三峡库区县乡公路桥梁实用加固处治技术开发
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摘要
桥梁是公路的咽喉,是连接道路网的重要环节,在交通中起着至关重要的作用。随着我国国民经济和交通事业的发展,交通量的迅猛增加,我国部分桥梁己进入养护周期。三峡库区早期建设的众多石拱桥经过近二、三十年的营运,其病害问题日趋突出,危旧石拱桥加固处治需求与日俱增,因此研究出供桥梁管理部门做加固决策依据的石拱桥加固处治专家系统具有重大的现实意义和实用价值。
本论文针对三峡库区县乡公路石拱桥加固处治专家系统展开研究。首先,对石拱桥中常见病害分主拱圈、拱上建筑和墩台基础进行说明,分析了病害的特征和形成原因,并说明了其危害性,这些为石拱桥科学、合理地选择加固技术与施工方法提供了依据;其次,从石拱桥病害出发,分石拱桥上部结构和下部结构分别介绍了常用的加固处治技术,详细介绍了每种加固技术的加固机理、适用条件、优缺点等方面,提出了方案择优,综合治理的加固理念;再次,对加固后的桥梁提出了强度评价指标和刚度评价指标,将对石拱桥加固分析和设计、加固施工过程分析和优化桥梁全过程的技术和效益评价起指导作用。最后,在上述分析基础上结合人工智能专家系统方法,构建了石拱桥加固处治专家系统,并通过对典型石拱桥加固处治技术经济指标的分析验证了专家系统的可行性。
论文将人工智能专家系统运用于桥梁加固技术,通过建立石拱桥加固处治专家系统来代替桥梁专家对危旧桥梁进行初步分析、决策,对促进桥梁管理工作向智能化发展起到积极的推动作用。
Bridge is a very important part of transportation, a significant chain to connect the road net. With the development of our national economy and highway transportation, rapid increase of traffic amount, bridges have entered into the maintenance periods. The deterioration and maintenance bridges have become major concerns. It is of great significance that to develop practical reinforcement and treatment technology for the old dangerous bridges which had existed security risks.
In this paper, a large number of stone arch bridges are studied on the roads of county and township in Three Gorges Reservoir. First of all, explained the common diseases of the stone arch bridge from the main arch, Spandrel Construction and pier and abutment, on the basis of that analyzed the characteristics of the disease and the formation reasons as well as its harmful. Such provided a basis for choosing rational reinforcement technology and construction methods .Secondly, introduced the reinforcement treatment technologies commonly used at the lower part of the structure and the upper part of the structure based on the disease of the stone arch bridge. Detailed information of the reinforcement mechanism, applicable conditions and the advantages and disadvantages on each kind of reinforcement technology had been done. And proposed the idea of optimization of scheme and comprehensive treatments. The third, intensity indices and rigidity indices of the reinforced bridge, which will play an instructive role in the technology and benefit of analysis and design of reinforced, construction process analysis of reinforced and the entire process of bridge optimization for the stone arch bridge. Finally, through the analysis of technical and economic indicators of treatment on the typical Stone arch bridge, combined with the most active areas of expert system at artificial intelligence research fields in the current, a stone arch bridge treatment expert system with expert analysis and decision-making functions had been set up. This had offered great convincement for the management workers of bridge.
The research of the thesis, artificial intelligence expert system was creatively applied to bridge reinforcement technology. through the establishment of reinforcement and treatment expert system of stone arch bridge to replace the preliminary analysis and the decision-making to the danger old bridge of bridge experts. This will play a positive role in promoting the bridge management to develop towards intellectualization.
