汽车自动传动液的摩擦特性评价技术研究
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摘要
本工程硕士学位论文基于作者参加的“汽车自动传动液摩擦特性研究”项目和作者负责的“模拟SAE№2试验方法研究”项目(中国石油润滑油公司项目),针对中国石油大连润滑油研发中心开展新型汽车自动传动液(ATF)的工程需要,研制了仿SAE№2试验机,进行了重复性和相关性考察,并使用仿SAE№2试验机评价了新开发的ATF中基础油和添加剂的摩擦特性,得出主要结论如下:
1、现有的评定台架不适于ATF的摩擦特性的评定。四球机、Falex试验机、Timken试验机及研制的DGN摩擦磨损试验机和小型离合器摩擦试验机由于试验件、工作方式等问题不适合进行ATF的摩擦特性评价。
2、参照原SAE№2试验机的工作方式、工作条件、摩擦片和钢片的尺寸大小、摩擦片和钢片的材质、摩擦方式、试验件的加载方式等,设计并仿制了SAE№2试验机,并对其进行了改进,使其可以更加灵活地进行试验。通过对比试验,验证了仿SAE№2试验机的重复性以及与原SAE№2试验机的相关性,可满足ATF摩擦特性评价的要求。
3、本文使用仿SAE№2试验机考察了ATF摩擦特性,结果表明基础油中的饱和烃含量决定基础油的摩擦耐久性,饱和烃含量越高,摩擦耐久性越好;基础油中微量的含硫化合物可能会影响基础油的高温摩擦特性,与含硫的基础油类似,含硫的清净剂可以影响基础油的高温摩擦特性,同时高钙含量的清净剂可以提高基础油的摩擦耐久性;分散剂具有良好的温度摩擦特性,同时含有一定量磷硼化合物的分散剂中点动扭矩始终保持在一个较高的水平,符合ATF对摩擦特性的要求-温度稳定性和耐久性。通过分散剂的复合实验,我们还发现,中点动扭矩有加和性;除防锈剂,其余添加剂如抗氧剂、抗磨剂、金属钝化剂等对基础油的摩擦特性均有不良影响。说明本文开发的仿SAE№2试验机可满足ATF新油品开发的需要。
This degree thesis of Engineering Master is based on two studies,including the item of"Study on the friction characteristics of automatic transmission fluid(ATF)" and the item of "Study on test method of simulated SAE№2 tester",which belongs to PetroChina Lubricant Company.The Author is an important participator of the former and responsible for the latter.
To meet the requirement of new type ATF project carried out by PetroChina DaLian Lube Oil R&D Institute,we develop mimic SAE№2 tester and carry out a study on repeatability and correlation,and use mimic SAE№2 tester to evaluate the friction characteristics of base oil and additives in ATF.The following are the main conclusions.
1.The existing bench assessments are not suitable for evaluation of the friction characteristics of ATF.Falex tester,Timken tester,the developed DGN friction and wear tester and small clutch friction tester can not carry out the evaluation of the friction characteristics of ATF.
2.Based on the previous factors,including method of run,working conditions,the size of friction ship and steel ship,the material of friction chip and steel chip,the loading method of test element and so on,we copied and improved the SAE№2 tester in laboratory,making it can execute more flexible test.By comparing test,the repeatability of the mimic SAE№2 tester and the relevance of it to SAE№2 tester have been tested and verified,that it can meet the requirements of evaluation of the ATF characteristics of friction.
3.We studied the friction characteristics of ATF by the mimic SAE№2 tester,the result showed the content of saturated hydrocarbon in base oil decide its friction durability.The higher content of saturated hydrocarbons in base oil,the better durability it will own.the minute quantities of sulfur compounds in the base oil may be impacted on its frictional characteristic at high temperature,similarity to the sulphurous base oil, the dispersant with sulfur also could have impact on the base oil's high temperature frictional characteristic.At the same time,the dispersant which have high calcium content could improve the friction durability;the dispersant own good temperature frictional characteristic,and the dispersant which have a definite amount of compound of phosphorus and boron could keep a higher level in mid-torque,it conform to the requirement of the frictional characteristic of ATF,including temperature stability and durability.By the compound experiment of dispersant,we found that the mid-torque has additive property.The additives except antirust,for instance antioxidant,antiwear additive,metallic passivator etc.have negative impact on the frictional characteristic of base oil.The results indicate mimic SAE№2 tester developed by us can meet the requirement of developing new ATF.
