ZSM-5合成新方法以及Er发光复合材料的制备与表征的研究
|
摘要
第一部分:ZSM-5沸石分子筛由Mobil公司的科学家首次合成,具有高度水热稳定性和强的耐酸性,在工业上具有广泛应用。ZSM-5分子筛三维骨架中包含两种交叉的十元环通道,一种是走向平行于[001]的正弦孔道,孔径为0.54×0.56nm,另一种是平行于[010]的直线型孔道,具有0.51×0.57nm的椭圆开口,其孔道开口居于较小的八元环和较大的十二元环之间,孔道交联处直径约为0.9nm。最初采用四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂合成ZSM-5分子筛,后来逐渐发展为有机胺作为模板剂合成ZSM-5分子筛。但据我们文献调研,到目前为止,还没有采用环状化合物六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)为模板剂合成ZSM-5分子筛的报道。我们就采用HMI为模板剂或不用模板剂,添加少量活性晶种的条件下分别合成ZSM-5分子筛。
在碱金属离子存在下,以发烟硅胶为硅源,以环状化合物HMI为模板剂或不用模板剂,在添加少量活性晶种的条件下,研究ZSM-5分子筛合成的新方法。在合成中发现,晶种的选择和添加是该合成成功与否的关键因素。同时也考察了其它合成条件如:Si/Al比,Na/Si比,HMI/Si比,H_2O/Si比,硅源,铝源,碱金属钠盐和合成时间等对ZSM-5分子筛结晶度和形貌的影响。研究表明,合成条件对ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度和晶粒尺寸产生明显的影响。
第二部分:掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)是通信系统中不可缺少的器件,合成掺铒光纤材料是当今很热的课题。在合成发光材料时,需要挑选合适的基质材料负载稀土元素,才能使稀土元素的发光效果好。本论文在考虑到基质材料本身的物理性质和光学性质,先后选了两种不同种类的分子筛作为基质,然后在材料中加入修饰剂对稀土元素进行修饰,以期得到一种发光性能良好的复合材料。在实验中,我们考察了两种分子筛(Y型分子筛,SBA-15介孔分子筛)对材料发光性能的影响,结果发现,这两种分子筛作为基质得到的材料吸收光谱图一致,但是经过荧光光谱测试发现,以Y型分子筛作为基质的没有荧光现象,以SBA-15介孔分子筛作为基质的有良好的荧光效果。我们用功能化试剂全氟甲基酰胺(bis-(perfluoromethylsulfonyl)-amine)PMS对稀土元素Er~(3+)进行修饰,发现修饰后材料的荧光强度提高了数倍。
Part One:ZSM-5,a high silica zeolite developed by Mobil Corporation,has found various industrial applications because of its high thermal stability and strong acid stabilities.ZSM-5 is a ten-membered ring zeolite structure made up of two types of straight and zig-zag channel systems.The straight channels have a circular opening of 0.53×0.56 nm and the zig-zag ones have an elliptical opening of 0.51×0.55 nm. ZSM-5 was firstly synthesized using expensive tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)solution.Thereafter,the same structure was synthesized using several different organic templates.Up to now,there has no report on the synthesis ZSM-5 using cyclic amine as a structure-directing agent(SDA).
In this work,ZSM-5 zeolite is skillfully hydrothermally synthesized from an inorganic silica source and hexamethyleneimine(HMI)as an SDA)(or without any SDA)with the assistant of active seeds of ZSM-5 precursor and alkali metal ions.The addition of a precursor gel containing the primary and secondary building units of MFI structure is the key step of the synthesis.The nature of precursor and the preparation conditions have great influence on the incorporation of silica into the framework.Other synthesis parameters such as silica sources,aluminium sources, crystallization time,Si/Al ratio,HMI/Si ratio,Na/Si ratio and H_2O/Si ratio have been investigated in detail.It is revealed that the crystallinity and crystal size were affected greatly by the synthesis conditions.
Part Two:Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifier(EDFA)is an essential part in communication systems.The fabrication of EDFA is a hot subject.During the fabrication,the proper support is needed to load rare earth to gain better luminescence. Considering the physical and optical properties of the support,we tested two different types of porous materials which were then modified to obtain the compounds with good luminescence.Both the supports of Y zeolite and SBA-15 showed the same absorption spectra,but showed different fluorescence spectra.Fluorescence was observed only on Er/SBA-15 compound.We modified the rare earth compound further with bis-(perfluoro methyl sulfonyl)-amine and achieved improved fluorescence.
