农产品批发市场公益性评价及实现路径研究
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摘要
农产品批发市场是我国农产流通的主要环节,其承担着全国70%农产品集散重任。在我国农产品生产组织化程度低、物流配套设施不健全、农产品生产信息不完全的情况下,农产品批发市场提供的货物集散、信息汇集、价格形成功能十分必要。因此,在未来相当长的一段时间内,农产品批发市场在我国农产品流通体系中主体地位不可动摇。近年来出现的农产品价格波动、食品安全等问题暴露出我国农产品批发市场公益性的缺失；同时2012年、2014年中央一号文件明确支持公益性农产品批发市场建设。在这样的背景下,本文着重研究农产品批发市场公益性,在建立公益性评价模型的基础上,对公益性内在运作机理进行分析,寻找农产品批发市场公益性实现的有效路径。通过公益性的提高解决批发市场中发展中的难点和出现的问题,这对进一步完善我国农产品批发市场体系,促进农民增收、保障农产品价格稳定、推进城乡经济社会统筹协调发展具有重要意义。
本文首先对农产品批发市场的性质进行理论研究,分析我国农产品批发市场公益性缺失的原因；其次建立农产品批发市场公益性评价模型并进行实际评价,分析批发市场公益性发展的内在机理,提出农产品批发市场公益性的实现路径；最后探讨我国农产品批发市场公益性实现所需的政策支持和制度保障。
本文的主要结论有：1.农产品批发市场公益性的产生有着理论和现实两方面的基础,其公益性职能主要体现在：加快农产品流通、促进农产品供需平衡、监管农产品质量安全、培育农产品经纪人、维护城市环境、突发事件的应急保障等；2.从经济贡献度、环境贡献度、社会贡献度三个方面建立了三维空间公益性评价模型进行农产品批发市场公益性评价；3.分析了农产品批发市场公益性发展的内生力量、外生力量和综合机理,指出公益性发展需要批发市场具备公益性服务意识、重视分析经销商和消费者需求、政府需要提供资金和政策支持；4.实现农产品批发市场公益性的路径有：“公共企业”模式、“公益性农产品批发市场基金”模式和“国家公益性批发市场示范工程”模式,公益性市场建设的重点任务包括：基础设施标准化建设、冷链物流建设、信息系统建设、食品安全关键控制点建设。5.在分析借鉴日本、韩国、欧盟农产品批发市场发展经验的基础上,探讨了我国农产品批发市场公益性建设所需的政策支持和法律保障体系建设；6.梳理了我国农产品批发市场相关政策,构建了农产品批发市场公益性运行监管体系。
本文可能的创新之处：1.运用公共经济学、制度经济学等相关理论对农产品批发市场的社会物品属性进行分析；2.明确了农产品批发市场公益性职能表现；3.创建了农产品批发市场公益性评价模型并进行实际评价；4.探析了农产品批发市场公益性发展的内在机理；5.提出了我国农产品批发市场公益性建设的新途径和相关建设重点。
The wholesale market for agricultural products, occupying70%products distributing, is the main link of Chinese circulation of agricultural products. In China, with the low agricultural production organization, the undeveloped logistics supporting facilities, and the incomplete information of agricultural production, the cargo distribution, information collection and price formation function provided by the wholesale market for agricultural products are essential. Therefore, for a long time in the future, the wholesale market for agricultural products still occupies the subject position in Chinese agricultural products circulation system. In recent years, some problems, such as the price fluctuation of agricultural products and the food safety have exposed the loss of public welfare in the wholesale market for agricultural products in China. Meanwhile, the No.l Documents issued in2012and2014clearly support the construction of nonprofit agricultural wholesale markets. Under this background, this paper focuses on the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products, analyses the internal operation mechanism of the public welfare on the base of establishing the public welfare evaluation model, finding effective ways of realizing the public welfare of wholesale market for agricultural products. It is of great significance to further perfect Chinese wholesale market for agricultural products, increase farmers' income, ensure the stable agricultural prices and promote urban and rural economic and social development by improving the public welfare to solve the difficulties and problems in the development of wholesale markets.