本论文针对三峡库区县乡公路石拱桥加固处治专家系统展开研究。首先,对石拱桥中常见病害分主拱圈、拱上建筑和墩台基础进行说明,分析了病害的特征和形成原因,并说明了其危害性,这些为石拱桥科学、合理地选择加固技术与施工方法提供了依据;其次,从石拱桥病害出发,分石拱桥上部结构和下部结构分别介绍了常用的加固处治技术,详细介绍了每种加固技术的加固机理、适用条件、优缺点等方面,提出了方案择优,综合治理的加固理念;再次,对加固后的桥梁提出了强度评价指标和刚度评价指标,将对石拱桥加固分析和设计、加固施工过程分析和优化桥梁全过程的技术和效益评价起指导作用。最后,在上述分析基础上结合人工智能专家系统方法,构建了石拱桥加固处治专家系统,并通过对典型石拱桥加固处治技术经济指标的分析验证了专家系统的可行性。
论文将人工智能专家系统运用于桥梁加固技术,通过建立石拱桥加固处治专家系统来代替桥梁专家对危旧桥梁进行初步分析、决策,对促进桥梁管理工作向智能化发展起到积极的推动作用。
Bridge is a very important part of transportation, a significant chain to connect the road net. With the development of our national economy and highway transportation, rapid increase of traffic amount, bridges have entered into the maintenance periods. The deterioration and maintenance bridges have become major concerns. It is of great significance that to develop practical reinforcement and treatment technology for the old dangerous bridges which had existed security risks.
In this paper, a large number of stone arch bridges are studied on the roads of county and township in Three Gorges Reservoir. First of all, explained the common diseases of the stone arch bridge from the main arch, Spandrel Construction and pier and abutment, on the basis of that analyzed the characteristics of the disease and the formation reasons as well as its harmful. Such provided a basis for choosing rational reinforcement technology and construction methods .Secondly, introduced the reinforcement treatment technologies commonly used at the lower part of the structure and the upper part of the structure based on the disease of the stone arch bridge. Detailed information of the reinforcement mechanism, applicable conditions and the advantages and disadvantages on each kind of reinforcement technology had been done. And proposed the idea of optimization of scheme and comprehensive treatments. The third, intensity indices and rigidity indices of the reinforced bridge, which will play an instructive role in the technology and benefit of analysis and design of reinforced, construction process analysis of reinforced and the entire process of bridge optimization for the stone arch bridge. Finally, through the analysis of technical and economic indicators of treatment on the typical Stone arch bridge, combined with the most active areas of expert system at artificial intelligence research fields in the current, a stone arch bridge treatment expert system with expert analysis and decision-making functions had been set up. This had offered great convincement for the management workers of bridge.
The research of the thesis, artificial intelligence expert system was creatively applied to bridge reinforcement technology. through the establishment of reinforcement and treatment expert system of stone arch bridge to replace the preliminary analysis and the decision-making to the danger old bridge of bridge experts. This will play a positive role in promoting the bridge management to develop towards intellectualization.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国交通部.2005年公路水路交通行业发展统计公报.2005