在碱金属离子存在下,以发烟硅胶为硅源,以环状化合物HMI为模板剂或不用模板剂,在添加少量活性晶种的条件下,研究ZSM-5分子筛合成的新方法。在合成中发现,晶种的选择和添加是该合成成功与否的关键因素。同时也考察了其它合成条件如:Si/Al比,Na/Si比,HMI/Si比,H_2O/Si比,硅源,铝源,碱金属钠盐和合成时间等对ZSM-5分子筛结晶度和形貌的影响。研究表明,合成条件对ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度和晶粒尺寸产生明显的影响。
第二部分:掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)是通信系统中不可缺少的器件,合成掺铒光纤材料是当今很热的课题。在合成发光材料时,需要挑选合适的基质材料负载稀土元素,才能使稀土元素的发光效果好。本论文在考虑到基质材料本身的物理性质和光学性质,先后选了两种不同种类的分子筛作为基质,然后在材料中加入修饰剂对稀土元素进行修饰,以期得到一种发光性能良好的复合材料。在实验中,我们考察了两种分子筛(Y型分子筛,SBA-15介孔分子筛)对材料发光性能的影响,结果发现,这两种分子筛作为基质得到的材料吸收光谱图一致,但是经过荧光光谱测试发现,以Y型分子筛作为基质的没有荧光现象,以SBA-15介孔分子筛作为基质的有良好的荧光效果。我们用功能化试剂全氟甲基酰胺(bis-(perfluoromethylsulfonyl)-amine)PMS对稀土元素Er~(3+)进行修饰,发现修饰后材料的荧光强度提高了数倍。
Part One:ZSM-5,a high silica zeolite developed by Mobil Corporation,has found various industrial applications because of its high thermal stability and strong acid stabilities.ZSM-5 is a ten-membered ring zeolite structure made up of two types of straight and zig-zag channel systems.The straight channels have a circular opening of 0.53×0.56 nm and the zig-zag ones have an elliptical opening of 0.51×0.55 nm. ZSM-5 was firstly synthesized using expensive tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)solution.Thereafter,the same structure was synthesized using several different organic templates.Up to now,there has no report on the synthesis ZSM-5 using cyclic amine as a structure-directing agent(SDA).
In this work,ZSM-5 zeolite is skillfully hydrothermally synthesized from an inorganic silica source and hexamethyleneimine(HMI)as an SDA)(or without any SDA)with the assistant of active seeds of ZSM-5 precursor and alkali metal ions.The addition of a precursor gel containing the primary and secondary building units of MFI structure is the key step of the synthesis.The nature of precursor and the preparation conditions have great influence on the incorporation of silica into the framework.Other synthesis parameters such as silica sources,aluminium sources, crystallization time,Si/Al ratio,HMI/Si ratio,Na/Si ratio and H_2O/Si ratio have been investigated in detail.It is revealed that the crystallinity and crystal size were affected greatly by the synthesis conditions.
Part Two:Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifier(EDFA)is an essential part in communication systems.The fabrication of EDFA is a hot subject.During the fabrication,the proper support is needed to load rare earth to gain better luminescence. Considering the physical and optical properties of the support,we tested two different types of porous materials which were then modified to obtain the compounds with good luminescence.Both the supports of Y zeolite and SBA-15 showed the same absorption spectra,but showed different fluorescence spectra.Fluorescence was observed only on Er/SBA-15 compound.We modified the rare earth compound further with bis-(perfluoro methyl sulfonyl)-amine and achieved improved fluorescence.
引文
[1]Davis M.E.,Nature,2002,417:813.
[2]Baerlocher C.,Meier W.M.,Olson D.H.,Atlas of Zeolite frameworks Type,Elsevier(5th Ed),2001.
[3]http://www.iza-structure.org/
[4]Lowenstein W.A.,MineraL,1954,P.39.
[5]Meier W.M.,Molecular Sieves,1968,P.10.
[6]Meier W.M.,Olson D.H.,Atlas of Zeolite structure types.2 nd rev.ed Butterworths,London,1987,P.5.
[7]Smith J.V.,Topochemistry of zeolite and related materials,l.Topology and geometry,Chem.Rev.,1988,88:149.
[8]Bibby D.M.,Dale M.P.,Nature,1985,317:15.
[9]Xiao F.S.,Qiu S.L.,Pang W.Q.,Adv.Mater,1998,11:1091.
[10]Chen J.S.,Pang W.Q.,Xu R.R.,Top.in Catal.,1999,9:93.
[11]Yu J.H.,Xu R.R.,Li J.Y.,Sol.Sta.Sci.,2000,2:181.
[12]Xu L.S.,Xu Q.H.,Zhang H.J.et al.,Mater Sci.andEngin.,2002,88:68.
[13]Yan W.F.,Yu J.H.,Li Y.,J.Sol.Sta.Chem.,2002,167:282.
