活性污泥法污水处理计算机仿真软件的开发及应用
|
摘要
随着城市生活污水的不断增加，人们也越来越重视对城市生活污水的处理，这就要求我们采用更有效污水处理控制方案来满足日益严格的出水水质及经济效益的要求。活性污泥法污水处理是当前世界上处理工业有机污水和城市生活污水的主要途径。本文的主要目的是讨论活性污泥过程的建模和控制方法，开发一个活性污泥过程仿真器，通过该仿真器可以增强使用者对不同的过程配置、控制策略的理解，从而便于使用者对城市污水处理系统的控制，提高活性污泥法污水处理的效率。
论文第一部分介绍了活性污泥1号模型ASM1，对模型表述形式、污水的水质特性及组分构成作了详细的说明。
论文第二部分主要介绍活性污泥的降阶模型。为了控制应用的需要，本文首先分别建立了缺氧池和好氧池的时变线性状态空间模型，然后把好氧池和缺氧池的时变线性状态空间模型结合起来得到由缺氧和好氧两部份构成的前硝化活性污泥系统的时变双线性模型，最后简单描述了理想状态下沉淀池的模型。
论文第三部分介绍基于MATLAB图形用户界面(GUI)的活性污泥法污水处理计算机模拟及仿真软件的开发，并通过图例具体介绍了该软件的功能及使用方法，同时简单介绍了该仿真软件中使用到的仿真算法及计算的一般程序。
论文最后主要通过输入不同气候条件的输入组分数据，采用外加碳源控制、溶解氧浓度监控控制和内回流流速控制三种典型的控制策略，分析本研究开发的仿真软件在活性污泥过程的应用。
With the increasing municipal wastewater loads, people pay more attentions to the municipal wastewater treatment, so it is the requirement that we develop more efficient procedures for wastewater treatment plants to meet the stricter requirements on effluent quality and economics. The activated sludge process has been extensively utilized for the secondary treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. The aim of this thesis is primarily to propose and illustrate methods for modeling and control of activated sludge processes, develop a simulator for the activated sludge process, in order to possibly strength the users' knowledge for different process plants and the control strategies, and possibly improve process efficiency.
The first part of the thesis introduces the activated sludge model No.l (ASM1), and illustrates the representative method, the characters of the water quality and the different components in detail.
The second part of the thesis includes a derivation of reduced order models for the activated sludge process. Firstly, the paper introduces the derivation of time-varying linear state-space models for the anoxic part and the aerobic part. Secondly, by integrating the anoxic part model with the aerobic part model, we can get the resulting models - a time-varying bilinear state-space model for the activated sludge prenitrification system. Finally, we simply introduce a settler model under the ideal condition.
In the third part, a MATLAB-GUI (graph user interface) based computer simulator of the activated sludge process is developed. An overview of its functions and applications, the algorithms and procedure of simulation are given.
Finally, three representative control strategies, such as the control of external carbon flow rate, the supervision control of the DO process and the control of internal recirculation flow rate, are used in the simulator under different weather conditions, in order to analysis the practicability and feasibility of the simulator.
论文第一部分介绍了活性污泥1号模型ASM1，对模型表述形式、污水的水质特性及组分构成作了详细的说明。
论文第二部分主要介绍活性污泥的降阶模型。为了控制应用的需要，本文首先分别建立了缺氧池和好氧池的时变线性状态空间模型，然后把好氧池和缺氧池的时变线性状态空间模型结合起来得到由缺氧和好氧两部份构成的前硝化活性污泥系统的时变双线性模型，最后简单描述了理想状态下沉淀池的模型。
论文第三部分介绍基于MATLAB图形用户界面(GUI)的活性污泥法污水处理计算机模拟及仿真软件的开发，并通过图例具体介绍了该软件的功能及使用方法，同时简单介绍了该仿真软件中使用到的仿真算法及计算的一般程序。
论文最后主要通过输入不同气候条件的输入组分数据，采用外加碳源控制、溶解氧浓度监控控制和内回流流速控制三种典型的控制策略，分析本研究开发的仿真软件在活性污泥过程的应用。
With the increasing municipal wastewater loads, people pay more attentions to the municipal wastewater treatment, so it is the requirement that we develop more efficient procedures for wastewater treatment plants to meet the stricter requirements on effluent quality and economics. The activated sludge process has been extensively utilized for the secondary treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. The aim of this thesis is primarily to propose and illustrate methods for modeling and control of activated sludge processes, develop a simulator for the activated sludge process, in order to possibly strength the users' knowledge for different process plants and the control strategies, and possibly improve process efficiency.