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.第二次全国公路普查主要数据公报.2002.2
[3]郭福波.美国的旧桥改造工作.中外公路.2003.6.23 (4). 47～49页
[4]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固.第1版.人民交通出版社.1994.9
[5]刘钱.浅谈旧桥加固的原则和方法.黑龙江信息科技.2007.9
[6]刘来君.桥梁加固设计与施工技术.第1版.人民交通出版社.2004.3
[7]张开鹏,蒋玉龙等.桥梁加固的发展与展望.公路.2005.8(8)
[8]杨文渊等.桥梁维修与加固.第一版.北京.人民交通出版社.1984
[9]李国雄.浅析混凝土结构加固技术现状与展望.国外建筑材料科技.2006.27(3)
[10]卜良桃.高性能复合砂浆钢筋网(HPF)加固混凝土结构新技术.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2007
[11]黄良.公路桥梁加固技术探讨.广西大学学报(自然科学版)第31卷增刊.2006.6
[12]陶忠,于清.FRP约束混凝土柱发展现状简述.工业建筑.第35卷第9期.2005
[13]张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.北京.中国铁道出版社.1992
[14]叶景楼等.人工智能专家系统程序设计.沈阳:辽宁大学出版社.1999
[15]蔡自兴.智能控制/Intelligent Control.北京.国防工业出版社.1998
[16]王子军.在役桥梁可靠性评估及加固方案优选研究[学位论文].长安大学.2004.6
[17] DoT.The Assessment of Highway Bridges and Structures [J] .Department of Transport.London.1993
[18] Hitoshi Furuta,P.The Pontis Bridge Management System [J]. Structural Engineering Review.1995.7(3).151-163
[19] J.de Brito, Eiichi Watanabe. A Fuzzy Expert System for Damage Assessment Using Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks [J] .Joural of Computing in Civil Engineering.1996.11: 37-45
[20] Hitoshi Furuta, YD.Research on Reliability-based Assessment of Existing Bridge Structures [R].Imperial College.London.1995
[21] de Brito, J.Branco, F.A,Christensen,P.T,Sresen,J.D.An Expert System for Concrete Bridge Management [J] .Engineering Structures.1997.19 (7) .519-526
[22] H.G.Melhem,J,Bran co, F.A,Ibanez,M.A Knowledge-based System for Concrete Bridge Inspection [J].Concrete Intl-Design Constar.1994.16(2).59-63
[23] Senaka Aturaliya,Wu,J.H,Liang, C.H.Applying fuzzy Mathematics to Evaluating the Membership of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges in Taibei [J] .Journal of Marine Science and Technology.2000(1).16-29
[24]叶培伦.俞亚南.应用层次分析法评判混凝土桥梁综合性能[J].华东公路.2000. (5)18-20
[25]宋雨.文晖大桥健康监测与评估管理系统主要问题研究[D].杭州.浙江大学.2003
[26]张佩旭.双曲拱旧桥的多级模糊综合评定方法[J].交通科技.2005 (5)
[27]王永平,汪培庄.应用模糊数学[M].北京.首都经济贸易大学出版社.1998
[28]潘黎明.大型桥梁结构安全性与耐久性综合评价研究[D].上海.同济大学.1997
[29]中交公路规划设计院主编.公路圬工桥涵设计规范(JTG D61-2005.北京.人民交通出版社.2005
[30]润水等.公路旧桥加固技术与实例.1版.北京.人民交通出版社.2002.1
[31]庞国栋.增设复合钢筋混凝土拱板加固技术研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2007.4
[32]刘思孟.钢筋砼套箍封闭主拱圈加固拱桥技术研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2004.4
[33]郭喜平.高压旋喷注浆法在黄土地区公路软基处理中的应用研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2004.12
[34]张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.北京.中国铁道出版社.1992
[35]叶景楼等.人工智能专家系统程序设计.沈阳.辽宁大学出版社.1999
[36]蔡自兴.智能控制/Intelligent Control.北京.国防工业出版社.1998.37-40
[37]吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统.北京.国防科技大学出版社
[38]王树林,袁志宏.专家系统设计原理.北京.北京科技出版社.1991
[39]王克宏,汤志忠,胡蓬等编著.知识工程与知识处理系统.北京.清华大学出版社.1994
[40]马立兴,顾学春.数据库与知识库的结合策略.计算机科学.1988.6.14-19
[41]刘庆阳.石拱桥安全性鉴定模式研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2007.4
