方坯中间包钢水流动状态和传热的研究
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摘要
随着炼钢技术的不断发展,对连铸钢水的清洁度和铸坯质量的要求也越来越高。中间包作为钢液凝固之前经过的最后一个耐火材料容器,对钢的质量有重要影响。中间包冶金效果与中间包内钢液的流动模式密切相关,合理的中间包流场,对防止钢水二次氧化、延长钢水在中间包内停留时间、促进夹杂物上浮去除等都具有重要的作用。因此,对中间包内钢液的流动模式进行研究和分析,保证钢液流动状态的合理性具有相当重要的理论和实际意义。
本论文结合昆钢7#方坯连铸机中间包的实际情况,针对中间包生产时存在的一些质量问题进行了钢水流动和传热的研究。采用物理模拟和数值模拟相结合的方式,根据相似理论,建立试验模型,进行水力学物理模拟试验;同时建立描述中间包内流体的数学模型,采用Fluent商业软件对中间包钢液的流动模式进行数值模拟计算。主要研究了不同中间包内腔结构下,钢液的流动状态,优化中间包的内腔结构参数。然后,在最优的中间包内腔结构下,优化设置单挡墙及多孔挡墙两种控流装置的结构参数,优化不同工况下长水口插入深度。
研究结果表明:中间包未进行流动控制时,钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间比较短,夹杂物上浮的机会较小。B方案中间包的内腔尺寸较好,但仍需要对中间包内钢液的流动模式进行一定的控制。单挡墙可以有效防止大包水口流出的钢液直接流向中间包最中心水口,大大减少了钢液对最中心水口的影响。在单挡墙中间包内,2#单挡墙的控流效果最好,使用2#单挡墙可以提高活塞流区体积分数19.0%及降低死区体积分数19.7%。多孔挡墙对中间包注流区湍流的控制最为明显,并且挡墙可以较为均匀地将钢液分配到中间包的各个水口。使用3#多孔挡墙可以提高活塞流区体积分数27.5%及降低死区体积分数29.9%,它对中间包内钢液流动模式的控制效果更好。
使用控流装置后,中间包内钢水流动状况得到了不同程度地改善,钢液的平均停留时间延长,活塞流体积分数增加,死区体积分数减小。中间包内钢液的流动模式有利于夹杂物的上浮去除。使用控流装置可以满足不同品种钢的生产需求,最终实现提高铸坯质量的目的。
With the development of steel-making technology, it becomes more and more important to improve the cleanliness and quality of casting steel. The tundish which serves as a refractory container before the steel solidification has a very important influence on steel quality. The conditions of steel flow in tundish perform a vital role in decreasing the secondary oxidation of steel, lengthening the residence time of steel and making the inclusions well folated. Therefore, it is very significant both in theory and practical application to study and analyze the flow field and temperature field of molten steel in tundish and try best to make them proper.
In this paper, according to the fact of No.7 billet CC tundish at Kunming Iron and steel (group) Company Ltd, several production quality problems in a billet tundish had been investigated. The physical and mathematical simulation methods were used. The experiment model was built and the experiments were done based on the Frpude similarity and by similarity principle. The mathematical model, describing the flow phenomena in the tundish, was established. Meanwhile the Fluent commercial software was used to calculate the steel flow and heat transfer in tundish. By comparing the influence of different schemes of designs for tundish on fluid behavior, it was available to make sure the best inter-structure design for the tundish. With the optimized tundish, flow control devices and the immersion depth of long nozzle were all optimized.
The results showed that the molten steel stay short time on average and the inclusions have little opportunities for floation in tundish without flow control devices. The inner structure of B program for tundish is better, but flow control devices are still needed to improve flow pattern. The simple barricade can effectively prevent the liquid steel flowing directly to the most center nozzle and greatly reduce the influence of steel injection to the most center nozzle. Using 2# simple barricade which can raise plug flow volume by 19.0% and decrease dead zone volume by 19.7% is an effective way to improve fluid flow behavior in tundish. The uses of weirs can obviously restrain the turbulent of injection zone and molten steel can also be assigned more effectively to each outlet in tundish. Using 3# weirs which can raise plug flow volume by 27.5% and decrease dead zone volume by 29.9% can further improve fluid flow behavior in tundish.