The first part of the thesis introduces the activated sludge model No.l (ASM1), and illustrates the representative method, the characters of the water quality and the different components in detail.
The second part of the thesis includes a derivation of reduced order models for the activated sludge process. Firstly, the paper introduces the derivation of time-varying linear state-space models for the anoxic part and the aerobic part. Secondly, by integrating the anoxic part model with the aerobic part model, we can get the resulting models - a time-varying bilinear state-space model for the activated sludge prenitrification system. Finally, we simply introduce a settler model under the ideal condition.
In the third part, a MATLAB-GUI (graph user interface) based computer simulator of the activated sludge process is developed. An overview of its functions and applications, the algorithms and procedure of simulation are given.
Finally, three representative control strategies, such as the control of external carbon flow rate, the supervision control of the DO process and the control of internal recirculation flow rate, are used in the simulator under different weather conditions, in order to analysis the practicability and feasibility of the simulator.
引文
[1]霍金胜，活性污泥工艺模型的研究和应用，天津大学硕士论文，2001
[2]李玉友，活性污泥法有机物再污染及净化动力学的研究，天津大学硕士论文，1985
[3]张自杰，林荣忱，金儒霖，排水工程(第三版下册)，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[4] Eekenfedler W.W., Connor D.J., Biological Waste Treatment, New York: Pergamon Press, 1961
[5] MeKinnery R.E., San J., Mathematics of Complete-mixing Activated Sludge, ASCE, 1962, 88(3): 127-138
[6] Larrence A.W., MeCarty P.L., Kinetics of Methane Fermentation in Anaerobic Treatment, J. WPCE, 1969, 41(2): 1-17
[7] Henze M., Grady Jr. C.P.L., Gujer W., Marais GV.R., Mastuo T., Aetivated Sludge Model No. 1, IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Reports No. 1, London: IAWPRC, 1987
[8] Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., Malsuo T., Wentzel M.C., Marais G.V.R., Activated Sludge Model No.2, IAWQ Scientific and Technical Reports No. 3, London: IAWQ, 1995
[9] Gujer W., Henze M., Mino T., Loosdreeht M.V., Activated Sludge Model No.3, Water Seience and Technology, 1999, 39(1): 183-193
[10]北京市市政设计院，简明排水设计手册，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[11]中国市政西南设计院，给水捧水设计手册，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[12]环境工程师手册翻译组，环境工程师手册：水污染及处理，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[13] Lessard E, Beck M.B., Dynamic Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Process, Environment Science and Technology, 1991, 25(1): 30-39
[14] Andrews J.F., Control Strategies for the Anaerobic Digestion Process, Water and Sewage Works, 1975, 122(3): 62-65
[15] Jones G.L., Bacterial Growth Kinetics: Measurement and Significance in the Activated Sludge Process, Water Research, 1973, 7(1): 117-125
[16] Novotny V., Jones H., Feng X., Time Series Analysis Models of Activated Sludge Plants,
Water Science and Technology, 1991, 23(6): 1107-1116
[17] Chang W.C., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Hon C.W., Sludge Pre-cycle Control of Dynamic Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal System: an Application of On-line Fuzzy Controller, Water Research, 1998, 32(3): 727-736
[18] Tsai Y.P., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Wu M.Y., Effluent Suspended Solid Control of Activated Sludge Process by Fuzzy Control Approach, Water Environment Research, 1996, 68(6): 1045-1053
