洗涤方式的研究及新型家用洗碗机的研制
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摘要
随着人们生活品质的提高和工作节奏的加快，人们选择家电的标准也由原来的单一追求功能实现而逐步转向以节能、安全、环保为根本目标。改革开放以来，我国家电产品普及程度已经相当高，然而家用洗碗机却一直是一块存在巨大市场潜力而又未被开发的领域。这主要是由于传统的洗碗机产品不能适应中餐餐具的洗涤要求，并且洗涤时间长，能耗大。针对这种问题，提出将超声清洗技术应用于家用洗碗机领域，开发出一款节能环保型家用超声洗碗机。
针对超声清洗和餐具洗涤各自的特点，以及使用要求，对这款洗碗机在整体结构、洗涤工艺、自动控制三个方面做出了全新的设计。
结构方面，采用不锈钢清洗槽；通过对超声系统、多方位喷淋系统和水位控制系统的设计，使结构更紧凑、易控制，且清洗效果更好；
洗涤工艺方面，通过铝箔腐蚀法，分析超声洗涤槽内的相对空化强度，给超声清洗参数的选择提供依据，继而通过正交试验优选出超声洗涤参数和洗涤流程，最后选定超声功率300w、扫频、清洗时间9min、室温以及由45℃热水冲洗(5min)→超声洗(9min)→60℃水冲洗(5min)的洗涤流程为最佳洗涤流程。
自动控制方面，选择使用AT89S52单片机为控制核心，以各个部件的作用时间为逻辑顺序，实现了洗涤过程的智能化控制。
With the development of standard of living and quickening of working rhythm, the criterion to choose electrical household appliances has been changed from only pursuing functional realization primarily to regarding energy-conservation, security, environmental protection as basic goal, progressively. Since the reform and opening-up, the popularization of our electrical household products has already reached to quite high degree. However, the field of home dishwasher has had enormous market potential but undeveloped field all the time. It is mainly because the traditional dishwasher products can't meet the needs of washing of Chinese tableware, washing time is long and energy consumption is great. Aimed at these problems, ultrasonic cleaning technology is applied in the field of home dishwasher. And an ultrasonic dishwasher with energy-conservation and environmental protection was encouraged to research and develop.
Aimed at the characteristics of ultrasonic rinse and tableware cleaning and the instructions for use, a bran-new design is made in three aspects of the dishwasher: the bulk structure, washing technique, automatic control.
In the aspect of structure, the cleaning trough is made of the stainless steel; structure is more compact, control is easier and the cleaning effect is better through the designs of ultrasonic system, multi-orientation spray system and the control system of water level;
In the aspect of cleaning technique, the intensity of relative cavitation in the cleaning trough is analyzed by the method of corroding aluminum foil, which provided the basis for the choice of ultrasonic cleaning parameter. Then ultrasonic cleaning parameter and cleaning procedure are confirmed excellently through the method of orthogonal experimental design. The best parameter is ultrasonic power 300w, swept, cleaning time 9 min, room temperature and the cleaning procedure is: sprinkling with 45 C hot water(5 min.)-rinse with ultrasonic(9 min.) -sprinkling with 60 C hot water(5 min.);
In the aspect of automatic control, AT89S52 is chosen as the core of the control and the working time of every assembly unit is used as logic order. So the intellectualized control of washing process is realized.
针对超声清洗和餐具洗涤各自的特点，以及使用要求，对这款洗碗机在整体结构、洗涤工艺、自动控制三个方面做出了全新的设计。
结构方面，采用不锈钢清洗槽；通过对超声系统、多方位喷淋系统和水位控制系统的设计，使结构更紧凑、易控制，且清洗效果更好；
洗涤工艺方面，通过铝箔腐蚀法，分析超声洗涤槽内的相对空化强度，给超声清洗参数的选择提供依据，继而通过正交试验优选出超声洗涤参数和洗涤流程，最后选定超声功率300w、扫频、清洗时间9min、室温以及由45℃热水冲洗(5min)→超声洗(9min)→60℃水冲洗(5min)的洗涤流程为最佳洗涤流程。
自动控制方面，选择使用AT89S52单片机为控制核心，以各个部件的作用时间为逻辑顺序，实现了洗涤过程的智能化控制。
With the development of standard of living and quickening of working rhythm, the criterion to choose electrical household appliances has been changed from only pursuing functional realization primarily to regarding energy-conservation, security, environmental protection as basic goal, progressively. Since the reform and opening-up, the popularization of our electrical household products has already reached to quite high degree. However, the field of home dishwasher has had enormous market potential but undeveloped field all the time. It is mainly because the traditional dishwasher products can't meet the needs of washing of Chinese tableware, washing time is long and energy consumption is great. Aimed at these problems, ultrasonic cleaning technology is applied in the field of home dishwasher. And an ultrasonic dishwasher with energy-conservation and environmental protection was encouraged to research and develop.
