铜管铝翅片对流散热器结构型式优化的研究
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摘要
近年来我国散热器行业发展迅猛,各种新型的散热器不断涌现,铜管铝翅片散热器就是在近年来出现的一种新型的铜铝对流式散热器。在北美,铜管铝片对流型散热器已经成为市场的主流,市场占有量已达80%,是美﹑加两国最主流的采暖散热器形式。该类散热器进入我国市场后,发展非常迅速,目前国内对各种对流式散热器的研究很多,但是针对铜管铝翅片对流散热器的换热过程的理论研究还不多,尤其是对该类散热器结构型式优化的研究几乎没有涉及。
本论文通过对铜管铝翅片对流散热器的换热机理分析,首先分析影响对流换热过程的各种因素,建立了该型式散热器在自然对流条件下其对流换热的物理模型和计算模型。然后应用MATLAB语言编制散热量计算程序,计算了5种常见型式的铜管铝翅片对流器在不同工况下的散热量,并通过与散热量测试实验得到的数据进行对比,验证了计算模型和散热量计算程序的正确性和可靠性。
利用该计算模型和散热量计算程序进行铜管铝翅片对流器结构型式的优化计算,计算了铜管铝翅片对流器在常见的不同的铜管数目、铜管排列型式、外罩高度、外罩宽度、翅片高度、翅片宽度、翅片厚度、翅片间距条件下的散热量,从中找出几种型式组合,其散热性能是较好的,并考虑实际使用条件,给出了铜管铝翅片对流器散热量与外罩高度、外罩宽度的关系,给出了一定条件下散热器的铜管最佳排列形式、最优翅片高度、翅片宽度、翅片厚度和翅片间距。
用MATLAB编制的散热量计算程序,使用方便,计算速度快,只要给定铜管铝翅片对流散热器的型式参数,能很快算出某型式散热器在给定工况下的散热量,为铜管铝翅片对流散热器结构型式优化计算提供了有效手段。
In recent years Chinese radiator industry has gained rapid development, a wide range of innovative radiator will continue to emerge,the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is just one of the new-style radiators.In North America,this style of radiator has become the mainstream,the market share of 80 per cent of the total.the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is developing very rapidly after introduced into China’s market.However, domestic production of such products is basically copying the model in North America,can not be a good combination of China's national conditions to produce.At present there is a lot of research of the various domestic convection-style of radiators, but there is still lack of the theoretical study for the heat transfer process of radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin.expecially the optimization for structure of that style of radiator is almost not involved.
In this paper,the heat transfer mechanism of the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is analyzed.Firstly,by analyize the factors which influencing heat transfer process,established the physical model and calculation model of this style of radiator under natural convection.Secondly, programming to calculate the heat dissipating capacity for this style of radiator by use MATLAB language,and then the heat dissipating capacities of five common styles of radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin under different conditions were calculated.Finally,by campare the calculation data with experimental data of heat dissipating capacity,the acurracy and reliability of the calculation model and the heat dissipation calculating program were verified.
Based upon above theoretical basis,the optimization for the structure of the convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is proceeded.The heat dissipating capacity of radiator under various common numbers of tubes,patterns of tube arrangement,dustcoat heights,dustcoat widths,fin heights,fin widths,fin thicknesses, fin spacings is simulated.And then to find several combinations of these parameters under whom the heat perfomance of radiators are better.And it also takes into account the actual conditions of use,gets the relationship between heat dissipation and dustcoat height,dustcoat width,gets optimum patterns of tube arrangement,fin heights,fin widths,fin thicknesses,fin spacings under certain conditions.
The heat dissipating capacity calculating program which programmed by using MATLAB,is easy to use and can computes fast,as long as the parameters of convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin are given,the program can calculates the heat dissipating capacity of the radiator under certain working condition quickly, provided an effective method to optimize the structure of the convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin.
