西昆仑塔县—康西瓦构造带印支期变质、岩浆作用及布伦阔勒岩群的形成时代
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摘要
西昆仑造山带是中国造山带的重要组成部分,是研究特提斯构造演化的关键区域。康西瓦构造带是区内一条重要的构造界线,沿康西瓦构造带分布有类型多样的高压变质岩石、大量的花岗岩和不同时代的沉积地层,作为西昆仑造山带演化的产物,保存了丰富的信息,是解译西昆仑造山带演化、特别是在印支期演化的载体。本论文选取塔县(塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县)—康西瓦一带的高压变质岩、印支期花岗岩和主要的沉积地层三个方面的内容,为深入讨论康西瓦构造带的形成时代、属性和演化提供约束。
对塔县-康西瓦高压变质岩的研究选取了区内出露的麻粒岩,在岩相学和矿物成分研究的基础上,划分了变质矿物期次,并利用Thermocalc(3.33)程序重点对高压泥质麻粒岩、高压基性麻粒岩和石榴石辉石岩三类高压变质岩进行了相图模拟,建立了P-T视剖面图,通过划分的矿物期次和矿物等值线两方面限定不同变质期次矿物组合对应的P-T条件,并结合年代学研究,得到它们的P-T-t轨迹。这三类岩石均具有顺时针型的P-T-t轨迹,早期退变质P-T轨迹为等温降压的过程,反映了岩石早期经历了快速折返的过程,晚期退变质P-T轨迹是降温降压的过程,普遍经历了后期角闪岩相退变质事件,反映其经历了再次抬升。通过系统的锆石定年,确认高压麻粒岩的峰期变质时代介于220-250Ma,为印支期,早期麻粒岩相的退变质时代约为220Ma,晚期角闪岩相的退变质时代约为180-190Ma。
对塔县-康西瓦的花岗岩的研究重点选取了胜利桥-麻扎-三十里营房-康西瓦一线出露的印支期花岗岩体,在岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究的基础上,重点讨论了印支期花岗岩的源岩性质、形成条件以及它们与康西瓦构造带演化之间的响应关系。结合区域构造背景将沿麻扎-康西瓦一线分布的花岗岩分为四期：第一期可能对应于洋壳俯冲阶段,时代约为251Ma；第二期可能对应于陆-陆碰撞造山引起的陆壳加厚阶段,时代约为242Ma；第三期可能对应于俯冲板片断离后的陆壳折返阶段,时代可能为223～231Ma；第四期可能形成于造山后期的伸展背景,形成时代为185-215Ma。
对塔县-康西瓦的沉积地层的研究重点选取了争议较多、经济贡献大,同时也是区内分布最广泛的布伦阔勒岩群作为研究对象,从北到南选取了布伦口铜厂沟剖面、孜落依铁矿剖面、塔县-班迪尔剖面和赞坎铁矿剖面,这四个剖面相隔上百公里,基本覆盖了布伦阔勒岩群的分布范围,通过实测剖面,查明物质组成,选取典型定年样品,限定各剖面地层的形成时代,结合前人研究确认布伦阔勒岩群不存在古元古代地层,原划的布伦阔勒岩群地层包含有新元古代、早古生代和二叠纪地层,其中元古代-早古生代沉积地层包括赞坎铁矿、老并铁矿、孜落依铁矿等原划为布伦阔勒岩群的地层,二叠纪地层主要出露于塔县东,未见顶底,可能与高压变质岩石一起构成了俯冲碰撞杂岩。根据地层的物质组成、层序特征、变质变形特征、演化特征和形成时代将原划的布伦阔勒岩群初步重新划分为两个部分：新元古代-早古生代沉积地层和俯冲碰撞杂岩带。
结合康西瓦构造带塔县高压麻粒岩和印支期花岗岩的研究对康西瓦构造带演化的约束,初步将康西瓦构造带构造演化期次划分为四期：第一期为洋壳俯冲阶段,时代可能～250Ma；第二期为陆壳俯冲或陆-陆碰撞阶段,该阶段陆壳叠置加厚,时代可能-240Ma；第三期为俯冲板片断离后的陆壳折返阶段,时代约为220-230Ma；第四期为造山后期地壳进一步伸展阶段,时代可能从约210Ma一直持续到185Ma。
The formation and evolution of West Kunlun orogenic belt is a quite complex process. The Kangxiwar tectonic belt is an important tectonic boundary of West Kunlun orogenic belt. Different types of high-pressure metamorphic rocks, great amount of granites and dedimentary stratums of different ages are distributed in this area, and function as the evolutionary product of West Kunlun orogenic belt. They preserve wealth information of Kangxiwar tectonic belt and can be used to interpret the evolution of West Kunlun orogenic belt, especially for the study of the evolution of Indosinian. This dissertation discusses the formation age, the properties and the evolution characteristics of Kangxiwar tectonic belt from three aspects, namely, Ta Xian (Taxkorgan, Tajik Autonomous County)-Kangxiwar tectonic belt, Indosinian granite and the major dedimentary stratum.
