棱柱式滑行艇的垂向水动力计算
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摘要
一直以来,水面高性能船舶的水动力性能研究都是大家关注的热点问题,而作为高性能船舶的一种,对水面滑行艇的相关研究也一直都在进行。
滑行艇高速滑行时水动力性能的计算研究是目前船舶水动力计算领域中的一个难点。本论文旨在对棱柱式滑行艇在一定的纵倾状态下,以恒定的速度滑行前进时所受的垂向作用力和纵倾力矩的计算进行初步的研究,为滑行艇的稳定性分析奠定基础。
本文采用Faltinsen等人提出的2D+t理论对棱柱式滑行艇的垂向水动力系数和纵倾力矩系数进行数值计算。
应用二维的入水分析方法,在随体坐标系内进行定常流动的2D+t分析,将所研究的固连于大地坐标系的平面内的流动,等价于二维变形截面入水所造成的流动。本文中,以势流理论为基础,采用边界元法在时域内求解二维楔形以恒定速度入水的问题,求得楔形体表面的压力分布,对得到的压力分布进行积分,来计算滑行艇体的垂向作用力和纵倾力矩。在二维楔形入水问题的求解计算中,考虑重力的影响、采用线性边界元、四阶龙格-库塔的时间步进模式对问题进行处理,应用伯努利方程来计算楔形体表面的垂向作用力。
本文将数值计算的结果与Troesch的模型实验结果进行了比较,验证了文中所采用的方法在滑行艇的水动力计算研究中的可行性,为该问题后续的深入研究指明了方向。
The research of the hydrodynamics of the high performance marine vehicle is the hotspot for quite a long time. As a kind of the high performance marine vehicle, the research of the planing hull has been paid a lot of attention by the researchers.
The hydrodynamics computation of the planing hull in the state of planing with a high speed is a hard problem in the field of hydrodynamics calculation of marine vehicle. This dissertation aims at the elementary research of the prediction of the vertical force and pitch moment of a prismatic planing hull which is planing forward with a constant high speed and with a constant trim angle, and also provide the basis for the stability analysis of a planing hull.
The 2D+t theory that is put forward by Faltinsen is used to numerically calculate the vertical force coefficient and trimming moment coefficient of prismatic planing hulls.
The method of two dimensional water entry analysis is used for the steady 2D+t analysis in ship-fixed coordinate system, the flow that is researched in a plane in an earth-fixed coordinate system is equivalent to the flow generated by the water entry of a two dimensional deformable cross section. In this dissertation, the two dimensional water entry problem of a wedge with a constant vertical speed is solved by the boundary element method in the time domain based on the potential theory, and the force distribution on the surface of the wedge is acquired, then the force distribution is integrated to calculate the total vertical force and the pitch moment of the planing hull. In the simulation of the two dimensional water entry problem, the influence of gravity is considered, the linear boundary element and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta time stepping mode is used to solved the problem, in addition, the Bernoulli's equation is used to calculated the vertical force on the wedge surface.
In this dissertation, the numerical results are compared with the Troesch's experiments results, the feasibility of the numerical method which is used in the dissertation is verified, and the direction for further research in the future is pointed out.
滑行艇高速滑行时水动力性能的计算研究是目前船舶水动力计算领域中的一个难点。本论文旨在对棱柱式滑行艇在一定的纵倾状态下,以恒定的速度滑行前进时所受的垂向作用力和纵倾力矩的计算进行初步的研究,为滑行艇的稳定性分析奠定基础。
本文采用Faltinsen等人提出的2D+t理论对棱柱式滑行艇的垂向水动力系数和纵倾力矩系数进行数值计算。
应用二维的入水分析方法,在随体坐标系内进行定常流动的2D+t分析,将所研究的固连于大地坐标系的平面内的流动,等价于二维变形截面入水所造成的流动。本文中,以势流理论为基础,采用边界元法在时域内求解二维楔形以恒定速度入水的问题,求得楔形体表面的压力分布,对得到的压力分布进行积分,来计算滑行艇体的垂向作用力和纵倾力矩。在二维楔形入水问题的求解计算中,考虑重力的影响、采用线性边界元、四阶龙格-库塔的时间步进模式对问题进行处理,应用伯努利方程来计算楔形体表面的垂向作用力。
本文将数值计算的结果与Troesch的模型实验结果进行了比较,验证了文中所采用的方法在滑行艇的水动力计算研究中的可行性,为该问题后续的深入研究指明了方向。
The research of the hydrodynamics of the high performance marine vehicle is the hotspot for quite a long time. As a kind of the high performance marine vehicle, the research of the planing hull has been paid a lot of attention by the researchers.
