青平川油田注水开发动态监测与评价
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摘要
用注水开发来弥补地层天然能量的不足是油田开发的一种常用手段。注水开发的引入,也给油田开发技术人员带来了诸如储层平面非均质性的方向确定、层间非均质程度的确定、注水大孔道的确定等新的问题。示踪剂动态监测技术从注水井注入示踪剂,以注入水为载体,通过监测注入水的流动速度、流动方向、流动路线等参数和指标,能够给解决油田注水开发中问题的解决提供思路和参考。青平川油田勘探始于60年代初,油层处于三迭系上统第四段延长组长2油层组,该层具有埋藏浅,低压低渗,物性差,自然能量低、非均质性严重的特点。经过四年的注水开发,取得了很大的成效,但注水技术政策界限仍在进一步摸索中,因为很多问题的困扰而无法进行高效的注水开发。本文通过对示踪剂渗流原理的研究并对青平川油田长2地层性质分析,筛选出了方便、经济、适用的示踪剂。对青平川油田长2油层5个注水井组进行了示踪剂监测试验,通过分析示踪剂采出曲线,确定了注水大孔道,并做出注入水突破速度示意图,形象地反映了注入水的流速流向。通过以上研究,基本揭示了该油藏的油水运动规律和渗流特征,对油田注水开发中问题的解决指明了方向,对现场实际注采工作提供了明确的指导,为今后开发调整提供了可靠的依据。
Water injection is one of important methods for supplement of natural energy for oil development. Howerver, a lot of new problems have been met during water injection, such as direction of reservoir heterogeneity and degree of reservoir heterogeneity as well as distribution of macroscopic throats of porosity. Tracer dynamic monitoring technology has been used to trace injected water by means of mixture tracer into water injection well. It can give new ideas and information by monitoring water flow velocity, direction, path and other parameters and indicators of injected water during oil development. Qingpingchuan oil field developed at early 1960s, whose oil reservoir is Chang 2 sandstone of Upper Triassic Yanchang Group. The oil reservoir featured with shallow burial depth, low pressure. low permeability and low natural energy. Its heterogeneity is serious.Development technology of water injection has been used for four years and great progress has been got. But many water injection parameters are still unknown because of a lot of troubled problems of water injection. In this paper, a kind of convenient, applicable and inexpensive tracer has been screened out via the study on the principle of tracer flowing and the analysis on the characteristic of Chang 2 oil reservoir of Qingpingchuan oil field. Tracer monitoring experiments were taken on five water injection well groups. Schematic diagram of variation of injected water with time and water injection speed have been investigated, which reflected that water flow velocity and flow direction of injected water are variable. The study reveals water flow characteristics of oil reservoir and lead to right direction for deal with solutions of water injection development of oil fields. It also guide water injection in the coming development period.
Water injection is one of important methods for supplement of natural energy for oil development. Howerver, a lot of new problems have been met during water injection, such as direction of reservoir heterogeneity and degree of reservoir heterogeneity as well as distribution of macroscopic throats of porosity. Tracer dynamic monitoring technology has been used to trace injected water by means of mixture tracer into water injection well. It can give new ideas and information by monitoring water flow velocity, direction, path and other parameters and indicators of injected water during oil development. Qingpingchuan oil field developed at early 1960s, whose oil reservoir is Chang 2 sandstone of Upper Triassic Yanchang Group. The oil reservoir featured with shallow burial depth, low pressure. low permeability and low natural energy. Its heterogeneity is serious.Development technology of water injection has been used for four years and great progress has been got. But many water injection parameters are still unknown because of a lot of troubled problems of water injection. In this paper, a kind of convenient, applicable and inexpensive tracer has been screened out via the study on the principle of tracer flowing and the analysis on the characteristic of Chang 2 oil reservoir of Qingpingchuan oil field. Tracer monitoring experiments were taken on five water injection well groups. Schematic diagram of variation of injected water with time and water injection speed have been investigated, which reflected that water flow velocity and flow direction of injected water are variable. The study reveals water flow characteristics of oil reservoir and lead to right direction for deal with solutions of water injection development of oil fields. It also guide water injection in the coming development period.
引文
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[2]郑克勋.地下水人工化学连通示踪理论及试验方法研究[D].河海大学地质及岩土工程系,2007
[3]宋吉水,王岩楼,廖广志等.井间示踪技术.北京：石油工业出版社,2003.1-17,88-119
[4]丁瑞香,张泰山,周伟生.油田示踪剂技术[Jl.工业水处理,2007,08,27(8)：12-15
[5]王震,丁辉.延安地区长6油层组裂缝特征研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,02,36(1)：125-128
[6]何春雨.国内外示踪剂的发展现状[J]内蒙古石油化工,2009,12：62-63
[7]高峰,油田新型示踪剂的研究与应用.大庆石油学院硕士论文[D].2007,05,10
[8]刘瑞,杨广军,张士成等.井间示踪剂技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油工业技术监督,2004,03：8-10
[9]赵国喻.井间示踪剂技术在油田生产中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,08,26(4)：92-95
[10]李臣,方志斌,刘春兰等.示踪剂在沙砾岩油藏中的开发应用[J].新疆石油地质,2005,02,26(1)：99-101
[11]尹庆文,潘淑琴,董福印.大孔道地层注水剖面测井技术.测井技术,1999,23(2)：146-149
[12]蒲建,王新生,宋学军,等.大张坨凝析气藏循环注气开发的井间示踪剂监测技术[J].石油天然气科学,2007,18(2)：303-306
[13]秦百平.低渗透油藏储层精细描述与剩余油分布规律.西北大学硕士论文[D].2005,06,01
[14]张毅,姜瑞忠,郑小泉.井间示踪剂分析技术[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2)：76-78,83
[15]姜瑞忠,姜汉桥,杨双虎.多种示踪剂井间分析技术[J].石油学报,1996,07,17(3)：85-91
[16]荆国林,李益强,杨晶.分光光度法测定示踪剂硫氰酸铵的浓度[J].油田化学,2000,17(1)：191-192
[17]马风山,七区中注聚区窜聚规律及防窜工艺研究.中国石油大学硕士论文[D].2007,04,01
[18]程富利.喇嘛甸油田二类油层聚合物驱油试验研究.大庆石油学院硕士论文[D].2008,05,10
[19]谷元伟.大庆油田北二西储层非均质性及剩余油分布研究[D].东北石油大学硕士论文,201,06,05
[20]陈月明,姜汉桥.井间示踪剂检测技术在油藏非均质性描述中应用[J].1994,(7).