[42]刘庆阳.增大截面法加固石拱桥最小加固层厚度.重庆交通大学学报.2008.27
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.第二次全国公路普查主要数据公报.2002.2
[3]郭福波.美国的旧桥改造工作.中外公路.2003.6.23 (4). 47～49页
[4]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固.第1版.人民交通出版社.1994.9
[5]刘钱.浅谈旧桥加固的原则和方法.黑龙江信息科技.2007.9
[6]刘来君.桥梁加固设计与施工技术.第1版.人民交通出版社.2004.3
[7]张开鹏,蒋玉龙等.桥梁加固的发展与展望.公路.2005.8(8)
[8]杨文渊等.桥梁维修与加固.第一版.北京.人民交通出版社.1984
[9]李国雄.浅析混凝土结构加固技术现状与展望.国外建筑材料科技.2006.27(3)
[10]卜良桃.高性能复合砂浆钢筋网(HPF)加固混凝土结构新技术.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2007
[11]黄良.公路桥梁加固技术探讨.广西大学学报(自然科学版)第31卷增刊.2006.6
[12]陶忠,于清.FRP约束混凝土柱发展现状简述.工业建筑.第35卷第9期.2005
[13]张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.北京.中国铁道出版社.1992
[14]叶景楼等.人工智能专家系统程序设计.沈阳:辽宁大学出版社.1999
[15]蔡自兴.智能控制/Intelligent Control.北京.国防工业出版社.1998
[16]王子军.在役桥梁可靠性评估及加固方案优选研究[学位论文].长安大学.2004.6
[17] DoT.The Assessment of Highway Bridges and Structures [J] .Department of Transport.London.1993
[18] Hitoshi Furuta,P.The Pontis Bridge Management System [J]. Structural Engineering Review.1995.7(3).151-163
[19] J.de Brito, Eiichi Watanabe. A Fuzzy Expert System for Damage Assessment Using Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks [J] .Joural of Computing in Civil Engineering.1996.11: 37-45
[20] Hitoshi Furuta, YD.Research on Reliability-based Assessment of Existing Bridge Structures [R].Imperial College.London.1995
[21] de Brito, J.Branco, F.A,Christensen,P.T,Sresen,J.D.An Expert System for Concrete Bridge Management [J] .Engineering Structures.1997.19 (7) .519-526
[22] H.G.Melhem,J,Bran co, F.A,Ibanez,M.A Knowledge-based System for Concrete Bridge Inspection [J].Concrete Intl-Design Constar.1994.16(2).59-63
[23] Senaka Aturaliya,Wu,J.H,Liang, C.H.Applying fuzzy Mathematics to Evaluating the Membership of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges in Taibei [J] .Journal of Marine Science and Technology.2000(1).16-29
[24]叶培伦.俞亚南.应用层次分析法评判混凝土桥梁综合性能[J].华东公路.2000. (5)18-20
[25]宋雨.文晖大桥健康监测与评估管理系统主要问题研究[D].杭州.浙江大学.2003
[26]张佩旭.双曲拱旧桥的多级模糊综合评定方法[J].交通科技.2005 (5)
[27]王永平,汪培庄.应用模糊数学[M].北京.首都经济贸易大学出版社.1998
[28]潘黎明.大型桥梁结构安全性与耐久性综合评价研究[D].上海.同济大学.1997
[29]中交公路规划设计院主编.公路圬工桥涵设计规范(JTG D61-2005.北京.人民交通出版社.2005
[30]润水等.公路旧桥加固技术与实例.1版.北京.人民交通出版社.2002.1
[31]庞国栋.增设复合钢筋混凝土拱板加固技术研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2007.4
[32]刘思孟.钢筋砼套箍封闭主拱圈加固拱桥技术研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2004.4
[33]郭喜平.高压旋喷注浆法在黄土地区公路软基处理中的应用研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2004.12
[34]张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.北京.中国铁道出版社.1992
[35]叶景楼等.人工智能专家系统程序设计.沈阳.辽宁大学出版社.1999
[36]蔡自兴.智能控制/Intelligent Control.北京.国防工业出版社.1998.37-40
[37]吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统.北京.国防科技大学出版社
[38]王树林,袁志宏.专家系统设计原理.北京.北京科技出版社.1991
[39]王克宏,汤志忠,胡蓬等编著.知识工程与知识处理系统.北京.清华大学出版社.1994
[40]马立兴,顾学春.数据库与知识库的结合策略.计算机科学.1988.6.14-19
[41]刘庆阳.石拱桥安全性鉴定模式研究. [学位论文] .重庆交通大学.2007.4
[42]刘庆阳.增大截面法加固石拱桥最小加固层厚度.重庆交通大学学报.2008.27