[14]Xu R.R.,Huo Q.S.,Pang W.Q.,Proc.from the Nin.lnter.Zeo.Conf,1995,P.271.
[15]Xu W.,Dong J.,Li J.et al.,Chem.Commun.,1990:755.
[16]Rao H.R.,Matsulata M.,Chem.Commun.,1996:1441.
[17]Matsukata M.,Nishiyama N.,Ueyama K.,Micro.Mater.,1996,7:109.
[18]Nishiyama N.,Ueyama K.,Matsukata M.,Micro.Mater,1996,7:299.
[19]Bandyopadhyay R.,Kubota Y.,Sugimoto N.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater,1999,32:81.
[20]Wu P.,Liu Y.,Tatsumi T.,Catal.Today,2005,99:233.
[21]Tatsumi T.,Xia Q.,Jappar N.,Chem.Lett.,1997:677.
[22]Tatsumi T.,Jappar N.,J.Phys.Chem.B,1998,102:7126.
[23]Jappar N.,Xia Q.,Tatsumi T.,J.Catal,1998,180:132.
[24]Zhang X.,Ding Y.,Peng Z.,CN 1327947:2001.
[25]Thoma S.G.,NenoffT.M.,Micro.Meso.Mater,2000,41:295.
[26]Kim M.,Li H.,Davis M.E.,Micro.Mater,1993,1:191.
[27]Kim M.,Jung M.,Rhee H.,J.Chem.Eng.,1995,12:410.
[28]Ogura M.,Nakata S.,Kikuchi E.et al.,J.Catal,2001,199:41.
[29]董晋湘,董平,刘光焕等,燃料化学学报,1997,25:7210.
[30]任瑜,董维阳,龙英才,上海化工,2000,20:24.
[31]董维阳,任瑜,龙英才,化学学报,2000,58:1311.
[32]Wu P.,Liu Y.,Tatsumi T.et al.,Catal.Today,2005,99:234.
[33]Yang C.,Xu Q.H.,J.Chem.Soc.Faraday Trans.,1997,93:1675.
[34]Zhang Z.,Liu X.,Xu Y.,Zeolite,1991,11:232.
[35]Bekkum H.V.,Flanigen E.M.,Jacobs P.A.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal.,2001,37:275.
[36]Kraushaar B.,Van-Hooff.J.H.,Catal.Lett.,1988,1:81.
[37]Meng X.,XuW.,Tang S.et al.,Chin.Chem.Lett.,1992,3:69.
[38]Han Y.,Ma H.,Qiu S.L.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,1999,30:321.
[39]Suzuki K.,Zeolite,1983,6:290.
[40]陈连璋,沸石分子筛催化,大连理工大学出版所,1990,P.127.
[41]Guth J.L.,Kessler H.,Higel J.M.et al.,Wey R.ACSSym Set,1989,398(Zeolites Synth):176.
[42]Kessler H.,Patarin J.,Stud.Surf Sci.Catal.,1994,85:75.
[43]焦庆祝,庞文琴,石油学报(石油加工)1992,8:108.
[44]王连波,朱兆武,杨眉等,石油学报(石油加工),1999,15:23.
[45]Aiello R.,Crea F.,Testa F et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2000,35:585.
[46]Barrer R.M.,Acaddemic Press,1992.
[47]徐如人,庞文琴,无机合成与制备化学,高等教育出版社,2002,P.435.
[48]Subotic B.,Graovac A.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal,1985,24:199.
[49]Bronic J.,Subotic B.,Smit I.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal,1988,37:107.
[50]Gonthier S.,Thompson R.W.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal.,1994,85:43.
[51]刘志城,沈绍典,田博之等,科学通报,2004,49:325.
[52]Kokotailo G.T.,Lawton S.L.,Olson D.H.et al.,Nature,1978,272:438.
[53]Dezaufve P.,Vedrin J.C.,Derouane E.C.,J.Catal.,1980,63:331.
[54]Derouane E.C.,Gabelica Z.J.,J.Catal.,1980,65:48.
[55]WuE.I.,J.Phys.Chem.,1979,83:2777.
[56]Olson D.H.,Kokotallo G.T.,Lawton S.L.,Phys.Chem.,1981,85:2238
[57]张培青,王祥生,郭洪臣等,催化学报,2003,24:900.
[58]郭新闻,王祥生,沈建平等,催化学报,2003,24:333.
[59]张君涛,张耀君,梁生荣,分子催化,2005,19:121.
[60]邓景发,张贵荣,严曼明等,催化学报,1987,8:364.
[61]岳瑛,沈文霞,颜贻春等,高等学校化学学报,1992,13:1503.