本论文通过对铜管铝翅片对流散热器的换热机理分析,首先分析影响对流换热过程的各种因素,建立了该型式散热器在自然对流条件下其对流换热的物理模型和计算模型。然后应用MATLAB语言编制散热量计算程序,计算了5种常见型式的铜管铝翅片对流器在不同工况下的散热量,并通过与散热量测试实验得到的数据进行对比,验证了计算模型和散热量计算程序的正确性和可靠性。
利用该计算模型和散热量计算程序进行铜管铝翅片对流器结构型式的优化计算,计算了铜管铝翅片对流器在常见的不同的铜管数目、铜管排列型式、外罩高度、外罩宽度、翅片高度、翅片宽度、翅片厚度、翅片间距条件下的散热量,从中找出几种型式组合,其散热性能是较好的,并考虑实际使用条件,给出了铜管铝翅片对流器散热量与外罩高度、外罩宽度的关系,给出了一定条件下散热器的铜管最佳排列形式、最优翅片高度、翅片宽度、翅片厚度和翅片间距。
用MATLAB编制的散热量计算程序,使用方便,计算速度快,只要给定铜管铝翅片对流散热器的型式参数,能很快算出某型式散热器在给定工况下的散热量,为铜管铝翅片对流散热器结构型式优化计算提供了有效手段。
In recent years Chinese radiator industry has gained rapid development, a wide range of innovative radiator will continue to emerge,the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is just one of the new-style radiators.In North America,this style of radiator has become the mainstream,the market share of 80 per cent of the total.the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is developing very rapidly after introduced into China’s market.However, domestic production of such products is basically copying the model in North America,can not be a good combination of China's national conditions to produce.At present there is a lot of research of the various domestic convection-style of radiators, but there is still lack of the theoretical study for the heat transfer process of radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin.expecially the optimization for structure of that style of radiator is almost not involved.
In this paper,the heat transfer mechanism of the radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is analyzed.Firstly,by analyize the factors which influencing heat transfer process,established the physical model and calculation model of this style of radiator under natural convection.Secondly, programming to calculate the heat dissipating capacity for this style of radiator by use MATLAB language,and then the heat dissipating capacities of five common styles of radiator with copper-tube and aluminum-fin under different conditions were calculated.Finally,by campare the calculation data with experimental data of heat dissipating capacity,the acurracy and reliability of the calculation model and the heat dissipation calculating program were verified.
Based upon above theoretical basis,the optimization for the structure of the convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin is proceeded.The heat dissipating capacity of radiator under various common numbers of tubes,patterns of tube arrangement,dustcoat heights,dustcoat widths,fin heights,fin widths,fin thicknesses, fin spacings is simulated.And then to find several combinations of these parameters under whom the heat perfomance of radiators are better.And it also takes into account the actual conditions of use,gets the relationship between heat dissipation and dustcoat height,dustcoat width,gets optimum patterns of tube arrangement,fin heights,fin widths,fin thicknesses,fin spacings under certain conditions.
The heat dissipating capacity calculating program which programmed by using MATLAB,is easy to use and can computes fast,as long as the parameters of convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin are given,the program can calculates the heat dissipating capacity of the radiator under certain working condition quickly, provided an effective method to optimize the structure of the convector with copper-tube and aluminum-fin.