1、现有的评定台架不适于ATF的摩擦特性的评定。四球机、Falex试验机、Timken试验机及研制的DGN摩擦磨损试验机和小型离合器摩擦试验机由于试验件、工作方式等问题不适合进行ATF的摩擦特性评价。
2、参照原SAE№2试验机的工作方式、工作条件、摩擦片和钢片的尺寸大小、摩擦片和钢片的材质、摩擦方式、试验件的加载方式等,设计并仿制了SAE№2试验机,并对其进行了改进,使其可以更加灵活地进行试验。通过对比试验,验证了仿SAE№2试验机的重复性以及与原SAE№2试验机的相关性,可满足ATF摩擦特性评价的要求。
3、本文使用仿SAE№2试验机考察了ATF摩擦特性,结果表明基础油中的饱和烃含量决定基础油的摩擦耐久性,饱和烃含量越高,摩擦耐久性越好;基础油中微量的含硫化合物可能会影响基础油的高温摩擦特性,与含硫的基础油类似,含硫的清净剂可以影响基础油的高温摩擦特性,同时高钙含量的清净剂可以提高基础油的摩擦耐久性;分散剂具有良好的温度摩擦特性,同时含有一定量磷硼化合物的分散剂中点动扭矩始终保持在一个较高的水平,符合ATF对摩擦特性的要求-温度稳定性和耐久性。通过分散剂的复合实验,我们还发现,中点动扭矩有加和性;除防锈剂,其余添加剂如抗氧剂、抗磨剂、金属钝化剂等对基础油的摩擦特性均有不良影响。说明本文开发的仿SAE№2试验机可满足ATF新油品开发的需要。
This degree thesis of Engineering Master is based on two studies,including the item of"Study on the friction characteristics of automatic transmission fluid(ATF)" and the item of "Study on test method of simulated SAE№2 tester",which belongs to PetroChina Lubricant Company.The Author is an important participator of the former and responsible for the latter.
To meet the requirement of new type ATF project carried out by PetroChina DaLian Lube Oil R&D Institute,we develop mimic SAE№2 tester and carry out a study on repeatability and correlation,and use mimic SAE№2 tester to evaluate the friction characteristics of base oil and additives in ATF.The following are the main conclusions.
1.The existing bench assessments are not suitable for evaluation of the friction characteristics of ATF.Falex tester,Timken tester,the developed DGN friction and wear tester and small clutch friction tester can not carry out the evaluation of the friction characteristics of ATF.
2.Based on the previous factors,including method of run,working conditions,the size of friction ship and steel ship,the material of friction chip and steel chip,the loading method of test element and so on,we copied and improved the SAE№2 tester in laboratory,making it can execute more flexible test.By comparing test,the repeatability of the mimic SAE№2 tester and the relevance of it to SAE№2 tester have been tested and verified,that it can meet the requirements of evaluation of the ATF characteristics of friction.
3.We studied the friction characteristics of ATF by the mimic SAE№2 tester,the result showed the content of saturated hydrocarbon in base oil decide its friction durability.The higher content of saturated hydrocarbons in base oil,the better durability it will own.the minute quantities of sulfur compounds in the base oil may be impacted on its frictional characteristic at high temperature,similarity to the sulphurous base oil, the dispersant with sulfur also could have impact on the base oil's high temperature frictional characteristic.At the same time,the dispersant which have high calcium content could improve the friction durability;the dispersant own good temperature frictional characteristic,and the dispersant which have a definite amount of compound of phosphorus and boron could keep a higher level in mid-torque,it conform to the requirement of the frictional characteristic of ATF,including temperature stability and durability.By the compound experiment of dispersant,we found that the mid-torque has additive property.The additives except antirust,for instance antioxidant,antiwear additive,metallic passivator etc.have negative impact on the frictional characteristic of base oil.The results indicate mimic SAE№2 tester developed by us can meet the requirement of developing new ATF.
引文
[1]http://www.yehehe.corn/post/1528.html
[2]朱经昌,魏辰官,郑幕侨等.车辆液力传动(下).北京:国防工业出版社,1983.6
[3]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.5
[4]葛安林,高炳钊,金辉.AMT离合器结合速度的精确控制[J].机械工程学报,2000,(10):68-72
[5]张效铭.无级变速器传动液性能要求及评价方法[J].甘肃科技,2009,(4):73-75
[6]荆崇波,苑士华,郭晓林.双离合器自动变速器及其应用前景分析[J].机械传动,2005,(03):56-58
[7]唐俊杰.汽车自动传动液新进展[J].石油商技.1994,(03):54.59