[62]李哲,张海荣,黄伟等,分子催化,2005,19:104.
[63]万家义,余林,陈豫,化学研究与应用,1999,11:8.
[64]万家义,余林,陈豫,四川大学学报,1999,36:126.
[65]高玉英,万家义,袁永明等,化学研究与应用,2000,12:137.
[66]Iwamoto M.,Yahiro H.,Tanda K.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.1991,95:3727.
[67]Li J.Y.,Hall W.K.,J.Phys.Chem.1990,94:6145.
[68]Iwamoto M.,Yahiro H.,Catal.Today,1994,22:5.
[69]王晓东,马磊,张涛等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.7.
[70]贾明君,王桂英,李雪梅等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P_34.
[71]徐秀峰,索掌环,李鑫恒等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.7.
[72]王维家,卢立军,宗保宁等,催化学报,2003,24:739.
[73]曾翔,陈继新,单学蕾等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.23.
[74]薛全民,张永春,环境科学研究,2004,17:63.
[75]王红霞,谭大力,徐奕德等,催化学报,2004,25:445.
[76]郑海涛,楼辉,李影辉等,高等学校化学学报,2005,26:285.
[77]陈会英,李永刚,陈为等,分子催化,2005,19:83.
[78]向学,刘盛林,牛雄雷等,石油化工,2004,33:320.
[79]毛东森,张斌,宋庆英等,催化学报,2005,26:365.
[80]赵睿,吕高孟,索继栓等,分子催化,2005,19:115.
[81]李明慧,扬大伟,扬毅等,精细石油化工进展,2005,6:22.
[82]祁晓岚,刘希尧,分子催化,2002,16:312.
[83]陈丙义,杨新丽,杜宝石等,郑州大学学报,2001,33:71.
[84]孙慧勇,胡建仙,王建国等,石油化工,2001,30:188.
[85]Tsapatsis M.,Lovallo M.,Okubo T.et al.,Chem.Mater.,1995,7:1734.
[86]Camblor M.A.,CormaA.,Valencia S.,Micro.Meso.Master.,1998,25:59
[87]王殿中,CN1194942.1997
[88]Loimarm L.D.,Valvocsik E.W.,Eur Pat App121675,1981.
[89]Persson A.E.,Schoeman B.J.,Oterstedt J.E.,Zeolite,1994,14:55.
[90]王中南,殷行知,薛用芳,石油化工.1983,12:744.
[91]ShiralkarV.E,Joshi EN.,Eapen M.J.et al.,Zeolite,1991,11:511.
[92]Kartaloppoulos S.V.,DWDM Technology,2000.
[93]Snitzer E.,Woodcock R.,Appl.Phy.Lett.,1965,6:45.
[94]Miniscalco W.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,9:234.
[95]Ainslie B.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,2:220.
[96]Snitzer E.,J.Quan.Ele.,1968,QE-4:360.
[97]Senescalco K.,Smektala E,Jiang,S.B.et al.,J.Non-cry.Sol.,2003,324:179.
[98]Almedia R.M.,Hand.on the Phy.and Chem.of Rare earth,1997,15:287.
[99]Wang Y.H.,Ohwaki J.,Appl.Phy.Lett.,1993,63:268.
[100]Dejneka M.J.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.,1998,239:149.
[101]Ehrt D.,Cur.Opin.in Sol.andMater.Sci.,2003,7:135.
[102]Ei-Mallawany H.,Tell.Gla.Hand.-Phy.Pro.and Data 2001.
[103]Mori A.,OHishi Y.,Sudo S.,Ele.Lett.,1997,33:863.
[104]Ono H.,Yamada M.,Ohishi Y.,IEEEPho.Tec.Lett.,1997,9:596.
[105]Ainslie B.J.,Davey S.T.,Szebesta D.et al.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.1995,184:225.
[106]Neto J.,Medeiros A.,Taylor E.R.et al.,J.of Non-cry.SoL,1995,184:292.
[107]Bartholomew R.F.,Aiten B.G.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.,1995,184:229.
[108]Tanabe S.,Tamaoka T.,J.of Non-cry.SoL,2003,326:283.
[109]Mori A.,Tamaoka T.,Shikano K.et al.,Ele.Lett.,2007,36:621.
[110]杨建虎,戴世勋,姜中宏,稀土离子的上转换发光及研究进展,2003,23:284.
[111]Marie,J.of Opt.Mater.,1999,11:181.
[112]赵稷玲,候延冰,董金凤,半导体光电,2000,20:241.
[113]高景生,宋昌烈,李成仁等,光电子激光,2004,15:1162.
[114]陈晓波,Saw anobori N.,聂玉昕,物理学报,2000,49:2488.