Adding flow control devices, in varying degrees, can improve fluid flow behavior in tundish. Using suitable flow control devices can increase average residence time of moten steel, raise plug flow volume and decrease dead zone volume. The flow patterns of molten steel in tundish with flow control devices are in favor of the inclusion floating up and removment. The use of flow control devices in tundish can meet the demand of varieties steel production and ultimately improve the quality of the slab.
本论文结合昆钢7#方坯连铸机中间包的实际情况,针对中间包生产时存在的一些质量问题进行了钢水流动和传热的研究。采用物理模拟和数值模拟相结合的方式,根据相似理论,建立试验模型,进行水力学物理模拟试验;同时建立描述中间包内流体的数学模型,采用Fluent商业软件对中间包钢液的流动模式进行数值模拟计算。主要研究了不同中间包内腔结构下,钢液的流动状态,优化中间包的内腔结构参数。然后,在最优的中间包内腔结构下,优化设置单挡墙及多孔挡墙两种控流装置的结构参数,优化不同工况下长水口插入深度。
研究结果表明:中间包未进行流动控制时,钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间比较短,夹杂物上浮的机会较小。B方案中间包的内腔尺寸较好,但仍需要对中间包内钢液的流动模式进行一定的控制。单挡墙可以有效防止大包水口流出的钢液直接流向中间包最中心水口,大大减少了钢液对最中心水口的影响。在单挡墙中间包内,2#单挡墙的控流效果最好,使用2#单挡墙可以提高活塞流区体积分数19.0%及降低死区体积分数19.7%。多孔挡墙对中间包注流区湍流的控制最为明显,并且挡墙可以较为均匀地将钢液分配到中间包的各个水口。使用3#多孔挡墙可以提高活塞流区体积分数27.5%及降低死区体积分数29.9%,它对中间包内钢液流动模式的控制效果更好。
使用控流装置后,中间包内钢水流动状况得到了不同程度地改善,钢液的平均停留时间延长,活塞流体积分数增加,死区体积分数减小。中间包内钢液的流动模式有利于夹杂物的上浮去除。使用控流装置可以满足不同品种钢的生产需求,最终实现提高铸坯质量的目的。
With the development of steel-making technology, it becomes more and more important to improve the cleanliness and quality of casting steel. The tundish which serves as a refractory container before the steel solidification has a very important influence on steel quality. The conditions of steel flow in tundish perform a vital role in decreasing the secondary oxidation of steel, lengthening the residence time of steel and making the inclusions well folated. Therefore, it is very significant both in theory and practical application to study and analyze the flow field and temperature field of molten steel in tundish and try best to make them proper.
In this paper, according to the fact of No.7 billet CC tundish at Kunming Iron and steel (group) Company Ltd, several production quality problems in a billet tundish had been investigated. The physical and mathematical simulation methods were used. The experiment model was built and the experiments were done based on the Frpude similarity and by similarity principle. The mathematical model, describing the flow phenomena in the tundish, was established. Meanwhile the Fluent commercial software was used to calculate the steel flow and heat transfer in tundish. By comparing the influence of different schemes of designs for tundish on fluid behavior, it was available to make sure the best inter-structure design for the tundish. With the optimized tundish, flow control devices and the immersion depth of long nozzle were all optimized.
The results showed that the molten steel stay short time on average and the inclusions have little opportunities for floation in tundish without flow control devices. The inner structure of B program for tundish is better, but flow control devices are still needed to improve flow pattern. The simple barricade can effectively prevent the liquid steel flowing directly to the most center nozzle and greatly reduce the influence of steel injection to the most center nozzle. Using 2# simple barricade which can raise plug flow volume by 19.0% and decrease dead zone volume by 19.7% is an effective way to improve fluid flow behavior in tundish. The uses of weirs can obviously restrain the turbulent of injection zone and molten steel can also be assigned more effectively to each outlet in tundish. Using 3# weirs which can raise plug flow volume by 27.5% and decrease dead zone volume by 29.9% can further improve fluid flow behavior in tundish.
Adding flow control devices, in varying degrees, can improve fluid flow behavior in tundish. Using suitable flow control devices can increase average residence time of moten steel, raise plug flow volume and decrease dead zone volume. The flow patterns of molten steel in tundish with flow control devices are in favor of the inclusion floating up and removment. The use of flow control devices in tundish can meet the demand of varieties steel production and ultimately improve the quality of the slab.
引文
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