[8]张俊智,王丽芳.机械式自动变速器离合器控制规律的研究[J].机械工程学报.1999,(03):37-41
[9]龚富生.国外自动传动液的发展[J].石油炼制与化工.1994,(08):29-34
[10]薛殿伦.湖南江麓容大报告.2007中国汽车CVT国际学术研讨会.重庆.2007年
[11]徐元强,王军.汽车自动传动液发展现状及趋势.世界汽车.2001,(01):10-12
[12]GM公司的GM6417M,DEXRONIII规格,1998
[13]武玉玲.自动传动液的组成与特性[J].润滑油.1991,(06):9-13
[14]唐俊杰.国外自动传动液发展状况[J].润滑油.1990,(03):8-14
[15]GM公司的DEXRON ⅡD规格,1986.DEXRON ⅡE规格,1990
[16]FORD公司的MERCON规格,1987.NEW MERCON规格,1990
[17]颉敏杰等.自动传动液摩擦特性试验方法研究自动传动液[J].合成润滑材料,2007,(03):12-16
[18]SAE 982668 P.A.Willermet 等 "ATF Bulk Oxidative Degradation and Its Effects on LVFA Friction and the Performance of a Modulated Torque Converter Clutch"
[19]SAE 982672 James L.Linden 等 "A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating ATF Effects on Friction Torque Capacity
[20]Horodysky;Andrew G.USP4529528.Borated amine-phosphite reaction product and lubricant and fuel containing same
[21]Friction Analysis of Modem Gasoline Effects,M.Houben,FEV MotorenTechnic,10th International Collogaium,Esslingen,1996
[22]Friction modifier and their testing,D.Christadudakis,Additive for Lubricants,1994,P 134-162
[23]GM公司的DexronⅥ规格,2006
[24]Caterpillar公司的TO规格,1991
[25]日本汽车标准组织的JASO lA规格
[26]Horodysky;Andrew G..USP4382006.Friction reduction additives and compositions thereof
[27]Sowerby;Roger L..USP4767552,Urazole compositions useful as additives for functional fluids
[28]Kablaoui;Mahmoud S.,USP3879306,Automatic transmission fluid
[29]李韶辉,孙东,刘霞等.一种含磷摩擦改进剂的合成及评价.石油炼制与化工.2005,(03):39-43
[30]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[31]徐久军.船舶主机缸套活塞环磨损试验智能化仿真系统研究[D](博士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,1996
[32]Dr Craig D Tipton,Elizabeth A Schiferl.Fundamental Studies on Friction I SAE Paper,May 1997-971621
[2]朱经昌,魏辰官,郑幕侨等.车辆液力传动(下).北京:国防工业出版社,1983.6
[3]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.5
[4]葛安林,高炳钊,金辉.AMT离合器结合速度的精确控制[J].机械工程学报,2000,(10):68-72
[5]张效铭.无级变速器传动液性能要求及评价方法[J].甘肃科技,2009,(4):73-75
[6]荆崇波,苑士华,郭晓林.双离合器自动变速器及其应用前景分析[J].机械传动,2005,(03):56-58
[7]唐俊杰.汽车自动传动液新进展[J].石油商技.1994,(03):54.59
[8]张俊智,王丽芳.机械式自动变速器离合器控制规律的研究[J].机械工程学报.1999,(03):37-41
[9]龚富生.国外自动传动液的发展[J].石油炼制与化工.1994,(08):29-34
[10]薛殿伦.湖南江麓容大报告.2007中国汽车CVT国际学术研讨会.重庆.2007年
[11]徐元强,王军.汽车自动传动液发展现状及趋势.世界汽车.2001,(01):10-12
[12]GM公司的GM6417M,DEXRONIII规格,1998
[13]武玉玲.自动传动液的组成与特性[J].润滑油.1991,(06):9-13
[14]唐俊杰.国外自动传动液发展状况[J].润滑油.1990,(03):8-14
[15]GM公司的DEXRON ⅡD规格,1986.DEXRON ⅡE规格,1990
[16]FORD公司的MERCON规格,1987.NEW MERCON规格,1990
[17]颉敏杰等.自动传动液摩擦特性试验方法研究自动传动液[J].合成润滑材料,2007,(03):12-16
[18]SAE 982668 P.A.Willermet 等 "ATF Bulk Oxidative Degradation and Its Effects on LVFA Friction and the Performance of a Modulated Torque Converter Clutch"
[19]SAE 982672 James L.Linden 等 "A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating ATF Effects on Friction Torque Capacity
[20]Horodysky;Andrew G.USP4529528.Borated amine-phosphite reaction product and lubricant and fuel containing same
[21]Friction Analysis of Modem Gasoline Effects,M.Houben,FEV MotorenTechnic,10th International Collogaium,Esslingen,1996
[22]Friction modifier and their testing,D.Christadudakis,Additive for Lubricants,1994,P 134-162
[23]GM公司的DexronⅥ规格,2006
[24]Caterpillar公司的TO规格,1991
[25]日本汽车标准组织的JASO lA规格
[26]Horodysky;Andrew G..USP4382006.Friction reduction additives and compositions thereof
[27]Sowerby;Roger L..USP4767552,Urazole compositions useful as additives for functional fluids
[28]Kablaoui;Mahmoud S.,USP3879306,Automatic transmission fluid
[29]李韶辉,孙东,刘霞等.一种含磷摩擦改进剂的合成及评价.石油炼制与化工.2005,(03):39-43
[30]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[31]徐久军.船舶主机缸套活塞环磨损试验智能化仿真系统研究[D](博士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,1996
[32]Dr Craig D Tipton,Elizabeth A Schiferl.Fundamental Studies on Friction I SAE Paper,May 1997-971621