[19] Tsai Y.P., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Wu M.Y., Construction of an On-line Fuzzy Controller for the Dynamic Activated Sludge Process, Water Research, 1994, 28(4): 913-921
[20] Kabouris J.C., Georgakakos A.P., Parameter and State Estimation of theActivated Sludge Process-Ⅱ. Applications, Water Research, 1996, 30(12): 2867-2882
[21] Andrews J.F., Dynamic Control of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Environment Science and Technology, 1994, 28(9): 434-440
[22] Kabouris J.C., Georgakakos A.P., Optimal Control of the Activated Sludge Process. Water Research, 1990, 24(10): 1197-1208
[23] Kabouris J.C,, Georgakakos A.P., Optimal Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Effect of Sludge Storage, Water Research, 1992, 26(4): 507-517
[24] Sincic D., Bailey J.E., Optimal Periodic Control of an Activated Sludge Process- Ⅰ, Result for the Base Case with Monod/Decay Kinetics, Water Research, 1978, 12:47-53
[25] Yeung S.Y.S., Sincic D., Bailey J.E., Optimal Periodic Control of an Activated Sludge Process- Ⅱ. Comparison with Conventional Control for Stmotured Sludge Kinetics, Water Research, 1980, 76(6): 77-80
[26] Andrews J.F., Dynamic Models and Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Process, Water Research, 1974, 8:261-289
[27] Puteh M., Minelawa K., Hashimoto N., Kawase Y., Modeling of activated sludge wastewater treatment processes, Bioprocess Engineering, 1999, 21:249-254
[28] Dong-Jin Choi and Heekyung Park, A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network as a Software Sensor for Optimal Control of a Wastewater Treatment Process, Water Research, 2001, 35(16): 3959-3967
[29] Carlos Filipe, Glen T. Daigger, Evaluation of the capacity of phosphorus-accumulating organisms to use nitrate and oxygen as final electron acceptors: A theoretical study on population dynamics, Water Environmental Research, 1999, 17(6): 1140-1150
[30] Dold P.L., Marais G.R., Evaluation of the general activated sludge model proposed by the IAWPRC task group, Water Science and Technology 1986, 18(6): 63-89
[31] Henze M., Constants in Mathematical Models, IAWPRC Technology Transfer Seminar on Mathematical Modeling of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes, Rome, Italy
[32] Bastin G. and Dochain D., On-line Estimation and Adaptive Control of Bioreactors, Elsevier, 1990
[33] Dochain D. and Vanrolleghem EA., Dynamical Modelling and Estimation in Wastewater Treatment Processes, IWA Publishing, 2001
[34] Jeppsson U., Modelling Aspects of Wastewater Treatment Processes, Phi) Thesis, Department of Industrial Electricai Engineer and Automation, University Sweden, 1996
[35] Takács I., Patry G.G. and Nolasco D., A dynamic Model of the Clarification-Thickening Process, Waster Research, 1991, 25(10): 1263-1271
[36] Samuelsson E and Carlsson B., Feedforward control of the External Carbon Flow Rate in an Activated Sludge Process, Water Science and Technology,, 2001, 43(1): 115-122
[37] Petersen B., Calibration, Identitiability and Optimal Experimental Design of Activated Sludge Models, PhD Thesis, University Gent, 2000
[38]郑钧，线性系统分析，北京：科学出版社，1979
[39] Olsson G. and Newell B., Wastewater Treatment Systems, IWA Publishing, 1999
[40] Mohler R.R. and Kolodziej W.J., An Overview of Bilinear Systems Theory and Applications, IEEE Transaction on Man and Cybernetics, 1980, 10(10): 683-688
