旋流水口浇注结晶器内钢水流场温度场耦合数值模拟
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摘要
电磁搅拌是对金属流动、传热凝固过程进行控制的一种有效手段,有着广泛的工业应用基础。电磁搅拌通过电磁感应实现能量无接触转换,将电磁能转换为钢水的旋转动能,推动钢水旋转运动,改善铸坯凝固组织及结晶状态,从而提高连铸坯质量。国内外学者对结晶器电磁搅拌进行了充分的研究,但针对浸入式水口电磁搅拌研究比较少。
本文基于Maxwell电磁搅拌理论,依据麦克斯韦尔方程得到了电磁力的解析形式,通过自行编写的UDF程序,借助于流体力学分析软件Fluent,将电磁力施加到浸入式水口的钢液体上,继而研究了该电磁力搅拌对圆坯连铸结晶器内流场、温度场的影响。
同时对另一种搅拌方式即x型浸入式水口进行了数值模拟,研究了在x型浸入式水口旋流浇注下结晶器内流体的速度场、温度场及凝固场的分布规律。与电磁搅拌达到的效果基本一致。
不同搅拌方式下得到的耦合数值模拟的结果表明:旋流水口有利于结晶器内流体流速的充分混合,水平方向旋流的动能使得液体在垂直方向上所具有的动能减小,垂直流速较之普通水口浇注衰减加剧,并使垂直流速在整个结晶器断面上迅速趋于均匀,冲击深度降低,起到了流体制动的作用。同时,旋流出流使得铸坯内温度场分布均匀。
Electromagnetic stirring which is one of the effective methods for controlling solidification of metal has a large-scale industrial application. Electromagnetic stirring improves the solidification and internal crystalline state; thereby it enhances the quality of continuous casting by means of electromagnetic induction non-converter which transforms electromagnetic power into electromagnetic force that impels the liquid metal to stir. Domestic and foreign scholars study fully on the M-EMS research, but the study on the submerged nozzle electromagnetic stirring relatively is less than other.
Based on Maxwell theory of electromagnetic stirring, the analytical form of electromagnetic force is derived according to Maxwell equations. Through the procedures of the UDF and the fluid dynamics analysis software FLUENT, the electromagnetic force is applied to the submerged entry nozzle of the liquid steel. Then research is carried on that shows the effects of electromagnetic stirring on the round billet continuous casting mold of flow field and temperature field.
While another numerical simulation of X-type diversion device is researched. Distribution rule of speed field, temperature field and congeal field of fluid in crystallizer taken X-type submerged nozzle using rational flow pouring is researched.
The results which are showed by different styles of stirring with numerical simulation are: the swirling flow nozzle is fit for mix of flow velocity. Horizontal swirl kinetic energy makes the liquid in the vertical direction of the energy decrease. The SEN electromagnetic stirring increases the vertical speed of decay and makes the vertical speed tend to uniformity rapidly on the mold section and reduces the impact of depth. It plays a role of braking fluid. At the same time, swirling streams make the slab temperature homogenization significantly.
本文基于Maxwell电磁搅拌理论,依据麦克斯韦尔方程得到了电磁力的解析形式,通过自行编写的UDF程序,借助于流体力学分析软件Fluent,将电磁力施加到浸入式水口的钢液体上,继而研究了该电磁力搅拌对圆坯连铸结晶器内流场、温度场的影响。
同时对另一种搅拌方式即x型浸入式水口进行了数值模拟,研究了在x型浸入式水口旋流浇注下结晶器内流体的速度场、温度场及凝固场的分布规律。与电磁搅拌达到的效果基本一致。
不同搅拌方式下得到的耦合数值模拟的结果表明:旋流水口有利于结晶器内流体流速的充分混合,水平方向旋流的动能使得液体在垂直方向上所具有的动能减小,垂直流速较之普通水口浇注衰减加剧,并使垂直流速在整个结晶器断面上迅速趋于均匀,冲击深度降低,起到了流体制动的作用。同时,旋流出流使得铸坯内温度场分布均匀。
Electromagnetic stirring which is one of the effective methods for controlling solidification of metal has a large-scale industrial application. Electromagnetic stirring improves the solidification and internal crystalline state; thereby it enhances the quality of continuous casting by means of electromagnetic induction non-converter which transforms electromagnetic power into electromagnetic force that impels the liquid metal to stir. Domestic and foreign scholars study fully on the M-EMS research, but the study on the submerged nozzle electromagnetic stirring relatively is less than other.