[115]宋继恩,郭勇,杨广强等,光学技术,2005,31:357.
[116]Tanabe S.et al.,Opt.mater.,2002,19:343.
[117]Miniscalco W.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,9:234.
[118]Nii H.,J.of Lum.,1998,76&77:116.
[119]Yeatman E.M.,Ahmad M.M.,McCarthy O.et al.,Opt.Commun.,1999,164:19.
[120]Polman A.,Proc.SPIE,2000,2:2394.
[121]Polman A.,SPIE,2000,2:3942.
[122]James S.,Wilkinson H.,Martin H.,Cur.Opin.in SoL Stat.& Mater.Sci.,1997, 2:194.
[123]Tang P.S.,Liu X.M.,Liu D.et al.,Chinese J.Lasers,1997,A24:797.
[124]Boutchenkov V.,Kuchma I.,Levoshkin A.et al.,Opt.Commun.,2000,177:383.
[125]Tanguy E.,Larat C.,J.P.Opt.Commun.,1998,153:172.
[126]Saleh A.A.,MJopson R.M.,EvankowJ.D.et al.,IEEE Pho.Tech.Lett.,1990,2:714.
[127]Du G.G,Cheng G F.,Sci.in China,1998,28:535.
[128]Hardy A.,J.Quan.Elec.,1997,33:307.
[129]Tang R S.,Liu X.M.,Liu D.et al.,Act.Opt.Sin.,1997,17:472.
[130]Sugimoto N.,Curt.Opin.in Sol.Sta.&Mater.Sci.,2001,5:471.
[131]Minelly J.,EllisionA.,Opt.Fib.Tech.,2002,8:123.
[132]Dantas N.O.,Qu F.,Arantes J.T.,J.of All.Com.,2002,344:316.
[133]Huang L.H.,Chem.Phy.Lett.,2001,345:235.
[134]MoriA.,Ohishi Y.,Sudo S.,Elec.Lett.,1997,33:863.
[135]Tanabe S.,J.of Lure.,2000,87&89:670.
[136]陈晓波,刘凯,庄建等,物理学报,2002,51:690.
[137]邹快盛,陆敏,李玮楠等,光子学报,2004,33:842.
[138]林新松,陈建中,庄乃锋,福州大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33:366.
[139]阳效良,刘政威,肖思国,光学学与光谱分析,2002,22:357.
[140]Wada Y.J.,Okubo T.,Ryo M.et al.,J..AM.Chem.Soc.,2000,122:8583.
[141]Ryo M.,Wada Y.J.,Okubo T.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2003,107:11302
[142]Sun L.N.,Zhang H.J.,Peng C.Y.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2006,110:7249.
[143]Jacobs.,US,38945931.1974.
[144]Fajula.US,4552648.1984.
[145]李雅丽,当代石油石化,2001,9:31.
[146]龙军,石油炼制与化工,1997,28:24.
[147]苏建明,刘文波,刘剑利,石油炼制与化工,2004,35:18
[148]张威,无机化学学报,2005,7:796.
[149]Francisco J.M.,Carmen M.L.,Maria A.C.et al.,Appl.Catal,1999,181:29.
[150]Rajan K.V.,Ramesh B.,Ramesh S.H.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2006,93:134.
[151]Leonowicz M.E.,Lawton J.A.,Lawton S.L.,Science,1994,264:1910.
[152]Wu P.,Tatsumi T.,Komatsu T.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2001,105:2897.
[153]Yamarnoto k.,Plevert J.,Uneme M.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2002,105:2897.
[154]Kiricsi I.,Flego C.,Perego C.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,1994,98:4627.
[155]Su B.,Norberg V.,Langmuir,1998,14:7410.
[156]陈文,刘琦,赵春霞等,化学学报,2006,64:1969.
[157]徐如人,庞文琴等,分子筛与多孔材料,科学出版社,2004,P.147.
[158]王婷,王悦辉,富名等,稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36:149.
[2]Baerlocher C.,Meier W.M.,Olson D.H.,Atlas of Zeolite frameworks Type,Elsevier(5th Ed),2001.
[3]http://www.iza-structure.org/
[4]Lowenstein W.A.,MineraL,1954,P.39.
[5]Meier W.M.,Molecular Sieves,1968,P.10.
[6]Meier W.M.,Olson D.H.,Atlas of Zeolite structure types.2 nd rev.ed Butterworths,London,1987,P.5.
[7]Smith J.V.,Topochemistry of zeolite and related materials,l.Topology and geometry,Chem.Rev.,1988,88:149.
[8]Bibby D.M.,Dale M.P.,Nature,1985,317:15.
[9]Xiao F.S.,Qiu S.L.,Pang W.Q.,Adv.Mater,1998,11:1091.