引文
1肖曰嵘,宋为民.铜管对流散热器的分析.暖通空调, 2007, 37(1): 60~62
2牟灵泉,宋为民,肖曰嵘,董重成.我国采暖散热器发展方向探索.中国建筑金属结构, 2007, 1: 32~36
3牟灵泉,牟萌,楚广明等.住宅适用的新型铜铝散热器.建筑热能通风空调, 2003, 22(2) : 47~49
4肖曰嵘.关于对流散热器的相关问题.暖通空调, 2004 , 34(1): 57~61
5肖曰嵘.国外散热器技术进步的启示.中国住宅设施, 2005, 11: 21~23
6孙德兴.肋片管簇优化方法.制冷学报, 1981, 4: 9~21
7董重成,马继涌,范洪波,张宝利.螺旋翅片管簇散热器优化设计.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1994, 27(6): 66~72
8高军,李晓冬,许世杰.大空间对流散热器供暖的数值研究.低温建筑技术, 2003, 6: 76~77
9蒋翔,李晓欣,朱冬生.几种翅片管换热器的应用研究.化工进展. 2003, 22(2): 183~186
10王莉莉.铜管铝翅片散热器的理论研究及仿真模拟设计.天津大学硕士研究生毕业论文. 2003
11陈建芳,张双喜.散热器肋片的数值计算和结构优化.建筑热能通风空调, 2004, 23(2): 77~80
12康海军,李斌,李惠珍,辛荣昌,陶文铨.平直翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报. 1994, 28(1): 91~98
13王厚华,杨延萍.单片矩形翅片表面的换热系数分布.重庆建筑大学学报, 1998, 20(5): 57~60
14李振玲,于维勋,刘兰芳.空气强迫横掠螺纹管对流传热特性的实验研究.大连铁道学院学报. 1994, 15(4): 68~71
15李春兰,杨国恒.螺纹管和翅片管传热性能分析及其应用.石油化工设备. 1997, 26(6): 39~41
16杨小琼,王启杰,王晓军等.翅片管热疲劳实验及接触热阻测定.西安交通大学学报, 1996, 30(8): 45~50
17 F. C. McQuiston Fin Efficiency with Combined Heat and Mass Transfer.ASHRAE Transactions, 1975, 81: 350~355
18 F. C. McQuiston Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer Data for Five Plate Fin Tube Heat Transfer Surfaces. ASHRAE Transactions, 1978, 84: 266~293
19 P. J. Hegg, P. R. stones. The Effects of Non-Uniform Heat Transfer Coefficients in the Design of Finned Tube Air-colled Heat Exchangers. International Heat Transfer Conference, 7PthP Munchen, 1982, 3: 209~214
20 H. Schlichting Boundary-Layer Theory. 7PthP McGRoW-Hill Book Comp, 1979, 4: 402~421
21程尚模等.空气横掠滴形管的换热和流动阻力.工程热物理学会会议论文, 1987, 58~61
22 R. J. Preece, Hitchcock Ja, Comparative Performance Characteristics of Some Extend Surfaces for Air-Cooled Applications. The Chemical Engineer, 1972, 6: 657~663
23 A. F. Tsai, W. H. Tony Sheu. Some Physical Insights into a Two-Row Finned-Tube Heat Transfer. Computers&Fluids, 1998, 27(1): 29~46
24王厚华.外掠单排矩形翅片管的强化换热实验研究.暖通空调, 1995, 25(6): 34~37
25何加驹.翅管对流放热机理新表述.热能动力工程, 1998, 13(75): 229~231
26 W. M.罗森诺.传热学基础手册(上册): 434~440
27 J. R. Bodoia, J. F. Osterle The Development of Free Convection BetWeen Heated Vertical Plates. Trans. ASME J. of Heat Transfer, 1982, 84: 40~43
28过增元.热流体力学.北京:清华大学出版社, 1992
29过增元,布卫红,张冠忠.流动系统中的热阻力和热绕流现象(I).工程热物理学报, 1985, 6(2): 160~165
30过增元,李志信,桂业伟.竖通道自然对流变物性影响和热阻力.工程热物理学报, 1988, 9(3): 262~265
31黄素逸,廖四清等.竖通道中自然对流的流动阻塞与热阻塞.华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(增(1)): 151~155
32 Adrian Bejan, J. Alex Fowler, George Stanescu. The Optimal Spacing Between Horizontal Cylinders in a Fixed Volume Cooledby Natural Convection. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1995, 38(11): 2047~2055
33 A. Auletta, O. Manca, B. Morrone. Heat Transfer Enhancement by theChimney Effect in a Vertical Isoflux Channel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2001, 44: 4345~4357
34 D. A. Roberts, J. M. Floryan. Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Entrance Zone of a Vertical Channel. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 1998, 120: 290~291