The granulite exposed from the Ta Xian-Kangxiwar are selected to study. Based on the petrographic and mineral composition analysis, the phases of the metamorphic mineral are divided. Also, focusing on high-pressure politic granulite, high-pressure mafic and garnet pyroxenite, these three types of high-pressure metamorphic are phase diagram simulated by using Thermocale (3.3) program to construct the P-T pseudosection. By dividing the mineral phases and the P-T conditions of different phases of mineral defined from two aspects, and combined with geochronology, the P-T-t path is got. The P-T-t paths of the three types of rock are all clockwise metamorphic evolution path. In early retrograde metamorphism stage, P-T paths reveal isothermal decompression which reflected rock had overwent rapid exhumation process. In late retrograde metamorphism stage, temperature and pressure decrease P-T paths suggested three types of rock overwent amphibolite facies metamorphism and lifting once again.Based on zircon dating data of HP granulite, peak metamorphism age was between220-250Ma. The early retrograde metamorphism age was about220Ma and the late retrograde metamorphism age was about180-190Ma.
The study of Ta Xian-Kangxiwar granite is mainly focusing on the exposed Indosinian granites from Shengli Bridge-Mazar-Thirty Miles Barracks-Kangxiwar line. Based on petrography, geochronology and geochemistry study, the nature of source rocks of these granites, forming conditions of these granites and the coupling relationship between these granites and the Kangxiwar tectonic belt are emphasized.Combined with previous studies, tectonic evolution process of Indosinian Granites along the Kangxiwar tectonic belt can be subdivided into four stages:The first stage may correspond to the subduction of oceanic crust stage and the corresponding age was about251Ma. The second stage may correspond to crustal thickening stage caused by the continent-continent collision and the corresponding age was about242Ma. The third stage may correspond to crust exhumation stage caused by subducting slab break-off and the corresponding age was during223-231Ma. The third stage may be dominated by post-collisional extension and corresponding time about during185-215Ma.
The study of Ta Xian-Kangxiwar dedimentary stratum selects Bulunkuole rock group as the object which is the more contentious, more economic beneficial and also the most widely distributed in this area. From north to south, four profiles are chosen, namely, Tongchang ditch profile in Bulunkou, Ziluoyi iron ore profile, Ta Xian-Bandier iron profile and Zankan iron ore profile. The four sections are separated by hundreds of kilometers, covering most distributing area of Bulunkuole rock group. By measuring the profiles, identifying the material composition, selecting typical dating samples, limiting the forming ages of the profile strata and combined with the previous studies, the formation and evolution characteristics of Bulunkuole rock group are discussed. Combined with existing study, Proterozoic strata doesn't exist in Bulunkuole rock group. The original divided Bulunkuole rock group contains Neoproterozoic, early Paleozoic and Permian strata. Neoproterozoic strata and early Paleozoic strata are exposed in the Zankan iron ore, Laobing iron ore, Ziluoyi iron ore profiles. Permian strata are exposed in the east of Ta County profile. Permian strata are exposed in the east of Ta County profile. Permian strata associated with high-pressure metamorphic rocks together may constitute the subduction collision complex. Based on material composition, stratigraphic sequence, Metamorphism and deformation characteristics, evolution and formation age of strata in Bulunkuole rock group, the. The original divided Bulunkuole rock group could be divide into two parts:Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic stara and subduction collision complex.