[10]Chen J.S.,Pang W.Q.,Xu R.R.,Top.in Catal.,1999,9:93.
[11]Yu J.H.,Xu R.R.,Li J.Y.,Sol.Sta.Sci.,2000,2:181.
[12]Xu L.S.,Xu Q.H.,Zhang H.J.et al.,Mater Sci.andEngin.,2002,88:68.
[13]Yan W.F.,Yu J.H.,Li Y.,J.Sol.Sta.Chem.,2002,167:282.
[14]Xu R.R.,Huo Q.S.,Pang W.Q.,Proc.from the Nin.lnter.Zeo.Conf,1995,P.271.
[15]Xu W.,Dong J.,Li J.et al.,Chem.Commun.,1990:755.
[16]Rao H.R.,Matsulata M.,Chem.Commun.,1996:1441.
[17]Matsukata M.,Nishiyama N.,Ueyama K.,Micro.Mater.,1996,7:109.
[18]Nishiyama N.,Ueyama K.,Matsukata M.,Micro.Mater,1996,7:299.
[19]Bandyopadhyay R.,Kubota Y.,Sugimoto N.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater,1999,32:81.
[20]Wu P.,Liu Y.,Tatsumi T.,Catal.Today,2005,99:233.
[21]Tatsumi T.,Xia Q.,Jappar N.,Chem.Lett.,1997:677.
[22]Tatsumi T.,Jappar N.,J.Phys.Chem.B,1998,102:7126.
[23]Jappar N.,Xia Q.,Tatsumi T.,J.Catal,1998,180:132.
[24]Zhang X.,Ding Y.,Peng Z.,CN 1327947:2001.
[25]Thoma S.G.,NenoffT.M.,Micro.Meso.Mater,2000,41:295.
[26]Kim M.,Li H.,Davis M.E.,Micro.Mater,1993,1:191.
[27]Kim M.,Jung M.,Rhee H.,J.Chem.Eng.,1995,12:410.
[28]Ogura M.,Nakata S.,Kikuchi E.et al.,J.Catal,2001,199:41.
[29]董晋湘,董平,刘光焕等,燃料化学学报,1997,25:7210.
[30]任瑜,董维阳,龙英才,上海化工,2000,20:24.
[31]董维阳,任瑜,龙英才,化学学报,2000,58:1311.
[32]Wu P.,Liu Y.,Tatsumi T.et al.,Catal.Today,2005,99:234.
[33]Yang C.,Xu Q.H.,J.Chem.Soc.Faraday Trans.,1997,93:1675.
[34]Zhang Z.,Liu X.,Xu Y.,Zeolite,1991,11:232.
[35]Bekkum H.V.,Flanigen E.M.,Jacobs P.A.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal.,2001,37:275.
[36]Kraushaar B.,Van-Hooff.J.H.,Catal.Lett.,1988,1:81.
[37]Meng X.,XuW.,Tang S.et al.,Chin.Chem.Lett.,1992,3:69.
[38]Han Y.,Ma H.,Qiu S.L.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,1999,30:321.
[39]Suzuki K.,Zeolite,1983,6:290.
[40]陈连璋,沸石分子筛催化,大连理工大学出版所,1990,P.127.
[41]Guth J.L.,Kessler H.,Higel J.M.et al.,Wey R.ACSSym Set,1989,398(Zeolites Synth):176.
[42]Kessler H.,Patarin J.,Stud.Surf Sci.Catal.,1994,85:75.
[43]焦庆祝,庞文琴,石油学报(石油加工)1992,8:108.
[44]王连波,朱兆武,杨眉等,石油学报(石油加工),1999,15:23.
[45]Aiello R.,Crea F.,Testa F et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2000,35:585.
[46]Barrer R.M.,Acaddemic Press,1992.
[47]徐如人,庞文琴,无机合成与制备化学,高等教育出版社,2002,P.435.
[48]Subotic B.,Graovac A.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal,1985,24:199.
[49]Bronic J.,Subotic B.,Smit I.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal,1988,37:107.
[50]Gonthier S.,Thompson R.W.,Stu.Sur.Sci.Catal.,1994,85:43.
[51]刘志城,沈绍典,田博之等,科学通报,2004,49:325.
[52]Kokotailo G.T.,Lawton S.L.,Olson D.H.et al.,Nature,1978,272:438.
[53]Dezaufve P.,Vedrin J.C.,Derouane E.C.,J.Catal.,1980,63:331.
[54]Derouane E.C.,Gabelica Z.J.,J.Catal.,1980,65:48.
[55]WuE.I.,J.Phys.Chem.,1979,83:2777.