35李绪泉,赵凯,张双喜等.高频焊翅片管散热器外罩传热性能的研究.青岛建筑工程学院学报, 1998, 19(4): 37~40
36李志信,桂业伟,过增元等.温竖平板通道自然对流换热优化的实验与理论研究.工程热物理学报, 1989, 10(4): 433~435
37张维佳,潘大林.工程流体力学, 2001
38 G. A. Shahin, J. M. Floryan. Heat Transfer Enhancement Generated by the Chimney Effect in Systems of Vertical Channels. ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1999, 121: 230~232
39董重成,包忠富,李晓璐.高频翅焊片散热器换热的实验研究.应用能源技术, 97, 2: 19~22
40 D. L. Gray, R. L. Webb Heat Transfer and Friction Correlations for Plate Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers Having Plain Fins. Proceedings of the Eighth International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 1986, 6: 2745~ 2750
41康海军,李斌,李惠珍.平直翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报, 1994, 28(1): 91~98
42 Z. Q. Chen, J. X. Ren Effect of Fin Spacing on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of a Two-Row Plate Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger. INT. J. Refrig. 1988, 11: 356~360
43周爱平.过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析.焦作工学院学报(自然科学版), 2000, 19(1): 45~49
44 Fethi Halici, Iemdat Taymaz, Mehmet Guenduez. The Effect of the Number of Tube Rows on Heat. Mass and Momentum Transfer in Flat-Plate Finned Tube Heat Exchangers. Energy, 2001, 6: 963~972
45章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞明.传热学.北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
46 T. E. Schmidt Heat Transfer Calculations for Extended Surfaces. Refrigerat- ing Engineering, 1949, 57: 351~360
47 M. Warren Rohsenow, James P. Hartnett, Young I. Cho. Handbook of Heat Transfer. McGraW-Hill Companies, 1998
48中华人民共和国国家技术监督局. GB/T 13754-92.采暖散热器散热量测定方法.北京:中华人民共和国建设部, 1993-04-01
2牟灵泉,宋为民,肖曰嵘,董重成.我国采暖散热器发展方向探索.中国建筑金属结构, 2007, 1: 32~36
3牟灵泉,牟萌,楚广明等.住宅适用的新型铜铝散热器.建筑热能通风空调, 2003, 22(2) : 47~49
4肖曰嵘.关于对流散热器的相关问题.暖通空调, 2004 , 34(1): 57~61
5肖曰嵘.国外散热器技术进步的启示.中国住宅设施, 2005, 11: 21~23
6孙德兴.肋片管簇优化方法.制冷学报, 1981, 4: 9~21
7董重成,马继涌,范洪波,张宝利.螺旋翅片管簇散热器优化设计.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1994, 27(6): 66~72
8高军,李晓冬,许世杰.大空间对流散热器供暖的数值研究.低温建筑技术, 2003, 6: 76~77
9蒋翔,李晓欣,朱冬生.几种翅片管换热器的应用研究.化工进展. 2003, 22(2): 183~186
10王莉莉.铜管铝翅片散热器的理论研究及仿真模拟设计.天津大学硕士研究生毕业论文. 2003
11陈建芳,张双喜.散热器肋片的数值计算和结构优化.建筑热能通风空调, 2004, 23(2): 77~80
12康海军,李斌,李惠珍,辛荣昌,陶文铨.平直翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报. 1994, 28(1): 91~98
13王厚华,杨延萍.单片矩形翅片表面的换热系数分布.重庆建筑大学学报, 1998, 20(5): 57~60
14李振玲,于维勋,刘兰芳.空气强迫横掠螺纹管对流传热特性的实验研究.大连铁道学院学报. 1994, 15(4): 68~71
15李春兰,杨国恒.螺纹管和翅片管传热性能分析及其应用.石油化工设备. 1997, 26(6): 39~41
16杨小琼,王启杰,王晓军等.翅片管热疲劳实验及接触热阻测定.西安交通大学学报, 1996, 30(8): 45~50
17 F. C. McQuiston Fin Efficiency with Combined Heat and Mass Transfer.ASHRAE Transactions, 1975, 81: 350~355
18 F. C. McQuiston Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer Data for Five Plate Fin Tube Heat Transfer Surfaces. ASHRAE Transactions, 1978, 84: 266~293
19 P. J. Hegg, P. R. stones. The Effects of Non-Uniform Heat Transfer Coefficients in the Design of Finned Tube Air-colled Heat Exchangers. International Heat Transfer Conference, 7PthP Munchen, 1982, 3: 209~214