[41] Rehnstrom A., Automatic Control of an Activated Sludge Process in a Wastewater Treatment Plant- a Benchmark Study, Master Thesis, 2000
[42]易大义，陈道琦，数值分析引论(第一版)，杭州：浙江大学出版社出版，2001
[43] 苏晓生，掌握MATLAB6.0及其工程应用(第一版)，北京：科学出版社出版，2002
[44]程卫国，冯峰，姚东，徐昕，MATLAB 5.3应用指南(第一版)，北京：人民邮电出版社出版，1999
[45] 王树伟，MATLAB 6．5辅助图像处理(第一版)，北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[46] Holmberg U. and Olsson G., Simultaneous DO Control and Respiration Estimation, Water Science and Technology, 1989, 21(3): 1185-1195
[47] Galarza A., Ayesa E.,Linaza. M.T., Rivas A. and Salteraln A., Application of Mathematical Tools to Improve the Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Plants, The first IWA Conference on ICA, 2:615-622
[2]李玉友，活性污泥法有机物再污染及净化动力学的研究，天津大学硕士论文，1985
[3]张自杰，林荣忱，金儒霖，排水工程(第三版下册)，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[4] Eekenfedler W.W., Connor D.J., Biological Waste Treatment, New York: Pergamon Press, 1961
[5] MeKinnery R.E., San J., Mathematics of Complete-mixing Activated Sludge, ASCE, 1962, 88(3): 127-138
[6] Larrence A.W., MeCarty P.L., Kinetics of Methane Fermentation in Anaerobic Treatment, J. WPCE, 1969, 41(2): 1-17
[7] Henze M., Grady Jr. C.P.L., Gujer W., Marais GV.R., Mastuo T., Aetivated Sludge Model No. 1, IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Reports No. 1, London: IAWPRC, 1987
[8] Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., Malsuo T., Wentzel M.C., Marais G.V.R., Activated Sludge Model No.2, IAWQ Scientific and Technical Reports No. 3, London: IAWQ, 1995
[9] Gujer W., Henze M., Mino T., Loosdreeht M.V., Activated Sludge Model No.3, Water Seience and Technology, 1999, 39(1): 183-193
[10]北京市市政设计院，简明排水设计手册，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[11]中国市政西南设计院，给水捧水设计手册，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[12]环境工程师手册翻译组，环境工程师手册：水污染及处理，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[13] Lessard E, Beck M.B., Dynamic Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Process, Environment Science and Technology, 1991, 25(1): 30-39
[14] Andrews J.F., Control Strategies for the Anaerobic Digestion Process, Water and Sewage Works, 1975, 122(3): 62-65
[15] Jones G.L., Bacterial Growth Kinetics: Measurement and Significance in the Activated Sludge Process, Water Research, 1973, 7(1): 117-125
[16] Novotny V., Jones H., Feng X., Time Series Analysis Models of Activated Sludge Plants,
Water Science and Technology, 1991, 23(6): 1107-1116
[17] Chang W.C., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Hon C.W., Sludge Pre-cycle Control of Dynamic Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal System: an Application of On-line Fuzzy Controller, Water Research, 1998, 32(3): 727-736
[18] Tsai Y.P., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Wu M.Y., Effluent Suspended Solid Control of Activated Sludge Process by Fuzzy Control Approach, Water Environment Research, 1996, 68(6): 1045-1053
[19] Tsai Y.P., Quyang C.F., Chiang W.L., Wu M.Y., Construction of an On-line Fuzzy Controller for the Dynamic Activated Sludge Process, Water Research, 1994, 28(4): 913-921
[20] Kabouris J.C., Georgakakos A.P., Parameter and State Estimation of theActivated Sludge Process-Ⅱ. Applications, Water Research, 1996, 30(12): 2867-2882
[21] Andrews J.F., Dynamic Control of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Environment Science and Technology, 1994, 28(9): 434-440
[22] Kabouris J.C., Georgakakos A.P., Optimal Control of the Activated Sludge Process. Water Research, 1990, 24(10): 1197-1208