[56]Olson D.H.,Kokotallo G.T.,Lawton S.L.,Phys.Chem.,1981,85:2238
[57]张培青,王祥生,郭洪臣等,催化学报,2003,24:900.
[58]郭新闻,王祥生,沈建平等,催化学报,2003,24:333.
[59]张君涛,张耀君,梁生荣,分子催化,2005,19:121.
[60]邓景发,张贵荣,严曼明等,催化学报,1987,8:364.
[61]岳瑛,沈文霞,颜贻春等,高等学校化学学报,1992,13:1503.
[62]李哲,张海荣,黄伟等,分子催化,2005,19:104.
[63]万家义,余林,陈豫,化学研究与应用,1999,11:8.
[64]万家义,余林,陈豫,四川大学学报,1999,36:126.
[65]高玉英,万家义,袁永明等,化学研究与应用,2000,12:137.
[66]Iwamoto M.,Yahiro H.,Tanda K.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.1991,95:3727.
[67]Li J.Y.,Hall W.K.,J.Phys.Chem.1990,94:6145.
[68]Iwamoto M.,Yahiro H.,Catal.Today,1994,22:5.
[69]王晓东,马磊,张涛等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.7.
[70]贾明君,王桂英,李雪梅等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P_34.
[71]徐秀峰,索掌环,李鑫恒等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.7.
[72]王维家,卢立军,宗保宁等,催化学报,2003,24:739.
[73]曾翔,陈继新,单学蕾等,环境友好催化-首届全国环境催化学术研讨会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1999,P.23.
[74]薛全民,张永春,环境科学研究,2004,17:63.
[75]王红霞,谭大力,徐奕德等,催化学报,2004,25:445.
[76]郑海涛,楼辉,李影辉等,高等学校化学学报,2005,26:285.
[77]陈会英,李永刚,陈为等,分子催化,2005,19:83.
[78]向学,刘盛林,牛雄雷等,石油化工,2004,33:320.
[79]毛东森,张斌,宋庆英等,催化学报,2005,26:365.
[80]赵睿,吕高孟,索继栓等,分子催化,2005,19:115.
[81]李明慧,扬大伟,扬毅等,精细石油化工进展,2005,6:22.
[82]祁晓岚,刘希尧,分子催化,2002,16:312.
[83]陈丙义,杨新丽,杜宝石等,郑州大学学报,2001,33:71.
[84]孙慧勇,胡建仙,王建国等,石油化工,2001,30:188.
[85]Tsapatsis M.,Lovallo M.,Okubo T.et al.,Chem.Mater.,1995,7:1734.
[86]Camblor M.A.,CormaA.,Valencia S.,Micro.Meso.Master.,1998,25:59
[87]王殿中,CN1194942.1997
[88]Loimarm L.D.,Valvocsik E.W.,Eur Pat App121675,1981.
[89]Persson A.E.,Schoeman B.J.,Oterstedt J.E.,Zeolite,1994,14:55.
[90]王中南,殷行知,薛用芳,石油化工.1983,12:744.
[91]ShiralkarV.E,Joshi EN.,Eapen M.J.et al.,Zeolite,1991,11:511.
[92]Kartaloppoulos S.V.,DWDM Technology,2000.
[93]Snitzer E.,Woodcock R.,Appl.Phy.Lett.,1965,6:45.
[94]Miniscalco W.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,9:234.
[95]Ainslie B.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,2:220.
[96]Snitzer E.,J.Quan.Ele.,1968,QE-4:360.
[97]Senescalco K.,Smektala E,Jiang,S.B.et al.,J.Non-cry.Sol.,2003,324:179.
[98]Almedia R.M.,Hand.on the Phy.and Chem.of Rare earth,1997,15:287.
[99]Wang Y.H.,Ohwaki J.,Appl.Phy.Lett.,1993,63:268.
[100]Dejneka M.J.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.,1998,239:149.
[101]Ehrt D.,Cur.Opin.in Sol.andMater.Sci.,2003,7:135.
[102]Ei-Mallawany H.,Tell.Gla.Hand.-Phy.Pro.and Data 2001.
[103]Mori A.,OHishi Y.,Sudo S.,Ele.Lett.,1997,33:863.
[104]Ono H.,Yamada M.,Ohishi Y.,IEEEPho.Tec.Lett.,1997,9:596.
[105]Ainslie B.J.,Davey S.T.,Szebesta D.et al.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.1995,184:225.
[106]Neto J.,Medeiros A.,Taylor E.R.et al.,J.of Non-cry.SoL,1995,184:292.
[107]Bartholomew R.F.,Aiten B.G.,J.of Non-cry.Sol.,1995,184:229.