Aimed at the characteristics of ultrasonic rinse and tableware cleaning and the instructions for use, a bran-new design is made in three aspects of the dishwasher: the bulk structure, washing technique, automatic control.
In the aspect of structure, the cleaning trough is made of the stainless steel; structure is more compact, control is easier and the cleaning effect is better through the designs of ultrasonic system, multi-orientation spray system and the control system of water level;
In the aspect of cleaning technique, the intensity of relative cavitation in the cleaning trough is analyzed by the method of corroding aluminum foil, which provided the basis for the choice of ultrasonic cleaning parameter. Then ultrasonic cleaning parameter and cleaning procedure are confirmed excellently through the method of orthogonal experimental design. The best parameter is ultrasonic power 300w, swept, cleaning time 9 min, room temperature and the cleaning procedure is: sprinkling with 45 C hot water(5 min.)-rinse with ultrasonic(9 min.) -sprinkling with 60 C hot water(5 min.);
In the aspect of automatic control, AT89S52 is chosen as the core of the control and the working time of every assembly unit is used as logic order. So the intellectualized control of washing process is realized.
引文
[1] 谁能叩开洗碗机消费市场之门．家用电器科技，2000(9)：22
[2] 姜宝港编著．智能家用电器原理与维修．北京：机械工业出版社．2002：141-149
[3] 屏文．家务劳动的得力助手洗碗机．家用电器，1993(1)：12-14
[4] Whirlpool chooses Santoprene TPV for next generation dishwashers. Focus on SurfactantsVol: 2003, issue: 3, March, 2003:4
[5] 京讯．全自动家用洗碗机．家用电器，1999(2)：19-20
[6] 庄开达．家用洗碗机的外观与工业设计．家用电器科技，2002(3)：41-42
[7] 华南情．美国市场上流行的模糊控制洗碗机．家用电器科技，1996(4)：8
[8] Bosch Siemens Home Appliance. http://www.siemens-ha.com.cn/english/produkteloesungen. 2002/10/30
[9] 任建新主编．物理清洗．北京：化学工业出版社，2000：322-383
[10] 周德麟．超声波洗衣机清洗的机理和结构的探讨．家用电器科技，2002(6)：72-76
[11] Shibano, Y.. Ultrasonic Cleaning Apparatus. Metal Finishing . Vol: 95, Issue: 12, December, 1997: 76
[12] 林仲茂、方启平．超声波清洗(Ⅲ)．化学清洗，1998，14(6)：44-46
[13] 余永权编著．ATMEL89系列单片机应用技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．4
[14] 穆大明、陈永红．不间断电源的选用与维护．实验室研究与探索．1996，03：84-85
[15] 王幸之、王雷、翟成等编著．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．12
[16] 易英欣．MCS-51系列单片机主动抗干扰技术．信息技术，2001(2)：17-18
[17] 洪明．新型智能洗胃机的研制与开发：[学位论文]；浙江大学图书馆，2002．6
[18] 楼然苗、李光飞编著．51系列单片机设计实例．北京：北京航空航天大学
出版社，2003．3
[19] Darlington Transistor Array. Texas Instruments. http://www.21icsearch.com.