This paper first theoretically concentrates on the nature of wholesale markets for agricultural products and analyses the reasons for the lack of nonprofit wholesale market for agricultural products in China; Secondly, it focuses on the establishment of public welfare evaluation model of wholesale market for agricultural products, analyses the inner mechanism of the public welfare of the wholesale market and then proposes the realizing route of the public welfare of wholesale markets for agricultural products; Finally, the thesis discusses the policy support and system guarantee needed for realizing the public welfare of the wholesale markets for agricultural products in China.
The main conclusions of this paper include the following aspects:firstly, the birth of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products has theoretical and realistic bases. Its public welfare function mainly reflects in the aspects of speeding up the circulation of agricultural products, promoting the balance between supply and demand of agricultural products, supervising the safety of the quality of agricultural products, cultivating agricultural agent, maintaining the urban environment, and setting up the emergency support. Secondly, it establishes the evaluation modal of the three-dimensional space public welfare from the economic contribution, the environment contribution and social contribution to give the public welfare evaluation of the wholesale market for agricultural products. Thirdly, it analyses the endogenous strength, exogenous forces, synthesis mechanism of the public welfare development of the wholesale market for agricultural products, and then illustrates that the development of the public welfare need the possessing the public welfare service awareness, paying attention to the analysis of dealers and consumers' demand, and the offering of the capital support from the government. Fourthly, It proposes that the realizing routes of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products include:"public company" mode,"the public welfare fund of wholesale market for agricultural products" and" the demonstration project of the national public welfare wholesale markets" mode. The key tasks of the public welfare construction include the standardization construction of the infrastructure, the construction of cold chain logistics information system construction and the construction critical control points for food safety. Fifthly, based on the development experience of the wholesale market for agricultural products in Japan, Korea and European Union, it analyses the construction of policy support and legal guarantee system needed by Chinese public welfare construction of the wholesale market for agricultural products. Sixthly, it combs the relative policies and constructs the operative supervision system of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products.
The breakthrough of this thesis are as follows:firstly, some relevant theories such as public economics, institutional economics are employed to analyze the social goods quality of the wholesale market for agricultural products; Secondly, the manifestation of the public welfare function of the wholesale market for agricultural markets is clarified; Thirdly, the evaluation model of the public welfare of wholesale market for agricultural products are created and actually evaluated; Fourthly, the inner mechanism of the public welfare development of the wholesale market for agricultural products is discussed; Fifthly, the new methods and relative construction keys of the public welfare construction of Chinese wholesale markets for agricultural products are proposed.
本文首先对农产品批发市场的性质进行理论研究,分析我国农产品批发市场公益性缺失的原因；其次建立农产品批发市场公益性评价模型并进行实际评价,分析批发市场公益性发展的内在机理,提出农产品批发市场公益性的实现路径；最后探讨我国农产品批发市场公益性实现所需的政策支持和制度保障。
本文的主要结论有：1.农产品批发市场公益性的产生有着理论和现实两方面的基础,其公益性职能主要体现在：加快农产品流通、促进农产品供需平衡、监管农产品质量安全、培育农产品经纪人、维护城市环境、突发事件的应急保障等；2.从经济贡献度、环境贡献度、社会贡献度三个方面建立了三维空间公益性评价模型进行农产品批发市场公益性评价；3.分析了农产品批发市场公益性发展的内生力量、外生力量和综合机理,指出公益性发展需要批发市场具备公益性服务意识、重视分析经销商和消费者需求、政府需要提供资金和政策支持；4.实现农产品批发市场公益性的路径有：“公共企业”模式、“公益性农产品批发市场基金”模式和“国家公益性批发市场示范工程”模式,公益性市场建设的重点任务包括：基础设施标准化建设、冷链物流建设、信息系统建设、食品安全关键控制点建设。5.在分析借鉴日本、韩国、欧盟农产品批发市场发展经验的基础上,探讨了我国农产品批发市场公益性建设所需的政策支持和法律保障体系建设；6.梳理了我国农产品批发市场相关政策,构建了农产品批发市场公益性运行监管体系。
本文可能的创新之处：1.运用公共经济学、制度经济学等相关理论对农产品批发市场的社会物品属性进行分析；2.明确了农产品批发市场公益性职能表现；3.创建了农产品批发市场公益性评价模型并进行实际评价；4.探析了农产品批发市场公益性发展的内在机理；5.提出了我国农产品批发市场公益性建设的新途径和相关建设重点。