[23] Kabouris J.C,, Georgakakos A.P., Optimal Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Effect of Sludge Storage, Water Research, 1992, 26(4): 507-517
[24] Sincic D., Bailey J.E., Optimal Periodic Control of an Activated Sludge Process- Ⅰ, Result for the Base Case with Monod/Decay Kinetics, Water Research, 1978, 12:47-53
[25] Yeung S.Y.S., Sincic D., Bailey J.E., Optimal Periodic Control of an Activated Sludge Process- Ⅱ. Comparison with Conventional Control for Stmotured Sludge Kinetics, Water Research, 1980, 76(6): 77-80
[26] Andrews J.F., Dynamic Models and Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Process, Water Research, 1974, 8:261-289
[27] Puteh M., Minelawa K., Hashimoto N., Kawase Y., Modeling of activated sludge wastewater treatment processes, Bioprocess Engineering, 1999, 21:249-254
[28] Dong-Jin Choi and Heekyung Park, A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network as a Software Sensor for Optimal Control of a Wastewater Treatment Process, Water Research, 2001, 35(16): 3959-3967
[29] Carlos Filipe, Glen T. Daigger, Evaluation of the capacity of phosphorus-accumulating organisms to use nitrate and oxygen as final electron acceptors: A theoretical study on population dynamics, Water Environmental Research, 1999, 17(6): 1140-1150
[30] Dold P.L., Marais G.R., Evaluation of the general activated sludge model proposed by the IAWPRC task group, Water Science and Technology 1986, 18(6): 63-89
[31] Henze M., Constants in Mathematical Models, IAWPRC Technology Transfer Seminar on Mathematical Modeling of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes, Rome, Italy
[32] Bastin G. and Dochain D., On-line Estimation and Adaptive Control of Bioreactors, Elsevier, 1990
[33] Dochain D. and Vanrolleghem EA., Dynamical Modelling and Estimation in Wastewater Treatment Processes, IWA Publishing, 2001
[34] Jeppsson U., Modelling Aspects of Wastewater Treatment Processes, Phi) Thesis, Department of Industrial Electricai Engineer and Automation, University Sweden, 1996
[35] Takács I., Patry G.G. and Nolasco D., A dynamic Model of the Clarification-Thickening Process, Waster Research, 1991, 25(10): 1263-1271
[36] Samuelsson E and Carlsson B., Feedforward control of the External Carbon Flow Rate in an Activated Sludge Process, Water Science and Technology,, 2001, 43(1): 115-122
[37] Petersen B., Calibration, Identitiability and Optimal Experimental Design of Activated Sludge Models, PhD Thesis, University Gent, 2000
[38]郑钧，线性系统分析，北京：科学出版社，1979
[39] Olsson G. and Newell B., Wastewater Treatment Systems, IWA Publishing, 1999
[40] Mohler R.R. and Kolodziej W.J., An Overview of Bilinear Systems Theory and Applications, IEEE Transaction on Man and Cybernetics, 1980, 10(10): 683-688
[41] Rehnstrom A., Automatic Control of an Activated Sludge Process in a Wastewater Treatment Plant- a Benchmark Study, Master Thesis, 2000
[42]易大义，陈道琦，数值分析引论(第一版)，杭州：浙江大学出版社出版，2001
[43] 苏晓生，掌握MATLAB6.0及其工程应用(第一版)，北京：科学出版社出版，2002
[44]程卫国，冯峰，姚东，徐昕，MATLAB 5.3应用指南(第一版)，北京：人民邮电出版社出版，1999
[45] 王树伟，MATLAB 6．5辅助图像处理(第一版)，北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[46] Holmberg U. and Olsson G., Simultaneous DO Control and Respiration Estimation, Water Science and Technology, 1989, 21(3): 1185-1195
[47] Galarza A., Ayesa E.,Linaza. M.T., Rivas A. and Salteraln A., Application of Mathematical Tools to Improve the Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Plants, The first IWA Conference on ICA, 2:615-622