Based on Maxwell theory of electromagnetic stirring, the analytical form of electromagnetic force is derived according to Maxwell equations. Through the procedures of the UDF and the fluid dynamics analysis software FLUENT, the electromagnetic force is applied to the submerged entry nozzle of the liquid steel. Then research is carried on that shows the effects of electromagnetic stirring on the round billet continuous casting mold of flow field and temperature field.
While another numerical simulation of X-type diversion device is researched. Distribution rule of speed field, temperature field and congeal field of fluid in crystallizer taken X-type submerged nozzle using rational flow pouring is researched.
The results which are showed by different styles of stirring with numerical simulation are: the swirling flow nozzle is fit for mix of flow velocity. Horizontal swirl kinetic energy makes the liquid in the vertical direction of the energy decrease. The SEN electromagnetic stirring increases the vertical speed of decay and makes the vertical speed tend to uniformity rapidly on the mold section and reduces the impact of depth. It plays a role of braking fluid. At the same time, swirling streams make the slab temperature homogenization significantly.
引文
[1]周亮.重钢方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌数值模拟及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[2]周曙.第二届全国连铸电磁搅拌技术研讨会论文集,1998
[3]吴扣根.圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程数学模拟与实验研究[D].上海大学.2001
[4]曹广畴.《现代板坯连铸》.冶金工业出版社,1994
[5]蔡开科.《连续铸钢》.冶金工业出版社,1994
[6]王学东.电磁搅拌对Al-Si合金及灰铸铁凝固组织的影响[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,1999
[7]王学东,张伟强,时海芳.旋转磁场电磁搅拌数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(5):543
[8]陈雷.连续铸钢[M].北京:冶金出版社,1993
[9]潘秀兰.王艳红.梁慧智.国内外电磁搅拌技术的发展与展望[J].鞍钢技术,2005,(4):10
[10]贾洪海.旋流水口对小方坯连铸结晶器流场影响的水模拟[J].金属学报,2008,44(3):375-380
[11]熊守美,许庆彦,康进武编著.铸造过程模拟仿真技术[M].机械工业出版,2004
[12]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[13]张志峰.钢电磁连续铸造技术的研究[D].上海大学,2002
[14]王福军.计算流体动力学分析─CFD软件原理与应用[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[15]王学东等.电磁搅拌技术的国内外发展现状[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报2001,2,Vo1.20,No.1
[16]韩占忠,王敬.Fluent-流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京理工大学出版社.2006
[17]萧泽强.朱苗勇.冶金过程数值模拟分析技术的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2006
[18]葛志棋等.21世纪前叶冶金装备发展及对策讨论会论文集.冶金工业出版社,1998
[19]A-Mulcahy. Rotary Electromagnetic Stirring for Billets and Blooms [J]. Iron and steel engineer.1998.