Combined study on High pressure granulite and Indosinian Granites in Kangxiwar tectonic belt, the evolution of Kangxiwa tectonic belt can be preliminary subdivided into four stages:The first stage was oceanic crust stage and corresponding age was about250Ma. The second stage was crustal thickening stage caused by continent subduction or continent continent collision and the corresponding age was about240Ma. The third stage was crust exhumation caused by subducting slab break-off and the corresponding age was during223-231Ma. The third stage was post-collisional extension and corresponding time about during185-215Ma.
对塔县-康西瓦高压变质岩的研究选取了区内出露的麻粒岩,在岩相学和矿物成分研究的基础上,划分了变质矿物期次,并利用Thermocalc(3.33)程序重点对高压泥质麻粒岩、高压基性麻粒岩和石榴石辉石岩三类高压变质岩进行了相图模拟,建立了P-T视剖面图,通过划分的矿物期次和矿物等值线两方面限定不同变质期次矿物组合对应的P-T条件,并结合年代学研究,得到它们的P-T-t轨迹。这三类岩石均具有顺时针型的P-T-t轨迹,早期退变质P-T轨迹为等温降压的过程,反映了岩石早期经历了快速折返的过程,晚期退变质P-T轨迹是降温降压的过程,普遍经历了后期角闪岩相退变质事件,反映其经历了再次抬升。通过系统的锆石定年,确认高压麻粒岩的峰期变质时代介于220-250Ma,为印支期,早期麻粒岩相的退变质时代约为220Ma,晚期角闪岩相的退变质时代约为180-190Ma。
对塔县-康西瓦的花岗岩的研究重点选取了胜利桥-麻扎-三十里营房-康西瓦一线出露的印支期花岗岩体,在岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究的基础上,重点讨论了印支期花岗岩的源岩性质、形成条件以及它们与康西瓦构造带演化之间的响应关系。结合区域构造背景将沿麻扎-康西瓦一线分布的花岗岩分为四期：第一期可能对应于洋壳俯冲阶段,时代约为251Ma；第二期可能对应于陆-陆碰撞造山引起的陆壳加厚阶段,时代约为242Ma；第三期可能对应于俯冲板片断离后的陆壳折返阶段,时代可能为223～231Ma；第四期可能形成于造山后期的伸展背景,形成时代为185-215Ma。
对塔县-康西瓦的沉积地层的研究重点选取了争议较多、经济贡献大,同时也是区内分布最广泛的布伦阔勒岩群作为研究对象,从北到南选取了布伦口铜厂沟剖面、孜落依铁矿剖面、塔县-班迪尔剖面和赞坎铁矿剖面,这四个剖面相隔上百公里,基本覆盖了布伦阔勒岩群的分布范围,通过实测剖面,查明物质组成,选取典型定年样品,限定各剖面地层的形成时代,结合前人研究确认布伦阔勒岩群不存在古元古代地层,原划的布伦阔勒岩群地层包含有新元古代、早古生代和二叠纪地层,其中元古代-早古生代沉积地层包括赞坎铁矿、老并铁矿、孜落依铁矿等原划为布伦阔勒岩群的地层,二叠纪地层主要出露于塔县东,未见顶底,可能与高压变质岩石一起构成了俯冲碰撞杂岩。根据地层的物质组成、层序特征、变质变形特征、演化特征和形成时代将原划的布伦阔勒岩群初步重新划分为两个部分：新元古代-早古生代沉积地层和俯冲碰撞杂岩带。
结合康西瓦构造带塔县高压麻粒岩和印支期花岗岩的研究对康西瓦构造带演化的约束,初步将康西瓦构造带构造演化期次划分为四期：第一期为洋壳俯冲阶段,时代可能～250Ma；第二期为陆壳俯冲或陆-陆碰撞阶段,该阶段陆壳叠置加厚,时代可能-240Ma；第三期为俯冲板片断离后的陆壳折返阶段,时代约为220-230Ma；第四期为造山后期地壳进一步伸展阶段,时代可能从约210Ma一直持续到185Ma。
The formation and evolution of West Kunlun orogenic belt is a quite complex process. The Kangxiwar tectonic belt is an important tectonic boundary of West Kunlun orogenic belt. Different types of high-pressure metamorphic rocks, great amount of granites and dedimentary stratums of different ages are distributed in this area, and function as the evolutionary product of West Kunlun orogenic belt. They preserve wealth information of Kangxiwar tectonic belt and can be used to interpret the evolution of West Kunlun orogenic belt, especially for the study of the evolution of Indosinian. This dissertation discusses the formation age, the properties and the evolution characteristics of Kangxiwar tectonic belt from three aspects, namely, Ta Xian (Taxkorgan, Tajik Autonomous County)-Kangxiwar tectonic belt, Indosinian granite and the major dedimentary stratum.