The wholesale market for agricultural products, occupying70%products distributing, is the main link of Chinese circulation of agricultural products. In China, with the low agricultural production organization, the undeveloped logistics supporting facilities, and the incomplete information of agricultural production, the cargo distribution, information collection and price formation function provided by the wholesale market for agricultural products are essential. Therefore, for a long time in the future, the wholesale market for agricultural products still occupies the subject position in Chinese agricultural products circulation system. In recent years, some problems, such as the price fluctuation of agricultural products and the food safety have exposed the loss of public welfare in the wholesale market for agricultural products in China. Meanwhile, the No.l Documents issued in2012and2014clearly support the construction of nonprofit agricultural wholesale markets. Under this background, this paper focuses on the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products, analyses the internal operation mechanism of the public welfare on the base of establishing the public welfare evaluation model, finding effective ways of realizing the public welfare of wholesale market for agricultural products. It is of great significance to further perfect Chinese wholesale market for agricultural products, increase farmers' income, ensure the stable agricultural prices and promote urban and rural economic and social development by improving the public welfare to solve the difficulties and problems in the development of wholesale markets.
This paper first theoretically concentrates on the nature of wholesale markets for agricultural products and analyses the reasons for the lack of nonprofit wholesale market for agricultural products in China; Secondly, it focuses on the establishment of public welfare evaluation model of wholesale market for agricultural products, analyses the inner mechanism of the public welfare of the wholesale market and then proposes the realizing route of the public welfare of wholesale markets for agricultural products; Finally, the thesis discusses the policy support and system guarantee needed for realizing the public welfare of the wholesale markets for agricultural products in China.
The main conclusions of this paper include the following aspects:firstly, the birth of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products has theoretical and realistic bases. Its public welfare function mainly reflects in the aspects of speeding up the circulation of agricultural products, promoting the balance between supply and demand of agricultural products, supervising the safety of the quality of agricultural products, cultivating agricultural agent, maintaining the urban environment, and setting up the emergency support. Secondly, it establishes the evaluation modal of the three-dimensional space public welfare from the economic contribution, the environment contribution and social contribution to give the public welfare evaluation of the wholesale market for agricultural products. Thirdly, it analyses the endogenous strength, exogenous forces, synthesis mechanism of the public welfare development of the wholesale market for agricultural products, and then illustrates that the development of the public welfare need the possessing the public welfare service awareness, paying attention to the analysis of dealers and consumers' demand, and the offering of the capital support from the government. Fourthly, It proposes that the realizing routes of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products include:"public company" mode,"the public welfare fund of wholesale market for agricultural products" and" the demonstration project of the national public welfare wholesale markets" mode. The key tasks of the public welfare construction include the standardization construction of the infrastructure, the construction of cold chain logistics information system construction and the construction critical control points for food safety. Fifthly, based on the development experience of the wholesale market for agricultural products in Japan, Korea and European Union, it analyses the construction of policy support and legal guarantee system needed by Chinese public welfare construction of the wholesale market for agricultural products. Sixthly, it combs the relative policies and constructs the operative supervision system of the public welfare of the wholesale market for agricultural products.
The breakthrough of this thesis are as follows:firstly, some relevant theories such as public economics, institutional economics are employed to analyze the social goods quality of the wholesale market for agricultural products; Secondly, the manifestation of the public welfare function of the wholesale market for agricultural markets is clarified; Thirdly, the evaluation model of the public welfare of wholesale market for agricultural products are created and actually evaluated; Fourthly, the inner mechanism of the public welfare development of the wholesale market for agricultural products is discussed; Fifthly, the new methods and relative construction keys of the public welfare construction of Chinese wholesale markets for agricultural products are proposed.
引文
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