20 H. Schlichting Boundary-Layer Theory. 7PthP McGRoW-Hill Book Comp, 1979, 4: 402~421
21程尚模等.空气横掠滴形管的换热和流动阻力.工程热物理学会会议论文, 1987, 58~61
22 R. J. Preece, Hitchcock Ja, Comparative Performance Characteristics of Some Extend Surfaces for Air-Cooled Applications. The Chemical Engineer, 1972, 6: 657~663
23 A. F. Tsai, W. H. Tony Sheu. Some Physical Insights into a Two-Row Finned-Tube Heat Transfer. Computers&Fluids, 1998, 27(1): 29~46
24王厚华.外掠单排矩形翅片管的强化换热实验研究.暖通空调, 1995, 25(6): 34~37
25何加驹.翅管对流放热机理新表述.热能动力工程, 1998, 13(75): 229~231
26 W. M.罗森诺.传热学基础手册(上册): 434~440
27 J. R. Bodoia, J. F. Osterle The Development of Free Convection BetWeen Heated Vertical Plates. Trans. ASME J. of Heat Transfer, 1982, 84: 40~43
28过增元.热流体力学.北京:清华大学出版社, 1992
29过增元,布卫红,张冠忠.流动系统中的热阻力和热绕流现象(I).工程热物理学报, 1985, 6(2): 160~165
30过增元,李志信,桂业伟.竖通道自然对流变物性影响和热阻力.工程热物理学报, 1988, 9(3): 262~265
31黄素逸,廖四清等.竖通道中自然对流的流动阻塞与热阻塞.华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(增(1)): 151~155
32 Adrian Bejan, J. Alex Fowler, George Stanescu. The Optimal Spacing Between Horizontal Cylinders in a Fixed Volume Cooledby Natural Convection. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1995, 38(11): 2047~2055
33 A. Auletta, O. Manca, B. Morrone. Heat Transfer Enhancement by theChimney Effect in a Vertical Isoflux Channel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2001, 44: 4345~4357
34 D. A. Roberts, J. M. Floryan. Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Entrance Zone of a Vertical Channel. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 1998, 120: 290~291
35李绪泉,赵凯,张双喜等.高频焊翅片管散热器外罩传热性能的研究.青岛建筑工程学院学报, 1998, 19(4): 37~40
36李志信,桂业伟,过增元等.温竖平板通道自然对流换热优化的实验与理论研究.工程热物理学报, 1989, 10(4): 433~435
37张维佳,潘大林.工程流体力学, 2001
38 G. A. Shahin, J. M. Floryan. Heat Transfer Enhancement Generated by the Chimney Effect in Systems of Vertical Channels. ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1999, 121: 230~232
39董重成,包忠富,李晓璐.高频翅焊片散热器换热的实验研究.应用能源技术, 97, 2: 19~22
40 D. L. Gray, R. L. Webb Heat Transfer and Friction Correlations for Plate Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers Having Plain Fins. Proceedings of the Eighth International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 1986, 6: 2745~ 2750
41康海军,李斌,李惠珍.平直翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报, 1994, 28(1): 91~98
42 Z. Q. Chen, J. X. Ren Effect of Fin Spacing on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of a Two-Row Plate Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger. INT. J. Refrig. 1988, 11: 356~360
43周爱平.过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析.焦作工学院学报(自然科学版), 2000, 19(1): 45~49
44 Fethi Halici, Iemdat Taymaz, Mehmet Guenduez. The Effect of the Number of Tube Rows on Heat. Mass and Momentum Transfer in Flat-Plate Finned Tube Heat Exchangers. Energy, 2001, 6: 963~972
45章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞明.传热学.北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
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