The hydrodynamics computation of the planing hull in the state of planing with a high speed is a hard problem in the field of hydrodynamics calculation of marine vehicle. This dissertation aims at the elementary research of the prediction of the vertical force and pitch moment of a prismatic planing hull which is planing forward with a constant high speed and with a constant trim angle, and also provide the basis for the stability analysis of a planing hull.
The 2D+t theory that is put forward by Faltinsen is used to numerically calculate the vertical force coefficient and trimming moment coefficient of prismatic planing hulls.
The method of two dimensional water entry analysis is used for the steady 2D+t analysis in ship-fixed coordinate system, the flow that is researched in a plane in an earth-fixed coordinate system is equivalent to the flow generated by the water entry of a two dimensional deformable cross section. In this dissertation, the two dimensional water entry problem of a wedge with a constant vertical speed is solved by the boundary element method in the time domain based on the potential theory, and the force distribution on the surface of the wedge is acquired, then the force distribution is integrated to calculate the total vertical force and the pitch moment of the planing hull. In the simulation of the two dimensional water entry problem, the influence of gravity is considered, the linear boundary element and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta time stepping mode is used to solved the problem, in addition, the Bernoulli's equation is used to calculated the vertical force on the wedge surface.
In this dissertation, the numerical results are compared with the Troesch's experiments results, the feasibility of the numerical method which is used in the dissertation is verified, and the direction for further research in the future is pointed out.
引文
[1]Day, J. P. and Hagg, R. J. Planing Boat Porpoising. Thesis submitted to Webb Institute of Naval Architecture, Glen Cove, N. Y., May 1952.
[2]Savitsky, D.,1964, Hydrodynamic design of planing hulls, Marine Technology,1,1,71-96.
[3]Altman, R.1968. The steady-state and oscillatory hydrodynamics of a 20 degree deadrise planing surface. Hydronautics, Inc., Technical Report 603-2, Laurel, Md.
[4]Fridsma, G.1969. A systematic study of rough-water performance of planing boats. Davidson Laboratory, Report No.1275, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J.
[5]Fridsma, G.1971. A systematic study of rough-water performance of planing boats(irregular waves-part II). Davidson Laboratory, Report No. DL-71-1495, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J.
[6]Ogilvie, T. F. AND SHEN, Y-T.1973. Flutter-like oscillation of a planing plate. Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. Report No.146, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
[7]De Zwaan, A. P.1973. Oscillatieproeven met een planerende wig. Report No.376-M, Laboratorium voor Scheepsbouwkunde. Technische Hogeschool, Delft, The Netherlands.
[8]Troesch, A. W.1992. On the hydrodynamics of vertically oscillating planing hulls. Journal of Ship Research 36(4), pp.317-331.
[9]Troesch, A. W. & Falzarano, J. M.1993. Modern nonlinear dynamical analysis of vertical plane motion of planing hulls. Journal of Ship Research 37(3), pp.189-199.
[10]Hsu, C. C.1967. On the motions of high speed planing craft. Hydronautics, Inc., Technical Report 603-1, Laurel, Md.
[11]Martin, M.1978. Theoretical Determination of Porpoising Instability of High-Speed Planing Boats in waves, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.22, No,3, Sept 1978.
[12]Munk, M.1924. The aerodynamic forces on airship hulls. NACA Report No.184, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
[13]Wanger, H.1931. Landing of seaplanes. NACA TN 622 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
[14]Zarnick, E. E.1978. A nonlinear mathematical model of motions of a planing boat in regular waves. DTNSRDC Report 78/032 David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Bethesda, Md.
[15]White, J. A. and Savitsky, D.1988. Seakeeping predictions for USCG hard chine patrol boats, SNAME, New York Metropolitan Section, June 16.
[16]Payne, P. R.1990. Boat 3D-a time-domain computer program for planing craft. Payne Associates, Stenensville, Md.
[17]On the Hydrodynamics of Vertically Oscillating Planing Hulls. Armin W., Troesch Journal of Ship Research, Vol.36, No.4, Dec.1992, pp.317-331.
[18]Zhao R, Faltinsen OM 1993. Water entry of two-dimensional bodies. J. Fluid Mech.246,593-612.
[19]Zhao R, Faltinsen OM, Haslum HA 1997. A simplified nonlinear analysis of a high-speed planing craft in calm water. In:Proc. Fourth International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation, Sydney, Australia, July 1997.
[20]Xu L, Troesch AW, Vorus WS 1998. Asymmetric vessel impact and planing hydrodynamics. J. Ship Res.42,187-198.