The granulite exposed from the Ta Xian-Kangxiwar are selected to study. Based on the petrographic and mineral composition analysis, the phases of the metamorphic mineral are divided. Also, focusing on high-pressure politic granulite, high-pressure mafic and garnet pyroxenite, these three types of high-pressure metamorphic are phase diagram simulated by using Thermocale (3.3) program to construct the P-T pseudosection. By dividing the mineral phases and the P-T conditions of different phases of mineral defined from two aspects, and combined with geochronology, the P-T-t path is got. The P-T-t paths of the three types of rock are all clockwise metamorphic evolution path. In early retrograde metamorphism stage, P-T paths reveal isothermal decompression which reflected rock had overwent rapid exhumation process. In late retrograde metamorphism stage, temperature and pressure decrease P-T paths suggested three types of rock overwent amphibolite facies metamorphism and lifting once again.Based on zircon dating data of HP granulite, peak metamorphism age was between220-250Ma. The early retrograde metamorphism age was about220Ma and the late retrograde metamorphism age was about180-190Ma.
The study of Ta Xian-Kangxiwar granite is mainly focusing on the exposed Indosinian granites from Shengli Bridge-Mazar-Thirty Miles Barracks-Kangxiwar line. Based on petrography, geochronology and geochemistry study, the nature of source rocks of these granites, forming conditions of these granites and the coupling relationship between these granites and the Kangxiwar tectonic belt are emphasized.Combined with previous studies, tectonic evolution process of Indosinian Granites along the Kangxiwar tectonic belt can be subdivided into four stages:The first stage may correspond to the subduction of oceanic crust stage and the corresponding age was about251Ma. The second stage may correspond to crustal thickening stage caused by the continent-continent collision and the corresponding age was about242Ma. The third stage may correspond to crust exhumation stage caused by subducting slab break-off and the corresponding age was during223-231Ma. The third stage may be dominated by post-collisional extension and corresponding time about during185-215Ma.
The study of Ta Xian-Kangxiwar dedimentary stratum selects Bulunkuole rock group as the object which is the more contentious, more economic beneficial and also the most widely distributed in this area. From north to south, four profiles are chosen, namely, Tongchang ditch profile in Bulunkou, Ziluoyi iron ore profile, Ta Xian-Bandier iron profile and Zankan iron ore profile. The four sections are separated by hundreds of kilometers, covering most distributing area of Bulunkuole rock group. By measuring the profiles, identifying the material composition, selecting typical dating samples, limiting the forming ages of the profile strata and combined with the previous studies, the formation and evolution characteristics of Bulunkuole rock group are discussed. Combined with existing study, Proterozoic strata doesn't exist in Bulunkuole rock group. The original divided Bulunkuole rock group contains Neoproterozoic, early Paleozoic and Permian strata. Neoproterozoic strata and early Paleozoic strata are exposed in the Zankan iron ore, Laobing iron ore, Ziluoyi iron ore profiles. Permian strata are exposed in the east of Ta County profile. Permian strata are exposed in the east of Ta County profile. Permian strata associated with high-pressure metamorphic rocks together may constitute the subduction collision complex. Based on material composition, stratigraphic sequence, Metamorphism and deformation characteristics, evolution and formation age of strata in Bulunkuole rock group, the. The original divided Bulunkuole rock group could be divide into two parts:Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic stara and subduction collision complex.
Combined study on High pressure granulite and Indosinian Granites in Kangxiwar tectonic belt, the evolution of Kangxiwa tectonic belt can be preliminary subdivided into four stages:The first stage was oceanic crust stage and corresponding age was about250Ma. The second stage was crustal thickening stage caused by continent subduction or continent continent collision and the corresponding age was about240Ma. The third stage was crust exhumation caused by subducting slab break-off and the corresponding age was during223-231Ma. The third stage was post-collisional extension and corresponding time about during185-215Ma.
引文
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