供应链社会资本对创新绩效的影响研究:动态能力的中介效应
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摘要
随着市场竞争的加剧,市场需求越来越趋向与多样化和产品开发周期的快速化给企业的技术创新带来更大的困难,增加了技术创新的不确定性和复杂性。企业必须通过建立各种社会关系来获取各种信息,知识,资金等无形资源和有形资源,以实现资源互补,知识信息和利益的共享及风险共担,从而完成创新活动。
     基于社会资本理论、动态能力理论和创新理论,借鉴战略管理的思想,构建了不同环境动态性,企业上下游社会资本、动态能力与创新绩效三者之间关系的理论模型,并且利用统计软件SPSS13.0及AMOS7.0对模型进行了实证分析,检验三者之间的关系,检验动态能力的中介效应,检验环境动态性的调节效应。创新性的研究结论主要分为以下几个方面。
     第一,引入动态能力理论,构建了上下游社会资本三个维度、动态能力、创新绩效之间的关系路径模型,分别从上下游社会资本的三个维度考察其与创新绩效和动态能力的关系。其中,上游社会资本结构维度积极影响创新客户绩效,认知维度积极影响创新财务绩效和创新客户绩效,关系维度积影响创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效;下游社会资本中,结构维度积极影响创新财务绩效,认知维度积极影响创新流程绩效,关系维度积极影响创新客户绩效;上下游社会资本的三个维度都对动态能力有积极的显著影响。
     第二,研究并验证了动态能力的中介效应。其中,在上游社会资本和创新绩效之间,动态能力在结构维度与创新财务绩效,创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效之间均存在完全中介效应,在结构维度和创新客户绩效之间起到部分中介效应;在认知维度与创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效之间均起到完全中介效应,而在认知维度与创新财务绩效和创新客户绩效之间起到部分中介效应;在关系维度与创新财务绩效和创新客户绩效之间均起到完全中介效应,在关系维度与创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效之间均起到部分中介效应。在下游社会资本中,动态能力在结构维度与创新客户绩效,创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效之间起到完全中介效应,在结构维度和创新财务绩效之间起到部分中介效应;在认知维度与创新财务绩效,创新流程绩效和创新成长绩效之间起到完全中介效应,在认知维度与创新客户绩效之间起到部分中介效应;动态能力在关系维度与创新财务绩效,创新客户绩效和创新成长绩效之间起到完全中介效应,在关系维度和创新流程绩效之间起到部分中介效应。
     第三,研究并验证了环境动态性在上下游社会资本与动态能力之间的调节效应。具体来说,在上游社会资本中,技术环境动态性在结构维度和动态能力之间,在认知维度与动态能力之间和关系维度与动态能力之间均起到正向调节效应;在下游社会资本中,市场环境动态性在认知维度与动态能力之间,在关系维度与动态能力之间均起到正向调节效应。
     通过使用中国本土化数据进行实证研究,验证了上下游社会资本、动态能力、创新绩效三者之间的作用机理,丰富了社会资本理论、动态能力理论和创新理论,并为我国企业供应链的社会资本管理、动态能力和创新绩效管理提供了与本土契合度较高的操作流程。
As the market competition increased, diversity of demand and rapidness ofdevelopment cycle increase the uncertainty and complexity of innovation. Throughknowledge sharing and resource complementary, enterprises can achieve betterinnovation performance.
     Based on social theory, dynamic capability theory and innovation theory,drawing lessons from strategy management, construct build the conceptual model.The innovative conclusions are as follows:
     Firstly, introduce the dynamic capability, the relationship path model of socialcapital and innovation performance with dynamic capability and environmentdynamic has been constructed. Specially, upstream structure dimension positivelyinfluences innovation customer performance, cognitive dimension positivelyinfluences innovation finance performance and innovation customer performance,relational dimension positively influences innovation process performance;downstream structure dimension positively influences innovation financeperformance, cognitive dimension positively influences innovation processperformance, relational dimension positively influences innovation customerperformance; both upstream three dimensions and downstream three dimensionspositively dynamic capability.
     Secondly, the mediating effect of dynamic capability has been discussed andvalidated. Specially, dynamic capability play a full mediating role between upstreamstructure dimension and innovation financial performance, upstream structuredimension and innovation process performance, upstream structure dimension andinnovation growth performance, upstream cognitive dimension and innovationprocess performance, upstream cognitive dimension and innovation growthperformance, upstream relational dimension and innovation financial performance,upstream relational dimension and innovation customer performance;play partialmediating role between upstream structure dimension and innovation customerperformance,upstream cognitive dimension and innovation financial performance,upstream cognitive dimension and innovation customer performance,upstreamrelational dimension and innovation process performance, upstream relationaldimension and innovation growth performance. Dynamic capability play a fullmediating role between downstream structure dimension and innovation customer performance, downstream structure dimension and innovation process performance,downstream structure dimension and innovation growth performance, down cognitivedimension and financial performance, down cognitive dimension and processperformance, down cognitive dimension and growth performance, down relationaldimension and innovation financial performance, down relational dimension andinnovation customer performance, down relational dimension and innovation growthperformance;play partial mediating role between downstream structure dimension andinnovation financial performance,downstream cognitive dimension and innovationcustomer performance; downstream relational dimension and innovation processperformance.
     Thirdly,the moderating effect of environment has been discussed and validated.Specially, technology environment dynamic play a moderating role between upstreamstructure dimension,upstream cognitive dimension, upstream relational dimension anddynamic capability;market environment dynamic play a moderating role betweendownstream cognitive dimension, down relational dimension and dynamic capability.
     In the background of Chinese localization data, the mechanism of upstream anddownstream social capital, dynamic capability and innovation performance has beenvalidated, the social capital theory, dynamic capability theory and innovation theoryhave been enriched, a framework higher agree with local conditions has beenproposed for Chinese enterprises.
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