[21]Faltinsen OM 2001. Steady and vertical dynamic behavior of prismatic planing hulls. In:Proc.22nd International Conference HAD AMR, October,2001, Varna, Bulgaria.
[22]Hughes OF 1972. Solution of the wedge entry problem by numerical conformal mapping. J. Fluid Mech.56(1),173-192.
[23]Greco M 2001. A two dimensional study of green-water loading. Ph.D Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
[24]Faltinsen OM 2002. Water entry of a wedge with finite deadrise angle. J. Ship Res.46(1),39-51.
[25]Wu,G.X., Sun, H, He, Y.S. Numerical simulation and experimental study of water entry of a wedge in free fall motion, J. of Fluids and Structures,2004,Vol.19, 277-289P.
[26]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. The influence of gravity on the performance of planing vessels in calm water. J. Eng. Math.2007.
[27]许国东 流体/刚体砰击问题及相似解研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2008
[28]段文洋 船舶大幅运动非线性水动力研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,1995
[29]张军,张志荣,洪方文,赵峰 楔形体入水初期流场的数值模拟.[J]船舶力学.Vol.7, No.4,2003.
[30]卢炽华,何友声 船体砰击问题的非线性边界元分析.[J]水动力学研究与进展.Vol.14, No.2, June.1999.
[31]陈震,肖熙 二维楔形体入水砰击仿真研究.[J]上海交通大学学报.Vol.41, No.9, Sep.2007.
[32]马山 基于二维半理论的垂向船舶运动和波浪载荷预报.[D]哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2002.
[33]马山 高速船舶运动与波浪载荷计算的二维半理论研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2005.
[34]段文洋,马山 船舶航行时水动力系数求解二维半理论的稳定算法.[J] 船舶力学.Vol.8, No.4, Aug.2004.
[35]马山,宋竞正,段文洋 二维半理论和切片法的数值比较研究.[J]船舶力学.Vol.8, No.1, Feb.2004.
[36]Richard H.Akers,1999,Dynamic Analysis of Planing Hulls in the Vertical Plane.April 29,1999 meeting of the New England Section of THE SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS.
[37]G. X. Wu, Numerical simulation of water entry of twin wedges. Journal of Fluids and Structures 22(2006)99-108.
[38]Troesch AW (1992), On the hydrodynamics of vertically oscillating planning hulls. J. Ship Res.36:317-331.
[39]Greenhow M, Lin WM(1983) Nonlinear free surface effects:experiments and theory. Report No.83-19 Department of Ocean Engineering, MIT Aarsnes JV(1996) Drop test with ship sections-effect of roll angle. Report 6.3834.00.01. Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute, Trondheim, Norway
[40]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. Hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in forced heave or pitch motions in calm water. In:Proc.22nd Int. Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, April,2007, Plitvice, Croatia.
[41]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. The influence of gravity on the performance of planing vessels in calm water. J. Eng. Math.2007.
[42]章本照,印建安,张宏基,流体力学数值方法.机械工业出版社.2003
[43]ODD M.FALTINSEN,海上高速船水动力学.国防工业出版社.2007李庆扬,王能超,易大义,数值分析.华中科技大学出版社.2002
[2]Savitsky, D.,1964, Hydrodynamic design of planing hulls, Marine Technology,1,1,71-96.
[3]Altman, R.1968. The steady-state and oscillatory hydrodynamics of a 20 degree deadrise planing surface. Hydronautics, Inc., Technical Report 603-2, Laurel, Md.
[4]Fridsma, G.1969. A systematic study of rough-water performance of planing boats. Davidson Laboratory, Report No.1275, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J.
[5]Fridsma, G.1971. A systematic study of rough-water performance of planing boats(irregular waves-part II). Davidson Laboratory, Report No. DL-71-1495, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J.
[6]Ogilvie, T. F. AND SHEN, Y-T.1973. Flutter-like oscillation of a planing plate. Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. Report No.146, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
[7]De Zwaan, A. P.1973. Oscillatieproeven met een planerende wig. Report No.376-M, Laboratorium voor Scheepsbouwkunde. Technische Hogeschool, Delft, The Netherlands.
[8]Troesch, A. W.1992. On the hydrodynamics of vertically oscillating planing hulls. Journal of Ship Research 36(4), pp.317-331.
[9]Troesch, A. W. & Falzarano, J. M.1993. Modern nonlinear dynamical analysis of vertical plane motion of planing hulls. Journal of Ship Research 37(3), pp.189-199.
[10]Hsu, C. C.1967. On the motions of high speed planing craft. Hydronautics, Inc., Technical Report 603-1, Laurel, Md.