[20]陈家祥.连续铸钢手册.北京:冶金出版社,1991:165-168
[21]贾洪海.旋流水口对小方坯连铸结晶器流场影响的水模拟[J].金属学报,2008,44(3):375-380
[22] Thomas BG. Modeling of the continuous casting of steel past, present and future [C].Iron & Steel Soc. Elect Furnace Div. Iron & Steel Soc. Process Techno Div.2001
[23]Birat JP.Electromagnetic stirring on Billet, Bloom and Slab Continuous Caster. lronmaking and Steelmaking,1983,10(6):26
[24] N. A. Shah, J. J. Moor. A Review of the Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring (EMS) in Continuously Cast Steel Part I. Iron & Steelmaker, 1982, 9 (10): 317-376
[25]Thomas B.G, Mika L.J. NajjarF. M Simulation of Fluid Flow inside a Slab-casting Machine. Metallurgical Transaction,1990,21B:387-400
[26]朱苗勇,刘家奇,肖泽强.板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动过程的模拟仿真.钢铁,1996,31 (8):23-27
[27]NajjarF.M, Thomas B.G, Hershey D.E. Metallurgical Transactions,19 95,26B:749-765
[28]TeshimaT.Kubota Suzuki J.M. Tetsu-to-Hagane,1993,79 (5):40-76
[29]张炯明,赫冀成,李宝宽.吹入气体对连铸结晶器流体流动的影响[J].金属学报,1995,31 (6):561-566
[30]李宝宽,赫冀成.连铸结晶器内气液两相流场的数值模拟.第三届全国热工模型化会议论文集,1994:80-84
[31]HoYH. Hwang W.S. Analysis of Molten Steel Flow in Billet Continuous Casting Mold.Int.ISIJ,1996;36:1030-1035
[32]HoYH.Chen CH.,Hwang WS.Analysis of Molten Steel Flow in Slab Continuous Caster Mold, Int.ISIJ, 1994,34 :255-261
[33]Ferretti,PodriniM.Schino C.D.Submerged Nozzle Optimization to Improve Stainless Steel Surface Quality at Temi Steel works Steelmaking Conference.Proceedings,1985, 68:49-54
[34]喻淑仁.冶金过程数学模型北京:冶金工业出版社,1995
[35]伍成波.冶金过程数学模拟及仿真.重庆:重庆大学出版社.2002 [36高木功.Improvement of center defect in cast bloom by hard reduction. CAMP-ISIJ, 1994(7):183-185
[37]刘炳宇,刘昆华.转炉连铸工艺生产重轨钢的实践.武钢技术,2002,40(1):9-12
[38]戴萍等.连铸坯轧制钢轨低倍组织特征研究.包钢科技,2000,26(1):47-49
[39]马国军等.连铸结晶器电磁搅拌对夹杂物的影响.云南冶金,2000,29(2):50-53
[40]崔小朝.王宥宏等.结晶器内钢水自旋转搅拌数值模拟与实验研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2002, (3) :221-225
[41]Chung SL, Yoon JK .Numerical analysis of effect of electromagnetic stirring on solidification Phenomena in continuous casting, Iron making Steelmaking, 1996, 23(5):425-432
[42]氏家义太郎等.用电磁搅拌改善连铸坯的凝固组织国外钢铁新技术泽文集(一), 1982. 226-235
[43]于海岐.朱苗勇.圆坯结晶器电磁搅拌过程三维流场[J].金属学报,2008,44(12):1465-1473
[44]Raihle CM, Improving inner quality in continuously cast billets: Comparison between mold electromagnetic stirring and thermal soft reduction. Iron making and Steelmaking, 1994, 21(6): 487-495
[45]王晓东.旋转电磁场作用下金属凝固补缩机理探讨.材料工程, 2001(11):3-5
[2]周曙.第二届全国连铸电磁搅拌技术研讨会论文集,1998
[3]吴扣根.圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程数学模拟与实验研究[D].上海大学.2001
[4]曹广畴.《现代板坯连铸》.冶金工业出版社,1994
[5]蔡开科.《连续铸钢》.冶金工业出版社,1994
[6]王学东.电磁搅拌对Al-Si合金及灰铸铁凝固组织的影响[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,1999
[7]王学东,张伟强,时海芳.旋转磁场电磁搅拌数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(5):543
[8]陈雷.连续铸钢[M].北京:冶金出版社,1993
[9]潘秀兰.王艳红.梁慧智.国内外电磁搅拌技术的发展与展望[J].鞍钢技术,2005,(4):10
[10]贾洪海.旋流水口对小方坯连铸结晶器流场影响的水模拟[J].金属学报,2008,44(3):375-380
[11]熊守美,许庆彦,康进武编著.铸造过程模拟仿真技术[M].机械工业出版,2004
[12]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[13]张志峰.钢电磁连续铸造技术的研究[D].上海大学,2002
[14]王福军.计算流体动力学分析─CFD软件原理与应用[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[15]王学东等.电磁搅拌技术的国内外发展现状[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报2001,2,Vo1.20,No.1
[16]韩占忠,王敬.Fluent-流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京理工大学出版社.2006
[17]萧泽强.朱苗勇.冶金过程数值模拟分析技术的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2006
[18]葛志棋等.21世纪前叶冶金装备发展及对策讨论会论文集.冶金工业出版社,1998
[19]A-Mulcahy. Rotary Electromagnetic Stirring for Billets and Blooms [J]. Iron and steel engineer.1998.