[20] 王敏．洗碗机电气电路控制设计．家用电器科技，1996(1)：26-27
[21] 陈志强．单片机全自动洗碗机控制器．微计算机信息，1995(1)：47-51
[22] 牛轶霞．、宋吉江、孙政顺．．家用电器中的大功率部件单片机驱动接口．半导体技术，1999(5)：56-58
[23] 谢宜仁主编．单片机实用技术问答．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．2
[24] TLP52. TOSHIBA America Electronic Components, Inc. http://www. 21icsearch.com
[25] L7805CV. ST Microelectronics. http://www. 21icsearch.com
[26] 克强．用AT89C2051单片机制作洗衣机控制电路．电子世界，2001(3)：35，39-40
[27] 房小翠、王金凤等编著．单片机实用系统设计技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1999．6
[28] 余家春编著．Protel 99 SE电路设计实用教程．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002．12
[29] 何信龙、李雪银编著．PIC16C7X入门与应用范例．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．7
[30] 王晓明 曾红 编著．单片机教程．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2001．12
[31] 李朝青主编．单片机&DSP外围数字IC技术手册．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．1
[32] 武庆生编著．单片机及其应用．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．9
[33] 沈长生编著．常用电子元器件使用—读通．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．4
[34] 赵学泉、张国华等编著．电源电路．北京：电子工业出版社出版，1995．3
[2] 姜宝港编著．智能家用电器原理与维修．北京：机械工业出版社．2002：141-149
[3] 屏文．家务劳动的得力助手洗碗机．家用电器，1993(1)：12-14
[4] Whirlpool chooses Santoprene TPV for next generation dishwashers. Focus on SurfactantsVol: 2003, issue: 3, March, 2003:4
[5] 京讯．全自动家用洗碗机．家用电器，1999(2)：19-20
[6] 庄开达．家用洗碗机的外观与工业设计．家用电器科技，2002(3)：41-42
[7] 华南情．美国市场上流行的模糊控制洗碗机．家用电器科技，1996(4)：8
[8] Bosch Siemens Home Appliance. http://www.siemens-ha.com.cn/english/produkteloesungen. 2002/10/30
[9] 任建新主编．物理清洗．北京：化学工业出版社，2000：322-383
[10] 周德麟．超声波洗衣机清洗的机理和结构的探讨．家用电器科技，2002(6)：72-76
[11] Shibano, Y.. Ultrasonic Cleaning Apparatus. Metal Finishing . Vol: 95, Issue: 12, December, 1997: 76
[12] 林仲茂、方启平．超声波清洗(Ⅲ)．化学清洗，1998，14(6)：44-46
[13] 余永权编著．ATMEL89系列单片机应用技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．4
[14] 穆大明、陈永红．不间断电源的选用与维护．实验室研究与探索．1996，03：84-85
[15] 王幸之、王雷、翟成等编著．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．12
[16] 易英欣．MCS-51系列单片机主动抗干扰技术．信息技术，2001(2)：17-18
[17] 洪明．新型智能洗胃机的研制与开发：[学位论文]；浙江大学图书馆，2002．6
[18] 楼然苗、李光飞编著．51系列单片机设计实例．北京：北京航空航天大学
出版社，2003．3
[19] Darlington Transistor Array. Texas Instruments. http://www.21icsearch.com.
[20] 王敏．洗碗机电气电路控制设计．家用电器科技，1996(1)：26-27
[21] 陈志强．单片机全自动洗碗机控制器．微计算机信息，1995(1)：47-51
[22] 牛轶霞．、宋吉江、孙政顺．．家用电器中的大功率部件单片机驱动接口．半导体技术，1999(5)：56-58
[23] 谢宜仁主编．单片机实用技术问答．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．2
[24] TLP52. TOSHIBA America Electronic Components, Inc. http://www. 21icsearch.com
[25] L7805CV. ST Microelectronics. http://www. 21icsearch.com
[26] 克强．用AT89C2051单片机制作洗衣机控制电路．电子世界，2001(3)：35，39-40
[27] 房小翠、王金凤等编著．单片机实用系统设计技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1999．6
[28] 余家春编著．Protel 99 SE电路设计实用教程．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002．12
[29] 何信龙、李雪银编著．PIC16C7X入门与应用范例．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．7
[30] 王晓明 曾红 编著．单片机教程．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2001．12
[31] 李朝青主编．单片机&DSP外围数字IC技术手册．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．1
[32] 武庆生编著．单片机及其应用．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．9
[33] 沈长生编著．常用电子元器件使用—读通．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．4
[34] 赵学泉、张国华等编著．电源电路．北京：电子工业出版社出版，1995．3