, which can be used for wear-resistant and electromagnetic shielding materials and it would have a wide range of application.
In this work, carbon fibers were respectively treated by electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation combined with ammonia treatment method. Short carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites were prepared by using twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The flexural strengths of electrochemical oxidation carbon fiber/PA composites and electrochemical oxidation-ammonia carbon fiber/PA composites were enhanced respectively by 1.26 times and 1.12 times comparing with the untreated ones. Functional groups on carbon fiber surface were analyzed by XPS. The strengthenning effects of different surface functional groups on carbon fiber composites materials were studied by single carbon fiber strength test, composite flexural strength test, fracture morphology analysis and the theoretical calculation of interfacial bonding strength. It was also found that the combining strength of nitrogen functional groups in nylon-66 matrix is larger than that of oxygen functional groups. Wear resistance of composites was improved as the carbon fiber volume increases. It also showed that the wear resistance of ammonia treated CF / PA 66 composites was superior to electrochemical oxidation-CF reinforced composites.
Comprehensive performance of CFR-PA66 is decided by not only the reinforcement (carbon fiber), the matrix phase (nylon) but also the interface adhesive properties between carbon fiber and nylon. If the interface adhesive properties are good, the overall performance of the composites can be improved. Interfacial bonding between these two phases mainly depends on three kinds of forces (chemical bonding force, van der Waals force and mechanical interlocking). The improvement of interface performance is the key factor that should be considered during studying the composite materials. It is significant to find a more effective surface modification method in order to improve the interface infiltration and adhesion of carbon fiber Composite materials and the final performance.
引文
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