[11]Martin, M.1978. Theoretical Determination of Porpoising Instability of High-Speed Planing Boats in waves, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.22, No,3, Sept 1978.
[12]Munk, M.1924. The aerodynamic forces on airship hulls. NACA Report No.184, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
[13]Wanger, H.1931. Landing of seaplanes. NACA TN 622 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
[14]Zarnick, E. E.1978. A nonlinear mathematical model of motions of a planing boat in regular waves. DTNSRDC Report 78/032 David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Bethesda, Md.
[15]White, J. A. and Savitsky, D.1988. Seakeeping predictions for USCG hard chine patrol boats, SNAME, New York Metropolitan Section, June 16.
[16]Payne, P. R.1990. Boat 3D-a time-domain computer program for planing craft. Payne Associates, Stenensville, Md.
[17]On the Hydrodynamics of Vertically Oscillating Planing Hulls. Armin W., Troesch Journal of Ship Research, Vol.36, No.4, Dec.1992, pp.317-331.
[18]Zhao R, Faltinsen OM 1993. Water entry of two-dimensional bodies. J. Fluid Mech.246,593-612.
[19]Zhao R, Faltinsen OM, Haslum HA 1997. A simplified nonlinear analysis of a high-speed planing craft in calm water. In:Proc. Fourth International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation, Sydney, Australia, July 1997.
[20]Xu L, Troesch AW, Vorus WS 1998. Asymmetric vessel impact and planing hydrodynamics. J. Ship Res.42,187-198.
[21]Faltinsen OM 2001. Steady and vertical dynamic behavior of prismatic planing hulls. In:Proc.22nd International Conference HAD AMR, October,2001, Varna, Bulgaria.
[22]Hughes OF 1972. Solution of the wedge entry problem by numerical conformal mapping. J. Fluid Mech.56(1),173-192.
[23]Greco M 2001. A two dimensional study of green-water loading. Ph.D Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
[24]Faltinsen OM 2002. Water entry of a wedge with finite deadrise angle. J. Ship Res.46(1),39-51.
[25]Wu,G.X., Sun, H, He, Y.S. Numerical simulation and experimental study of water entry of a wedge in free fall motion, J. of Fluids and Structures,2004,Vol.19, 277-289P.
[26]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. The influence of gravity on the performance of planing vessels in calm water. J. Eng. Math.2007.
[27]许国东 流体/刚体砰击问题及相似解研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2008
[28]段文洋 船舶大幅运动非线性水动力研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,1995
[29]张军,张志荣,洪方文,赵峰 楔形体入水初期流场的数值模拟.[J]船舶力学.Vol.7, No.4,2003.
[30]卢炽华,何友声 船体砰击问题的非线性边界元分析.[J]水动力学研究与进展.Vol.14, No.2, June.1999.
[31]陈震,肖熙 二维楔形体入水砰击仿真研究.[J]上海交通大学学报.Vol.41, No.9, Sep.2007.
[32]马山 基于二维半理论的垂向船舶运动和波浪载荷预报.[D]哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2002.
[33]马山 高速船舶运动与波浪载荷计算的二维半理论研究.[D]哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2005.
[34]段文洋,马山 船舶航行时水动力系数求解二维半理论的稳定算法.[J] 船舶力学.Vol.8, No.4, Aug.2004.
[35]马山,宋竞正,段文洋 二维半理论和切片法的数值比较研究.[J]船舶力学.Vol.8, No.1, Feb.2004.
[36]Richard H.Akers,1999,Dynamic Analysis of Planing Hulls in the Vertical Plane.April 29,1999 meeting of the New England Section of THE SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS.
[37]G. X. Wu, Numerical simulation of water entry of twin wedges. Journal of Fluids and Structures 22(2006)99-108.
[38]Troesch AW (1992), On the hydrodynamics of vertically oscillating planning hulls. J. Ship Res.36:317-331.
[39]Greenhow M, Lin WM(1983) Nonlinear free surface effects:experiments and theory. Report No.83-19 Department of Ocean Engineering, MIT Aarsnes JV(1996) Drop test with ship sections-effect of roll angle. Report 6.3834.00.01. Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute, Trondheim, Norway
[40]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. Hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in forced heave or pitch motions in calm water. In:Proc.22nd Int. Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, April,2007, Plitvice, Croatia.
[41]Sun H, Faltinsen OM 2007. The influence of gravity on the performance of planing vessels in calm water. J. Eng. Math.2007.
[42]章本照,印建安,张宏基,流体力学数值方法.机械工业出版社.2003
[43]ODD M.FALTINSEN,海上高速船水动力学.国防工业出版社.2007李庆扬,王能超,易大义,数值分析.华中科技大学出版社.2002