[108]Tanabe S.,Tamaoka T.,J.of Non-cry.SoL,2003,326:283.
[109]Mori A.,Tamaoka T.,Shikano K.et al.,Ele.Lett.,2007,36:621.
[110]杨建虎,戴世勋,姜中宏,稀土离子的上转换发光及研究进展,2003,23:284.
[111]Marie,J.of Opt.Mater.,1999,11:181.
[112]赵稷玲,候延冰,董金凤,半导体光电,2000,20:241.
[113]高景生,宋昌烈,李成仁等,光电子激光,2004,15:1162.
[114]陈晓波,Saw anobori N.,聂玉昕,物理学报,2000,49:2488.
[115]宋继恩,郭勇,杨广强等,光学技术,2005,31:357.
[116]Tanabe S.et al.,Opt.mater.,2002,19:343.
[117]Miniscalco W.J.,J.Light.Tech.,1991,9:234.
[118]Nii H.,J.of Lum.,1998,76&77:116.
[119]Yeatman E.M.,Ahmad M.M.,McCarthy O.et al.,Opt.Commun.,1999,164:19.
[120]Polman A.,Proc.SPIE,2000,2:2394.
[121]Polman A.,SPIE,2000,2:3942.
[122]James S.,Wilkinson H.,Martin H.,Cur.Opin.in SoL Stat.& Mater.Sci.,1997, 2:194.
[123]Tang P.S.,Liu X.M.,Liu D.et al.,Chinese J.Lasers,1997,A24:797.
[124]Boutchenkov V.,Kuchma I.,Levoshkin A.et al.,Opt.Commun.,2000,177:383.
[125]Tanguy E.,Larat C.,J.P.Opt.Commun.,1998,153:172.
[126]Saleh A.A.,MJopson R.M.,EvankowJ.D.et al.,IEEE Pho.Tech.Lett.,1990,2:714.
[127]Du G.G,Cheng G F.,Sci.in China,1998,28:535.
[128]Hardy A.,J.Quan.Elec.,1997,33:307.
[129]Tang R S.,Liu X.M.,Liu D.et al.,Act.Opt.Sin.,1997,17:472.
[130]Sugimoto N.,Curt.Opin.in Sol.Sta.&Mater.Sci.,2001,5:471.
[131]Minelly J.,EllisionA.,Opt.Fib.Tech.,2002,8:123.
[132]Dantas N.O.,Qu F.,Arantes J.T.,J.of All.Com.,2002,344:316.
[133]Huang L.H.,Chem.Phy.Lett.,2001,345:235.
[134]MoriA.,Ohishi Y.,Sudo S.,Elec.Lett.,1997,33:863.
[135]Tanabe S.,J.of Lure.,2000,87&89:670.
[136]陈晓波,刘凯,庄建等,物理学报,2002,51:690.
[137]邹快盛,陆敏,李玮楠等,光子学报,2004,33:842.
[138]林新松,陈建中,庄乃锋,福州大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33:366.
[139]阳效良,刘政威,肖思国,光学学与光谱分析,2002,22:357.
[140]Wada Y.J.,Okubo T.,Ryo M.et al.,J..AM.Chem.Soc.,2000,122:8583.
[141]Ryo M.,Wada Y.J.,Okubo T.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2003,107:11302
[142]Sun L.N.,Zhang H.J.,Peng C.Y.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2006,110:7249.
[143]Jacobs.,US,38945931.1974.
[144]Fajula.US,4552648.1984.
[145]李雅丽,当代石油石化,2001,9:31.
[146]龙军,石油炼制与化工,1997,28:24.
[147]苏建明,刘文波,刘剑利,石油炼制与化工,2004,35:18
[148]张威,无机化学学报,2005,7:796.
[149]Francisco J.M.,Carmen M.L.,Maria A.C.et al.,Appl.Catal,1999,181:29.
[150]Rajan K.V.,Ramesh B.,Ramesh S.H.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2006,93:134.
[151]Leonowicz M.E.,Lawton J.A.,Lawton S.L.,Science,1994,264:1910.
[152]Wu P.,Tatsumi T.,Komatsu T.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,2001,105:2897.
[153]Yamarnoto k.,Plevert J.,Uneme M.et al.,Micro.Meso.Mater.,2002,105:2897.
[154]Kiricsi I.,Flego C.,Perego C.et al.,J.Phys.Chem.B,1994,98:4627.
[155]Su B.,Norberg V.,Langmuir,1998,14:7410.
[156]陈文,刘琦,赵春霞等,化学学报,2006,64:1969.
[157]徐如人,庞文琴等,分子筛与多孔材料,科学出版社,2004,P.147.
[158]王婷,王悦辉,富名等,稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36:149.