[20]陈家祥.连续铸钢手册.北京:冶金出版社,1991:165-168
[21]贾洪海.旋流水口对小方坯连铸结晶器流场影响的水模拟[J].金属学报,2008,44(3):375-380
[22] Thomas BG. Modeling of the continuous casting of steel past, present and future [C].Iron & Steel Soc. Elect Furnace Div. Iron & Steel Soc. Process Techno Div.2001
[23]Birat JP.Electromagnetic stirring on Billet, Bloom and Slab Continuous Caster. lronmaking and Steelmaking,1983,10(6):26
[24] N. A. Shah, J. J. Moor. A Review of the Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring (EMS) in Continuously Cast Steel Part I. Iron & Steelmaker, 1982, 9 (10): 317-376
[25]Thomas B.G, Mika L.J. NajjarF. M Simulation of Fluid Flow inside a Slab-casting Machine. Metallurgical Transaction,1990,21B:387-400
[26]朱苗勇,刘家奇,肖泽强.板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动过程的模拟仿真.钢铁,1996,31 (8):23-27
[27]NajjarF.M, Thomas B.G, Hershey D.E. Metallurgical Transactions,19 95,26B:749-765
[28]TeshimaT.Kubota Suzuki J.M. Tetsu-to-Hagane,1993,79 (5):40-76
[29]张炯明,赫冀成,李宝宽.吹入气体对连铸结晶器流体流动的影响[J].金属学报,1995,31 (6):561-566
[30]李宝宽,赫冀成.连铸结晶器内气液两相流场的数值模拟.第三届全国热工模型化会议论文集,1994:80-84
[31]HoYH. Hwang W.S. Analysis of Molten Steel Flow in Billet Continuous Casting Mold.Int.ISIJ,1996;36:1030-1035
[32]HoYH.Chen CH.,Hwang WS.Analysis of Molten Steel Flow in Slab Continuous Caster Mold, Int.ISIJ, 1994,34 :255-261
[33]Ferretti,PodriniM.Schino C.D.Submerged Nozzle Optimization to Improve Stainless Steel Surface Quality at Temi Steel works Steelmaking Conference.Proceedings,1985, 68:49-54
[34]喻淑仁.冶金过程数学模型北京:冶金工业出版社,1995
[35]伍成波.冶金过程数学模拟及仿真.重庆:重庆大学出版社.2002 [36高木功.Improvement of center defect in cast bloom by hard reduction. CAMP-ISIJ, 1994(7):183-185
[37]刘炳宇,刘昆华.转炉连铸工艺生产重轨钢的实践.武钢技术,2002,40(1):9-12
[38]戴萍等.连铸坯轧制钢轨低倍组织特征研究.包钢科技,2000,26(1):47-49
[39]马国军等.连铸结晶器电磁搅拌对夹杂物的影响.云南冶金,2000,29(2):50-53
[40]崔小朝.王宥宏等.结晶器内钢水自旋转搅拌数值模拟与实验研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2002, (3) :221-225
[41]Chung SL, Yoon JK .Numerical analysis of effect of electromagnetic stirring on solidification Phenomena in continuous casting, Iron making Steelmaking, 1996, 23(5):425-432
[42]氏家义太郎等.用电磁搅拌改善连铸坯的凝固组织国外钢铁新技术泽文集(一), 1982. 226-235
[43]于海岐.朱苗勇.圆坯结晶器电磁搅拌过程三维流场[J].金属学报,2008,44(12):1465-1473
[44]Raihle CM, Improving inner quality in continuously cast billets: Comparison between mold electromagnetic stirring and thermal soft reduction. Iron making and Steelmaking, 1994, 21(6): 487-495
[45]王晓东.旋转电磁场作用下金属凝固补缩机理探讨.材料工程, 2001(11):3-5